Nutrition chapter 18
By what age do most people first have well-developed arterial plaque?
30
Approximately what percent of people with high blood pressure are sensitive to salt?
50
The most common form of cardiovascular disease is
coronary heart disease.
Most people with type 2 diabetes have
excess body fat
A person with diabetes is most likely to develop
heart attacks.
What percentage of people with type 2 diabetes are obese?
80-90
Which of the following is a characteristic of HIV or AIDS?
AIDS develops from HIV infection
Which of the following is a characteristic of drug therapy for hypertension?
Antihypertensive drugs work by lowering blood volume
Immunoglobulins are produced primarily by
B-cells.
Why should the measurement of a person's blood cholesterol be performed at least twice with measurements taken at least one week apart?
Blood cholesterol concentrations are known to vary significantly day to day
Which of the following is a leading cause of both blindness and kidney failure?
Diabetes
What is the term given to mounds of lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that develop in the artery walls?
Plaques
The higher risk for breast cancer in obese women after menopause is thought to result mainly from chronic exposure to
estrogen.
Risk factors for coronary heart disease that can be minimized by behavioral change include all of the following except
heredity.
Which of the following describes a relationship between sodium/salt and high blood pressure?
Weight loss is often as effective as sodium restriction in lowering blood pressure
Diabetes is known to increase the risk for all of the following except
cancer.
A substance that causes cancer is termed a(n)
carcinogen.
Being obese is known to increase the probabilities of contracting all of the following diseases except
kwashiorkor.
In the measurement of blood pressure, the units are expressed as
mm of mercury.
The process by which immune cells engulf and then destroy bacteria is known as
phagocytosis.
Tiny, disc-shaped bodies in the blood that are important in clot formation are called
platelets.
The frequent urination common in diabetes is known as
polyuria.
Functions of the T-cells include all of the following except
production of antibodies.
Insulin resistance is defined as
reduced sensitivity of cells to blood insulin
What is believed to be the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?
Defect of the immune system
The DASH diet is actually the acronym for
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.
How does obesity increase the risk for developing hypertension?
Obesity is associated with altered kidney function and fluid retention leading to higher blood pressure
A cancer that originates from bone is a(n)
Osteocarcinoma
What is the appropriate method of assessing blood lipids to ensure reliable results?
Take at least 2 measurements at least 1 week apart
Which of the following describes the actions of a carcinogen?
Cancer-initiating substance
Approximately how many million people in the United States are believed to have hypertension?
65
Direct contributors to the metabolic syndrome include all of the following except
high sodium intake.
In the otherwise stable person with type 1 diabetes, a potential problem associated with physical activity is
hypoglycemia.
Diuretics act to lower blood pressure by
increasing fluid loss.
A person who produces a normal amount of insulin but whose cells show suboptimal response is said to be
insulin resistant.
A tumor that releases cells, leading to the spread of cancer to other regions of the body, is said to
metastasize.
In which of the following conditions would the pancreas be unable to synthesize insulin?
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
The immune system treats foreign substances such as bacteria and toxins as
antigens
What blood cholesterol carrier is of greatest concern in atherosclerosis?
LDL
Common cell types that make up the immune system include all of the following except
P-cells.
A significant reduction in blood flow to the brain is termed
a stroke.
