Nutrition Consultant Exam Chp 1-3

It is essential to use a placebo when testing the effects of a new diet supplement for efficacy. a. True b. False

True

Which food provides the most energy per gram? a. Skinless chicken breast b. An apple c. A soft drink d. Salad dressing e. A glass of wine

d. salad dressing

______________ refers to the wavelike motions that push contents through the digestive tract.

peristalis

The amount of bile secreted by the gallbladder is dependent on the amount of carbohydrate ingested. a. True b. False

b. false

________________are needed for normal grown and health but the body can make them in sufficient quantities.

nonessential nutrients

True or False: Malnutrition includes deficiencies of calories or nutrients, as well as excess of calories or nutrients.

True

Doctor are typically the first source for diet and nutrition information that individuals go to. a. True b. False

False

Grocery stores promote impulse buys of unhealthy foods by putting them along the perimeter store. a. True b. False

False

A sedentary individual who increases vegetable intake and adds a 30-minute walk each day could cut the risk of developing diabetes. a. True b. False

True

Advertisers increase sales of sugar-laden products by targeting children. a. True b. False

True

Manufacturers have the option of listing any of the eight major allergens on the food label that the product may contain. a. True b. False

b. false

Meal planning using MyPlate is based on visualizing the plate as four equal sections. a. True b. False

b. false

Nutrients absorbed from the small intestine are carried in the blood directly to fat cells for storage. a. True b. False

b. false

Peristalsis is a voluntary, muscular action that keeps contents moving through the digestive tract. a. True b. False

b. false

The American versions of ethnic cuisine have a very similar nutrient profile to the traditional versions from the country of origin. a. True b. False

b. false

The breakdown of body compounds is known as anabolism. a. True b. False

b. false

The diet-planning principle of balance refers to avoiding excessive amounts of less healthy food components like solid fats and added sugars. a. True b. False

b. false

Traditional Chinese cooking is characterized by high fat and large servings of meat and rice. a. True b. False

b. false

Typical American diets need to increase their levels of solid fats and added sugars for optimal nutrition. a. True b. False

b. false

What action should you take in order to practice the diet-planning principle of moderation? a. Consume different foods rather than the same food at each meal. b. Ensure that the foods you consume provide enough calcium. c. Choose cheese made with skim milk over potato chips. d. Eat foods that combine to create a full healthy menu. e. Eat mainly healthy foods low in saturated fat and added sugars and have a treat on occasion

e. Eat mainly healthy foods low in saturated fat and added sugars and have a treat on occasion

Which of the following is the reason why some health professionals do not think that adopting all aspects of the Mediterranean diet is a good idea for Americans? a. Americans are more physically active and need additional nutrients. b. The American diet is already centered around produce, grains, and legumes. c. Eating nuts provides the same benefits as cooking with olive oil. d. Americans would likely exceed the recommendation for moderate wine consumption. e. Encouraging olive oil intake could promote weight gain due to increased calorie intake.

e. Encouraging olive oil intake could promote weight gain due to increased calorie intake.

Which source would present the most reliable information on nutrition? a. Television news program b. Popular health magazine c. Nutrition website with sponsors d. Infomercial for nutrition products e. Registered dietitian/nutritionist

e. Registered dietitian/nutritionist

Which statement about carbohydrates is correct? a. Carbohydrate digestion concludes with absorption in the large intestine. b. Digested carbohydrate components enter the lymphatic system after absorption. c. Most carbohydrate digestion takes place in the stomach thanks to the enzyme amylase. d. Carbohydrate digestions involves the breakdown of disaccharides via maltase, sucrase, and lactase in the small intestine. e. Carbohydrates move faster than proteins but slower than fats through the digestive process.

d. Carbohydrate digestions involves the breakdown of disaccharides via maltase, sucrase, and lactase in the small intestine.

John suffers regularly from heartburn. Which of the following should he avoid? a. Eating small meals b. Drinking water between meals c. Eating lower fat meals d. Drinking a caffeinated soda e. Consuming artificial sweeteners

d. Drinking a caffeinated soda

Which secretion is matched with the correct action? a. Intrinsic factor - needed for fat absorption b. Mucus - neutralizes stomach acid c. Pepsin - breaks down starch d. Hydrochloric acid - uncoils proteins e. Bicarbonate - breaks proteins down into smaller pieces

d. Hydrochloric acid - uncoils proteins

Alcohol provies ___g of calories per gram but is not considered a nutrient

7 grams

The desire to eat pizza after watching a commercial for pizza delivery is an example of_______________

appetite

Intestinal gas is produced by_______________

bacterial fermentation

Which substance is a stomach secretion that is matched correctly with its description? a. intrinsic factor - kills bacteria b. hydrochloric acid - necessary for absorption of vitamin B12 c. thick mucus - forms a protective barrier for the stomach lining d. gastric juice - activates pepsinogen e. bile - partially digests starch

c. thick mucus - forms a protective barrier for the stomach lining

Virtually infinite amounts of energy can be stored as___________

fat cells

After being absorbed, nutrients are further metabolized in the________

liver

Most nutrients are absorbed in the___________

small intenstine

______________ regulate the release of energy from food and regulate metabolism. a. Vitamins and water b. Vitamins and minerals c. Minerals and water d. Carbohydrates and fats e. Fats and water

B. vitamins and minerals

According to the Healthy People initiatives, reducing risk of heart disease and diabetes is a higher priority than reducing risk of weight gain and obesity. a. True b. False

False

As a result of national health programs, all schools in the United States have banned candy and soda pop machines from cafeterias and hallways. a. True b. False

False

Regular physical activity of any type has little impact on reducing the incidence of degenerative diseases. a. True b. False

False

Research indicates that switching from a high-fat diet to one that is lower in fat will increase food costs. a. True b. False

False

Food labeled ______________ designates that a food has been prepared in accordance with the basic tenets of kashrut and specifies _____________ in comparison to other foods.

Kosher, nothing in regards to nutrition quality

The ___________ indicates the average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the needs of practically all healthy individuals; if there is not enough evidence to set this value, then a(n) ___________ will be set instead.

RDA, AI

__________is the medium in which all body processes take place.

Water

___________ control(s) when contents in the digestive tract move from one organ to the next.

a bolus

Which statement follows FDA guidelines? a. A label shows 10 grams of fat per serving, which means it is low-fat. b. A serving of cookies is 65 calories, which means it is low-calorie. c. A label indicates one gram of sugar per serving, which means it is sugar-free. d. A margarine is low in saturated fat, which means it reduces the risk of heart disease. e. A bran muffin has three grams of fiber per serving, which means it is a good source of fiber.

a. A label shows 10 grams of fat per serving, which means it is low-fat.

A researcher wants to study whether sugar causes hyperactivity in children. Which experiment would provide valid results? a. An experiment with an experimental group that is given sugar, and a control group that is given no sugar b. A correlational study providing different levels of sugar for different children c. An experiment with a control group that is given sugar, and an experimental group that is given no sugar. d. An epidemiological study that seeks to determine the patterns of sugar consumption in a given population e. A correlational study looking at hyperactivity in children in areas where more candy is sold

a. An experiment with an experimental group that is given sugar, and a control group that is given no sugar

Which menu item is not considered a nutrient-dense protein source? a. Turkey with skin b. Hard-boiled egg c. Black bean soup d. Grilled fish e. Peanut butter

a. Turkey with skin

Food labels list ingredients in _____________. a. descending order of predominance (by weight) b. ascending order of predominance (by weight) c. alphabetical order d. order of more commonly known ingredients to lesser-known ingredients e. order of healthfulness

a. descending order of predominance (by weight)

Most Americans look first to _____ as a source of nutrition information. a. television b. magazines c. their doctors d. research articles e. books

a. television

About half of the calories in our ancient ancestors' diet was from fruit and vegetables. a. True b. False

a. true

At least half of your daily grain servings should be from whole grains. a. True b. False

a. true

Bacteria in the large intestine break down some fibers. a. True b. False

a. true

Low fiber intake, dehydration, and a sedentary lifestyle are all causes of constipation. a. True b. False

a. true

A food label says one servings contains 300 calories, 20g of total fat, and 8g of carbohydrates. How many grams of protein does one serving contain? a. 13g b. 22g c. 32g d. 44g e. 88g

b. 22g

What of the following is an example of anabolism? a. Glucose to glucagon b. Amino acids to body proteins or fat c. Glycerol to fatty acids d. Body fat to fatty acids e. Triglycerides to glycerol

b. Amino acids to body proteins or fat

Which of the following recommendations is consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a. Reduce intake of fat and cholesterol. b. Balance the food that you eat with physical activity. c. Choose a diet with plenty of milk and meat products. d. Eat an abundance of food to ensure nutrient density. e. Continue current intake of fruits and vegetables.

b. Balance the food that you eat with physical activity.

Which of the following is a convenient tool you can use to determine approximate what a ½-cup serving size looks like? a. A clenched fist b. One cupped hand c. Two cupped hands d. The palm of a hand e. A deck of cards

b. One cupped hand

John is experiencing heartburn after eating a large meal. What digestive structure is not working properly? a. The epiglottis b. The lower esophageal sphincter c. The pyloric sphincter d. The esophagus e. The stomach

b. The lower esophageal sphincter

A nutritionist would like to recommend a daily amount of sodium to stay below to a client based on dietary reference intakes. Which DRI should be used to obtain this information? a. RDA b. UL c. EER d. AI e. EAR

b. UL

Which substance is most lacking in American diets? a. Sodium b. Calcium c. Solid fat d. Sugar e. Refined grains

b. calcium

A cereal labeled "high in calcium" indicates that one serving of the cereal provides at least 15% of the Daily Value. a. True b. False

b. false

All of the body's systems work independently of each other system to support each cell in carrying on its own life. a. True b. False

b. false

Based on a 2,000 calorie diet, a product with 60 percent of calories from fat is considered nutrient-dense. a. True b. False

b. false

Bicarbonate released in the large intestine neutralizes acidic contents from the stomach. a. True b. False

b. false

Chyme is a semi-liquid mixture that forms in the large intestine. a. True b. False

b. false

The statement that "Eating a low sodium diet may reduce risk of high blood pressure" is an example of a _____________. a. nutrient content claim b. health claim c. disease reducer d. structure-function claim e. risk statement

b. health claim

Callie walks by a bakery and smells fresh baked cookies. She decides to buy a couple and eat them right away. Her decision was most likely influenced by the _____. a. psychological drive of hunger based on advertising b. psychological creation of appetite based on smell c. psychological creation of hunger based on smell d. physiological drive of appetite based on location e. physiological drive of hunger based visual display

b. psychological creation of appetite based on smell

A healthy eating pattern is based on _____________. a. not eating and avoiding certain foods b. taking time to choose nutrient-dense foods and meals c. continuously changing research in the news media d. cutting back calories, even if this prevents one from getting all nutrients e. no alcohol, added sugar, and solid fats

b. taking time to choose nutrient-dense foods and meals

Which substances are secreted by the pancreas? a. Hydrochloric acid and mucus b. Intrinsic factor and mucus c. Bicarbonate and enzymes d. Mucus and enzymes e. Pepsin and enzymes

c. Bicarbonate and enzymes

Traditional Chinese cooking from the _____ cooking school is the best option for someone trying to lose weight by cutting down on fats. a. Hunan b. Peking c. Cantonese d. Szechwan e. Shanghai

c. Cantonese

A dietitian is consulting with a company on how to deal with their short lunch breaks and prevalence of fast food restaurants nearby. What advice would be most effective? a. Always choose fish and chicken options. b. Opt for fruit drinks over milk. c. Choose a pizza with vegetable toppings only. d. Use ranch or creamy Italian dressing on a salad. e. Opt for a Chinese buffet with no wait-time

c. Choose a pizza with vegetable toppings only.

What should you look for on the food label if you want to purchase a whole-grain bread? a. Look at the whole-wheat content percentage. b. Look at the number of grams of fiber listed on the food label. c. Look for "whole-wheat flour" listed first in the ingredient list. d. Look for "wheat flour" listed first in the ingredient list. e. Look for the words "multi-grain bread" on the front.

c. Look for "whole-wheat flour" listed first in the ingredient list.

Body systems ___________. a. function properly when the person consciously thinks about them b. compete to ensure their needs are met c. communicate through hormonal or nerve-mediated messages d. all do the same work but in different parts of the body e. need little regulation to maintain a state of health

c. communicate through hormonal or nerve-mediated messages

Starting at the mouth and moving towards the anus, what is the correct order of the organs of the GI tract? a. stomach, large intestine, small intestine, esophagus b. esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine c. esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine d. throat, stomach, small intestine, large intestine e. stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine

c. esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Which leading cause of death is not related to lifestyle choices? a. Cancer b. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis c. Influenza d. Diabetes e. Strokes

c. ifluenza

The goal of Healthy People 2020 is to _____________. a. establish nutrient recommendations b. identify leading causes of death in the United States c. set goals for the nation's health for the next 10 years d. investigate nutrition and health fraud e. motivate individuals to start physical activity

c. set goals for the nation's health for the next 10 years

From which organ of the GI tract do most of the nutrients get absorbed into the bloodstream? a. esophagus b. stomach c. small intestine d. large intestine e. rectum

c. small intestine

Michael tries to meet his daily fruit and vegetable recommendation by eating the following every day: a banana at breakfast, an apple for mid-morning snack, a salad at lunch, an apple for an afternoon snack, and green beans at dinner. Which diet-planning principle needs to be addressed? a. Moderation b. Adequacy c. Variety d. Calorie control e. Balance

c. variety

Choosing low-fat Greek yogurt with fruit over full-fat Greek yogurt with fruit is an example of _________________

calorie control

A food contains 15 grams of carbohydrate, 3 grams of protein, and 1 gram of fat. How many calories does this food provide? a. 19 calories b. 76 calories c. 79 calories d. 81 calories e. 96 calories

d. 81 calories

A dietician recommends that a youth center provide snacks for the children after school, including peanut butter on celery, apples with caramel dip, broccoli with hummus, and yogurt with whole-grain cereal bits. Snacks should vary from day to day, and should cover different food groups. Servings should be small and encourage grazing. Which recommendation would be least beneficial? a. Varying snacks daily b. Small servings c. Broccoli with hummus d. Apples with caramel dip e. Grazing

d. Apples with caramel dip

Which of the following is not a recommendation for making healthy choices when grocery shopping? a. Shop at local farmer's markets. b. Focus on shopping choosing products located along the perimeter of the store. c. Make a shopping list. d. Choose brand name products when possible. e. Review and compare labels.

d. Choose brand name products when possible.

Nutrient-dense foods are foods that _____________. a. contain a mixture of carbohydrate, protein, and fat b. are good sources of protein and iron c. are labeled "healthy" d. are rich in nutrients relative to the number of calories e. those found in nature

d. are rich in nutrients relative to the number of calories

Based on the idea of diseases of affluence, increasing the variety of available food choices in lower income countries would result in an increase in _____ across the population. a. fresh fruit and vegetable consumption b. average daily exercise times c. local produce purchases d. caloric intake e. consumption of whole-grain foods

d. caloric intake

Mechanical digestion occurs by _____. a. peristalsis b. liver c. breakdown by enzymes d. chewing e. uncoiling by hydrochloric acid

d. chewing

Identify the organ where most of the water gets absorbed into the bloodstream. a. esophagus b. stomach c. small intestine d. large intestine e. rectum

d. large intestine

The Typical American diet contains _____________. a. too few calories b. too few fruits, vegetables, and refined grains c. too many fruits, vegetables, and too much fiber d. too many calories and too much solid fat e. too few fruits, vegetables, and animal products

d. too many calories and too much solid fat

Which of the following is a correct statement about fiber in the digestive system? a. Bile emulsifies the fiber making it ready for enzyme action in the small intestine. b. Stomach acid and enzymes temporarily halt fiber digestion. c. Enzymes released by the liver enter the small intestine and break fiber into monosaccharides. d. Intrinsic factor combines with fiber in the stomach so that the fiber can be absorbed in the small intestine. e. Bacterial enzymes digest some fiber in the large intestine.

e. Bacterial enzymes digest some fiber in the large intestine.

_______________is one of the forms of malnutrition most prevalent in the United States that contributes to diabetes, heart disease, and cancers.

excess calories

_________ cause(s) an individual to take a short, quick breath that is interrupted by the epiglottis closing

hiccups

Orange juice with added calcium is an example of a____________

fortified food

________________is a protective mechanism that helps to keep the body alive.

hunger

The ____________ is responsible for sending signals that the stomach is empty and you are feeling hungry.

hypothalmus

Eating nutrient-dense foods most of the time, but enjoying a candy bar on occasion is an example____________

moderation

_________ protects the stomach from the damaging effects of the hydrochloric acid

mucus

__________are not considered nutrients but are compounds in plants that possess health-protective benefits, and__________ are vitamins and minerals that protect cells from damaging reactions.

phytochemicals, antioxidants

Making a point to eating vegetables from all five sub-groups during the week is an example of_____________________

variety

The finger-like projections on the lining of the small intestine that increase its surface area are called ________

villis

foods in a given food group in MyPlate provide similar amounts of_______________

vitamins and minerals

A report on a new health study on the nightly news is less reliable and accurate than a peer-reviewed journal article. a. True b. False

True

Hunger is a psychological drive to satisfy a craving that comes from smelling or seeing appealing food. a. True b. False

False

Increasing the abundance and availability of food in a community is the best way to ensure that citizens have healthy eating habits. a. True b. False

False

It is better to choose any seafood option over a hamburger on a fast food menu. a. True b. False

False

True or false: Protein in foods like meat, chicken, and fish does not provide direct energy but rather supplies nutrients that regulate aspects of metabolism

False

Fat stores can supply the body with energy for days, weeks, or even months when no food is eaten. a. True b. False

a. true

Helping individuals decrease their risk of lifestyle-related chronic diseases like heart disease, obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and some forms of cancer is the primary goal of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. a. True b. False

a. true

Nutrients that require less digestion and little special handling, such as simple sugars, are absorbed high in the small intestine. a. True b. False

a. true

Starch digestion begins in the mouth and is completed in the small intestine. a. True b. False

a. true

Symptoms of lactose intolerance include a bloated feeling and diarrhea. a. True b. False

a. true

The AI guidelines are used when there is not sufficient evidence to set an RDA. a. True b. False

a. true

The DRI for adult men is different from the DRI for children ages 4 through 8. a. True b. False

a. true

What is a primary objective of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a. Eat foods that lower in saturated fat and higher in fiber. b. Adjust cooking to include more trans fats rather than solid fats. c. Concentrate on specific fruits and vegetables and stick with just those. d. Switch to nutrient-dense foods that include higher levels of refined grains. e. Prevent diseases of affluence by decreasing polyunsaturated fats.

a. Eat foods that lower in saturated fat and higher in fiber

Which of the following is the correct order in which food empties the stomach? a. Liquids, carbohydrates, proteins, fats b. Fats, carbohydrates, proteins, liquids c. Protein, liquids, carbohydrates, fats d. Carbohydrates, fats, liquids, protein

a. Liquids, carbohydrates, proteins, fats

Molly has just consumed an apple. Trace the order in which the apple will move through her digestive tract. a. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine b. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, small intestine c. Stomach, pancreas, small intestine, esophagus d. Mouth, stomach, large intestine, liver, small intestine e. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine

a. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Which of the following suggests a lack of credibility in regards to a nutrition health claim or product? a. Promotional information on a supplement has no author. b. Health tips are from a website that ends in .edu or .org. c. The effects of a new diet have supporting research from several different researchers. d. Results are not guaranteed. e. A vitamin company does not use software to diagnose nutrient deficiencies.

a. Promotional information on a supplement has no author.

Based on the Healthy People 2020 initiative, what is one change that should be made in school cafeterias? a. Removing soda pop machines from the lunch room b. Adding juice options to vending machines c. Frying potatoes in saturated fats for shorter periods of time d. Reducing the number of dessert choices e. Increasing the size of vegetable servings on lunch choices

a. Removing soda pop machines from the lunch room

Which recommendation is in accordance with the Dietary Guidelines? a. Replace beverages that have added sugars with water and beverages that do not have added sugars. b. Replace nutrient-dense foods with lighter options. c. Create a set schedule to eat a small list of specific foods that are healthy. d. Choose clear liquids, which are lower in calories than other liquids. e. Increase use of refined grains and trans fats.

a. Replace beverages that have added sugars with water and beverages that do not have added sugars.

Which piece of advice is a dietitian most likely not to suggest when helping a client use MyPlate for meal planning? a. Set up structured meals with no snacking between meals. b. Let fruits and vegetables make up half of your plate. c. Switch from whole milk to 1 percent low-fat milk. d. Incorporate 30 minutes of moderate activity 5 days a week. e. Choose nutrient-dense foods that you like to eat and try new ones.

a. Set up structured meals with no snacking between meals.

Choosing primarily nutrient-dense foods will help in calorie control. a. True b. False

a. true

Choosing whole foods in place of refined food products would improve the typical American diet by increasing nutrient density and controlling calories. a. True b. False

a. true

Fat requires more time than carbohydrates to be digested in the small intestine. a. True b. False

a. true

Including iron-rich foods to get enough iron in your diet is an example of _________________________

adequacey

Which correctly states the hierarchy of components that comprise a body system? a. Cells, organs, tissues, systems b. Cells, tissues, organs, systems c. Fat tissue, muscle, organs, systems d. Cells, fat tissue, organs, systems e. Hands and feet

b. Cells, tissues, organs, systems

What would a dietitian recommend to reduce risk of developing a degenerative disease? a. Cut out one meal per day and take more vitamin supplements. b. Create an entire lifestyle change including attitude, behavior, and knowledge. c. Avoid eating all fatty foods and carbohydrates. d. Eliminate all sugar and refined grains in the diet. e. Exercise more and drink muscle-building protein shakes.

b. Create an entire lifestyle change including attitude, behavior, and knowledge.

Which nutrient enters the lymph system before entering the bloodstream? a. Water-soluble vitamins b. Fat-soluble vitamins c. Digested proteins d. Digested carbohydrates e. Absorbed alcohol

b. Fat-soluble vitamins

Individuals have little control when it comes to preventing and reducing risk for diseases of affluence. a. True b. False

b. false

Which statement about energy metabolism is correct? a. Glycogen stored in the pancreas provides a reserve supply of glucose. b. Vitamins stored in the gallbladder are released as needed. c. During an extended fast, fat reserves stored in fat cells provide energy for cellular processes. d. Liver cells hold reserves of calcium and sodium that can be drawn on to keep blood levels constant. e. Amino acids stored in the kidneys can supply protein needs on a long-term basis.

c. During an extended fast, fat reserves stored in fat cells provide energy for cellular processes.

Based on an analysis of the results of previous Healthy People initiatives, which would be a recommended area of focus within a community? a. Testing for early signs of colon cancer b. Blood pressure screening fairs c. Incentives for engaging in exercise d. Free vaccine clinic dates e. Research on the causes of stroke

c. Incentives for engaging in exercise

Larry, a 30-year-old male, is concerned about being diagnosed with diabetes because of his family history. Based on dietary recommendations, what habit would be most effective in reducing his risk? a. Reduce potassium intake from certain fruits and vegetables. b. Increase intake of dairy products that contain calcium. c. Moderate the intake of solid fats and start incorporating physical activity several times per week. d. Limit sugar intake to less than 30 percent of total daily calories. e. Increase physical activity and caloric intake of saturated fats for energy.

c. Moderate the intake of solid fats and start incorporating physical activity several times per week.

"Healthy foods don't taste good" is an example of _____________. a. an objective in Healthy People 2020 b. false advertising c. a perceived barrier to healthy eating d. a cultural factor e. media targeted to children

c. a perceived barrier to healthy eating

Kristen plans to eat one cup of cereal. She sees that one cereal shows 4 grams of fat per serving, and the other cereal has 3 grams of fat per serving. Her friend explains that this doesn't mean that 1 cup of the first cereal has more fat than 1 cup of cereal of the other cereal. What would account for this difference? a. The FDA allows different means of calculating fat grams. b. Calorie counts could be different, which causes differing levels of fat. c. Total fat is not reported on all cereals. d. The cereals could show different serving sizes. e. Nutrition labels are not regulated and could present false information.

d. The cereals could show different serving sizes.

What piece of information related to the condition of lactose intolerance is correct? a. The lack of the enzyme maltase causes lactose intolerance. b. Humans and most other mammals regularly drink milk past weaning, thus, lactose intolerance is found in many species. c. Lactose is found in milk; however, it is not present in other dairy products such as cheese and ice cream. d. The majority of the world's population experience issues digesting lactose. e. Bacterial digestion of lactose in the stomach accounts for cramps and diarrhea that accompany lactose intolerance.

d. The majority of the world's population experience issues digesting lactose.

Which organ is the first to receive nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract? a. The stomach b. The heart c. The liver d. The pancreas e. The large intestine

d. The pancreas

What is a major difference between the eating habits of our ancient ancestors and the way we eat today? a. Our much more diverse diet today accounts for our increased life expectancy. b. Our present diets, much higher in fiber, help explain the larger amounts of phytonutrients that we consume when compared to our ancestors. c. If our current diets included grains to the extent of our ancestors' diets, nearly 50 percent of recommended daily calories would be met by grain products. d. When compared to our ancestors, we expend minimal amounts of energy in obtaining our food, thus our caloric needs are much lower. e. Meat was consumed only occasionally accounting for less than 5 percent of total calories in our ancestors' diets.

d. When compared to our ancestors, we expend minimal amounts of energy in obtaining our food, thus our caloric needs are much lower.

Darren, who generally tries to eat healthy food, is in a hurry at lunch and must stop at a fast food restaurant. Which food choice would be best? a. Country-fried chicken sandwich with bacon, lettuce and tomato b. Fried fish sandwich on wheat roll with tartar sauce c. Baked skin-on chicken quarter with potatoes and gravy d. Three chicken tacos with cheese, sour cream and guacamole e. Grilled hamburger with tomato, ketchup and mustard

e. Grilled hamburger with tomato, ketchup and mustard

Rafael frequently has a case of the hiccups. What should he be told about this condition? a. Hiccups occur when muscles in the lungs develop spasms. b. The sounds associated with hiccupping originate in the stomach. c. Making a conscious effort to swallow more air may help reduce the incidence of having the hiccups. d. A health provider should be consulted if the hiccups last more than a few minutes. e. Hiccups result in a short, quick breath that is interrupted by the closing of the epiglottis.

e. Hiccups result in a short, quick breath that is interrupted by the closing of the epiglottis.

A dietitian has been hired by a school district to set up a nutrition program for breakfasts and lunches based on the DRI. According to the recommendations in the textbook, how should the program be structured? a. Place adolescents and children who are healthy in the same group. b. Determine minimum nutrition requirements by socioeconomic status. c. Check the nightly news for current research reports. d. Calculate adequate intake by determining the maximum daily intake. e. Separate individuals by groups by age and gender.

e. Separate individuals by groups by age and gender.

What layout is most typical in grocery stores? a. Lettuce and ice cream in the center aisles, and kidney beans on the left end of the store b. Fresh chicken and beef in the front of the store, and apples and pears down the last few aisles c. Tomatoes and wheat bread on the right end of the store, and chicken and fish in the center aisles d. Stewed tomatoes and canned corn in the back of the store, and milk and yogurt on end caps of center aisles e. Twelve-grain bread and skim milk around the edges of the store, and dried basil and canned soup in a center aisle

e. Twelve-grain bread and skim milk around the edges of the store, and dried basil and canned soup in a center aisle

After absorption in the small intestine, what components enter the large intestine? a. Fiber, waste product, and minerals b. Colonic bacteria, fiber, and water c. Colonic bacteria, fiber, waste product, and minerals d. Fat-soluble vitamins, fiber, and minerals e. Water, fiber, and minerals

e. Water, fiber, and minerals

Sally has several choices for lunch. Which would be the healthier option? a. a tossed green salad topped with chicken tenders and croutons b. a roast beef melt sandwich, baked potato chips, and medium soda c. a plate from an Asian buffet d. grilled chicken quesadilla with salsa, sour cream, and guacamole e. minestrone soup and salad with a vinaigrette dressing

e. minestrone soup and salad with a vinaigrette dressing