Nutrition Final Exam 1&2

Emma's usual diet provides 2000 kcal daily. To obtain 55% of her total energy intake from carbohydrates, she should consume ________ grams of carbohydrates daily.

275

which of the following statements is true?

A food's odor or appearance is not a reliable indicator of whether it is safe to eat.

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?

Addition of calcium and phosphorus to the thigh bone of a growing child

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines?

Crohn's disease

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl

Which of the following organs is the leading site for cancer deaths among American men and women?

Lung

which of the following statements is true?

Most healthy young people can use thirst as a guide to knowing when to drink water.

________ are water-soluble vitamins.

Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins?

Peanut butter on crackers

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are _______.

Placebos

A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods. If the article's author has the credentials ________ after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

RDN

Which of the following statements is true?

The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

Which of the following nutrients is a micronutrient?

Vitamin E

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

When a population's vitamin D intake decreases, the percentage of people in the population that have healthy immune systems decreases.

Shelby is a 5′ 2′′, 23-year-old woman who weighs almost 250 pounds. To lose weight, she has tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. She would like to try a surgical weight loss method that reduces the size of her stomach without the use of staples and is reversible. Her physician is likely to recommend ________.

adjustable gastric band

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

Which of the following foods is a rich source of fiber?

brown rice

The National Collegiate Athletic Association bans the use of ________ and limits the amount of the substance that athletes can have in their bodies during competition.

caffeine

Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add?

citrus fruits

Including exercise in your daily routine can reduce your risk of ________.

colon cancer

Diets that contain high amounts of red or processed meats are associated with an increased risk of developing ________.

colorectal cancer

When he prepares food, Edgar wants to use ingredients that are not high in trans fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he include in his recipes?

corn oil

Franco made dinner for his roommates. The meal included a baked cut-up chicken, fruit salad, and stir-fried rice with mixed vegetables. About 8 hours after eating dinner, Franco and his roommates experienced nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and diarrhea. Based on this information, Franco probably ________.

did not wash the knife that he used to cut up the chicken before using it to cut up the fruit

Which of the following U.S. government agencies oversees the quality of drinking water?

environmental protection agency

Which of the following U.S. government agencies regulates toxic substances and wastes to prevent their entry into foods?

environmental protection agency

Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different human population groups are conducting a(an) ________ study.

epidemiological

Ghrelin is a hormone that reduces hunger.

false

Human cells are unable to metabolize triglycerides to make ATP.

false

In 2015-2016, American's typical consumption of fish and shellfish increased compared to 1999.

false

Intracellular fluid is the fluid that surrounds cells and is in the plasma component of the bloodstream.

false

People who have diabetes prefer to use the Exchange System of menu planning instead of carbohydrate counting.

false

Vitamin K is a powerful antioxidant.

false

Imani has a "pear-shaped" body because her excess body fat is distributed mostly below her waist. Her body fat distribution is associated with ________.

fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of her body

During a dental examination, the dentist notices that the enamel on the back sides of Jamal's teeth has eroded, and the some of the teeth are decaying. Based on this information, the dentist suspects that Jamal ________.

frequently makes himself vomit after eating

The following substances were detected in a jar of baby food. Which of the substances is a not a direct food additive?

glass fragment

Which of the following substances is the primary fuel for muscles and other cells?

glucose

Dorrie wants to eat a food that is a good source of fiber and phytochemicals. Based on this information, which of the following foods would you recommend?

green beans

intracellular fluid

is within cells

The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

liver

Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate?

losing muscle mass

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ________.

night blindness

In the United States, ________ are more likely to be obese than other adults.

non-Hispanic black women

When using the MyPlate website's MyPlate Plan to plan your menus, it is not necessary to provide information about your

occupation

Which vitamin is needed to make coenzyme A?

pantothenic acid

While baking, Max wants to use an ingredient that contains healthy fat in a recipe. Which of the following fats should he use?

peanut oil

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

peanuts

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.

peptic ulcers

a gene is a _________

piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Three-year-old Jamie is a healthy, active child. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

positive

Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of ________ ions.

potassium

Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(an) ________ study.

prospective

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

raw carrots

A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study.

retrospective

Exposing milk to light can reduce its ________ content.

riboflavin

Which of the following behaviors is a known risk factor for heart disease?

smoking cigarettes

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of ________ to be digested in the mouth.

starch

Which of the following features is a characteristic of a physically fit person?

strength

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 85 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?

trace mineral

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral, one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?

trace mineral

High-density lipoproteins contain more protein than low-density lipoproteins.

true

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?

tuna fish

While at a bar, Jake drank 3 ounces of whiskey. Based on this information, Jake consumed about the same amount of alcohol that is in ________ 12-oz cans of regular beer.

two

Which of the following substances is an intentional (direct) food additive?

vitamin c