Nutrition Chapter 1
What are some 1-ounce equivalents for the grains group?
1 cup of ready-to-eat breakfast cereal 1 slice of bread 1 mini bagel
Which of these qualities represent a nutrient-dense food?
18% of nutrients; 5% of calories
On Nutrition Facts labels, the % Daily Value is usually calculated based on a ______ calorie diet.
2000
If the EAR for vitamin C is 75 mg for men, what would the RDA be? Multiple choice question.
90
The Recommended Dietary Allowances meet the needs of ____ of individuals.
98
The Recommended Dietary Allowances meet the needs of ____ of individuals.
98%
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels are the maximum daily intake amounts of nutrients that are not likely to cause adverse effects in _______ of individuals
98%
What are some examples of permitted health claims?
A diet low in total fat may reduce risk of some cancers. A diet with enough calcium may reduce risk of osteoporosis. A diet low in sodium may reduce risk of hypertension.
What qualities must a food product have in order for it to make a health claim?
A single serving of the food cannot contain more than 13 g of fat, 4 g of saturated fat, 60 mg of cholesterol, and 480 mg of sodium. The food must be a good source of fiber, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, or iron.
For each macronutrient, the _______ provide a range of intake associated with good health and a reduced risk of chronic diseases while providing for recommended intakes of essential nutrients.
AMDRs
What recommendations were established for guidance on carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake levels?
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges
Of the strategies listed, which one is the best for building healthy eating patterns?
Account for all foods and beverages consumed.
What is the term for the daily intake amount that is based on observed or experimentally determined estimates of the average nutrient intake that appears to maintain health?
Adequate Intakes
____ are daily intake amounts set for nutrients for which there are insufficient research data to establish an EAR.
Adequate Intakes or intake level
A ___ ____ is a generic nutrient standard used on Nutrition Facts labels; it comprises both RDIs and DRVs.
Blank 1: Daily Blank 2: Value or Values
The latest recommendations from the Food and Nutrition Board are called _____________and they include 5 sets of standards.
Blank 1: Dietary or D Blank 2: Reference or R Blank 3: Intakes, Intake, or I
For most adults, the best estimate of energy needs in relation to the __________ is the amount of energy required to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
Blank 1: Estimated, e, or E Blank 2: Energy, e, or E Blank 3: Requirements, r, R, Rs, or Requirement
'' Starting in 2018, added sugar and vitamin D will be just some of the components that must be included on most ___ panel
Blank 1: Nutrition or nutrient Blank 2: Facts, fact, or facts
_____________ are daily nutrient intake amounts that have been scientifically deemed sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all individuals (97-98%) in a life stage.
Blank 1: Recommended Blank 2: Dietary Blank 3: Allowances or Allowance
The DRIs apply to people in ______. Multiple select question.
Canada the United States
How do you calculate a food's energy density?
Compare the food's calorie content per gram weight of the food.
What is the generic nutrient standard set for energy-producing nutrients?
Daily Reference Values
What is the generic nutrient standard set for energy-producing nutrients? Multiple choice question.
Daily Reference Values
Daily Values (DVs) are based on these two sets of dietary standards.
Daily Reference Values Reference Daily Intakes
____ ____ have been set for 4 groups: infants, toddlers, pregnant or lactating women, and people over the age of 4
Daily Value
What are the Estimated Average Requirements?
Daily nutrient intake amounts that are estimated to meet the needs of half of the people in a certain life stage.
What is the name of the tool that supports overall health by providing guidance on the quantities of nutrients that are most likely to result in optimal health?
Dietary Reference Intakes
Which steps are necessary for the calculation of the nutrient density of a food? Multiple select question.
Divide the amount of a nutrient in a serving by the RDA. Divide the calories in a serving of the food by the EER.
A person's risk for developing a nutrient deficiency increases when their intake of a nutrient regularly drops below the ______.
EAR
What formula should be used to determine the RDA for a nutrient?
EAR x 1.2 = RDA
An RDA can only be set for nutrients that have an _____
Estimated Average Requirement
An RDA can only be set for nutrients that have an ______
Estimated Average Requirement
An RDA can only be set for nutrients that have an ______.
Estimated Average Requirement
Without using abbreviations, the ____ ____ _____ are daily nutrient intake amounts that are estimated to meet the needs of half of the people in a certain life stage.
Estimated or estimated Average or average Requirements or requirement
Which agency specifies that serving sizes be consistent among similar foods? Multiple choice question.
FDA
What are some percent DRVs for energy-producing nutrients?
Fat = 35% of calories Protein = 10% of calories
Identify tools that can help one to identify foods that contain nutrients in recommended amounts.
Food labels Nutrient databases Daily Values
Match the nutrient to its food source.
Grain - Iron Fruit - Vitamin C Dairy - Calcium
The Dietary __________ are the foundation of the U.S. government's nutrition policy and education. They reflect what scientific experts believe is the most accurate and up-to-date scientific knowledge about nutritious diets, physical activity, and related healthy lifestyle choices.
Guidelines, guideline, or guidelines for Americans
______ energy density foods need to be eaten in larger amounts to feel full.
High
Identify all of the best food changes that promote increased health.
Instead of eating white bread, eat whole-wheat bread. Instead of eating potato salad, eat three-bean salad. Instead of eating canned vegetables, eat fresh or frozen vegetables.
Which of the following statements about structure/function claims are true?
Manufacturers are responsible for ensuring the claims are accurate. The FDA does not approve or authorize them.
Identify tools that can help one to identify foods that contain nutrients in recommended amounts.
Nutrient databases Food labels Daily Values
Match the serving size unit to the appropriate food group.
Ounce - grains Cup- fruits/vegetables Teaspoon - oils
This dietary recommendation is used to evaluate a person's current intake for a specific nutrient, recognizing that the further the intake strays from this value, the more likely the person will develop nutrition-related problems.
RDA
Daily ____ Values are standards set for energy-producing nutrients.
Reference or references
Select the food recommendations that promote a healthy lifestyle.
Replace whole milk dairy products with low-fat and fat-free dairy products. Use oils to replace solid fats. Eat more dark green, red, and orange vegetables.
What are some changes being made to restaurant menus in order to provide increased consumer awareness?
Restaurants with 20 or more locations must provide calorie information of menu items. Restaurants must provide nutrition information, upon request.
What are some foods and food components that should be reduced in order to promote a healthy diet and lifestyle?
Sodium intake should be less than 2300 mg. Consume less than 10% of calories from saturated fatty acids starting at age 2. Reduce the consumption of alcohol to moderate levels.
What are some behaviors consistent with MyPlate recommendations?
Switch to fat-free or low-fat milk. Enjoy your food, but eat less. Drink water instead of sugary drinks.
Select the correct statement.
The AI should cover the needs of more than 97-98% of the individuals in a specific life-stage group.
Why was the Food and Nutrition Board originally formed?
The Board was formed in response to the many young men who were rejected from military service due to poor health.
What does the FDA require companies to do if they list the % DV for protein on a food label? Multiple choice question.
The company must evaluate the protein quality of the food.
What should be considered when diet planning?
The diet plan should meet any AIs set. The diet plan should meet any RDAs set. The diet plan should avoid exceeding a UL for a nutrient.
Which formula can be used to determine the total amount of calories for a nutrient in more than one serving?
The value on label × the # of servings
What are the benefits of choosing lower fat dairy products?
They are lower in fat compared to full-fat products. They are lower in saturated fat compared to full-fat products. They are lower in cholesterol compared to full-fat products.
What are some benefits of having nutrient databases?
They can be used to determine the nutrient density of foods. They make it possible to quickly estimate the amount of calories in foods that we eat. They allow us to see how closely intake matches dietary standards.
What are some qualities of empty-calorie foods?
They contain few nutrients. They tend to be high in sugar/fat.
Which statements are true regarding health claims?
They must use a may or might qualifier in the statement. They describe the relationship between a disease and a nutrient.
What statement about DRIs is true?
They only apply to healthy people.
Why were the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges established?
They were established to reduce the risk of nutrient-related chronic disease.
Vitamin C intakes that are higher than the ______ can cause diarrhea and inflammation of the stomach lining. Multiple choice question.
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
What information is included on a food product label?
a Nutrition Facts panel ingredients that are common allergens ingredients listed in descending order by weight
Daily Values were developed because the DRIs are _____ specific, and it isn't practical to have different food labels for different groups
age gender
Daily Values were developed because the DRIs are _____ specific, and it isn't practical to have different food labels for different groups.
age gender
What familiar item does MyPlate encourage people to use in order to estimate a 1 cup serving size? Multiple choice question.
baseball
To promote optimal health, people should aim to keep their intake of saturated fat and cholesterol at or ______ the 100% DV.
below
Whole grain varieties of _____ have the greatest array of nutrients.
cereals rice breads
To help consumers make healthy food choices, the food industry has condensed nutrition labels into symbols such as ______.
check marks stars traffic lights
What are some examples of empty calorie foods?
cookies ice cream
What does a food label need to indicate on foods like meat, poultry, vegetables, pecans, and ginseng that does not need to be on other types of food labels?
country of origin
______ calorie foods are ones that are high in solid fats and/or added sugar. They provide calories but few to no nutrients.
empty
It is expected that the AI _____ the RDA for a specific nutrient.
exceeds
North Americans typically do not consume sufficient amounts of _____.
fruits vegetables whole grains
Only food products that meet the following requirements can bear a ______ claim: - The food must be a good source of fiber, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, or iron. - A single serving of the food cannot contain more than 13 g of fat, 4 g of saturated fat, 60 mg of cholesterol, or 48 0mg of sodium. - The product must meet criteria specific to the claim being made.
health
What is the term for a claim that describes the relationship between a disease and a nutrient, food, or food constituent?
health claim
What is the term for a claim that describes the relationship between a disease and a nutrient, food, or food constituent? Multiple choice question.
health claim
______________ energy density foods need to be eaten in larger amounts to feel full.
high
A structure function claim describes ______.
how a nutrient affects body structure how a nutrient affects body function
Nutrition Facts panels often include a footnote that explains that the DVs are based on a 2000 calorie diet and that they show ______. Multiple choice question.
how much a serving of food contributes to a daily diet
When must the % DV for a protein be reported on the food label?
if the food is for infants and children under 4 years if the food makes a claim about protein content
The product's name, the address of the manufacturer, the amount of product in the package, and a Nutrition Facts panel should all be included on a product's food
label
Maintaining portion control during meal consumption will help you to consume ______.
less fat less calories
What are some of the benefits of switching from eating a cheeseburger and fries for lunch to eating a hamburger and baked beans?
less saturated fat more phytochemicals more fiber
What are some examples of very low and low energy density foods?
lettuce salsa oatmeal plain baked potato
Foods that are ____ in energy density help a person feel full.
low
Which of the following statements are examples of nutrient content claims?
low in fat zero calories rich in vitamin A
A ______ content claim describes the amount of nutrients in a food.A ______ content claim describes the amount of nutrients in a food.
nutrient
What type of databases makes it possible to estimate the amount of calories in many foods, see how closely intake matches RDA and DV, and can be used to determine the nutrient and energy density of foods?
nutrient databases
The further one's nutrient intake regularly drops below the RDA, the greater the risk for developing a ___.
nutrient deficiency
Although not a food group with MyPlate, ______ are needed in small amounts to supply the body with essential fatty acids. Multiple choice question.
oils
Food labels must specify the country of origin for which of the following products?
peanuts fruits
DRIs do not apply to which of the following groups?
people with health conditions that require higher intakes people with diseases that require higher intakes undernourished individuals
It is important to keep ______ under control so that you can eat a balanced and varied diet without consuming more calories, fat, cholesterol, sugar, and sodium than you need.
portion size
For which groups have Daily Values been set?
pregnant or lactating women toddlers infants
Eggs, skinless chicken, and seafood are all good sources of which MyPlate food group? Multiple choice question.
protein
The AMDR's include recommended intake ranges as a percent of total energy intake for which nutrients?
protein carbohydrates
Select the components that must be listed on most Nutrition Facts panels starting in 2018.
protein total fat fiber total calories
What are some examples of medium and high energy density foods?
pumpkin pie whole-wheat bread ham potato chips
What are some examples of medium and high energy density foods?
pumpkin pie whole-wheat bread potato chips ham
What information must you have in order to calculate the amount of a nutrient consumed? Multiple select question.
serving size % Daily Value
Fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy are often ______ compared to chips, cookies, and sugared soft drinks
similar in price
For which nutrients are the DRVs set?
sodium carbohydrates protein fats
Foods can make health claims based on incomplete scientific evidence if the label contains a disclaimer such as ________.
this evidence is not conclusive
What are some goals of the Dietary Guidelines?
to guide government nutrition programs to aid in food labeling to reduce obesity
In relation to optimal nutrition, _______ means eating many different foods from each food group.
variety
The key to getting the array of nutrients offered by each food group is called ______.
variety
Which nutrients should people strive to reach 100% DV? Multiple select question.
vitamin D iron fiber calcium
RDIs are set for ______.
vitamins and minerals