nutrition final exam
Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 is true?
Absorption from food is reduced in individuals with atrophic gastritis
which microbe produces a toxin that causes canned foods to bulge?
Clostridium botulinum
Which statement about leptin is TRUE?
Someone with a defective leptin gene will most likely be obese.
The component of energy expenditure that is easy to modify is
activity level
Which of the following statements about alcohol is true?
alcohol consumption can contribute to malnutrition
each of the following is a reason why the same food can make one person sick and not another except: -an individuals size -an individuals nutritional status -an individuals overall health -an individuals body mass composition
an individuals body mass composition
The DETERMINE checklist is used to
assess the risk of malnutrition in older adults
Below what temperature should food be refrigerated to reduce bacterial growth?
below 40 degrees
the temperature range for optimal microbial growth is
between 40 and 140 degrees F
Which organism in this diagram is most likely to contain the highest concentration of industrial contaminants?
bigger fish
People who have ________________ are typically overweight.
binge-eating disorder
the eating disorder that is characterized by being overweight is
binge-eating disorder
Which factor affects the likelihood that a contaminant will cause food-borne illness in an individual?
body size, immune system, age, dose of toxin
For which of the following is the recommended intake lower in older adults than in younger adults?
calories
Crops that are grown to be sold rather than consumed are ________
cash crops
Which of the following statements is supported by the graph?
children in the united states do not eat enough vegetables
____________ is a type of alcoholic liver disease that results in irreversible scarring.
cirrhosis
Which organism can cause food-borne intoxication and can be present in honey and home-canned foods?
clostridium botulinum
which microbe is known as the cafeteria germ?
clostridium perfringens
excess body fat increases the risk of developing which type of cancer?
colon
Fortifying _____________ will be most likely to eliminate a nutrient deficiency in a country's population.
commonly eaten foods
Which of the following dietary changes is associated with nutrition transition?
consumption of a wider variety of foods
Long-term healthy weight loss is based on all of the following principles EXCEPT _________.
eating specific combinations of foods that increase the number of calories burned
Which of the following statements about energy requirements is true?
energy needs are lower in older adults than in younger adults
Television affects the nutritional status of children by
exposing them to new snack foods, providing an environment that encourages snacking, reducing the time spent in physical activity
Clostridium botulinum is the cause of "traveler's diarrhea"
false
EER is the number of calories needed to lose weight
false
True or false: Everyone with a BMI in the overweight or obese range is at risk for weight-related health problems.
false
a food binge is the same as normal overeating
false
all microbes are pathogens
false
behavior modification has been proven to be ineffective in maintaining weight loss
false
body image is the way others perceive your body
false
cooking and freezing stops mold growth and successfully destroy toxins that might have already been produced
false
food additives are always safe for the consumer
false
food borne illness is most commonly caused by toxic chemicals that are in the foods we eat
false
irradiation activates enzymes that ripen fruits and vegetables
false
most cases of food borne illnesses are a result of contamination within the food service establishment
false
most potential energy is stored in the muscles as glycogen when we intake more food than we expend
false
organic food production eliminates the risk of food borne illness
false
refrigeration helps prevent food-borne illness by killing most bacteria
false
the HACCP plan is designed to catch contamination after it has occured
false
three pounds is the maximum amount of weigh loss that is recommended per week
false
weigh loss supplements referred to as "fat-burners" have been proven to be safe and effective
false
leptin levels rise when you lose weight
false- size of adipose sites
The method of determining body composition shown here relies on what principle to determine the amount of body fat?
fat is less dense than water
Foods on the GRAS list _______.
have been used for years without ill effect
In order to calculate a person's BMI, you need to know the person's _________.
height and weight
Excess body fat increases the risk of _______.
high blood cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, certain cancers
Which group in the U.S. population is at risk for undernutrition?
homeless people, children and women
The cycle of malnutrition can be broken by __
improving health care for children, increasing the availability of nutritious foods for adults, improving health care and nutrition for women during pregnancy
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) ___________.
includes the energy needed for kidney function and heartbeat
what is recommended for treating childhood obesity
including 60 minutes or more of moderate- intensity exercise, eating more fruits and vegetables, cutting back on sugary beverages
The potential benefits of biotechnology include all of the following except _______.
increased biodiversity
which pest control method utilizes chemical and non chemical methods?
integrated pest management (IPM)
Deficiencies of __________________ are major world health problems.
iodine, vitamin A and iron
______________ are likely to be deficient in an adolescent's diet.
iron and calcium
what is true about iron?
iron needs increase in adolescent females due to menstrual blood losses, iron deficiency is a risk in children, adolescents and older adults, iron needs increase in adolescents due to increases in muscle mass
what is another name for cold pasterurization?
irradiation
EER _______
is the amount of energy needed to maintain body weight
the following are true about modified atmosphere packaging except: -it uses plastics -it vacuum packs foods -it can be infused with oxygen gas -it can be infused with nitrogen gas
it can be infused with oxygen gas
Which of the following statements about breast-feeding is true?
it decreases risk of malnutrition in infants
Which of the following statements is true of stunting?
it is an indicator of the health and well-being of populations of children
One of the most important concerns about the use of antibiotics in food animals is that ________.
it promotes the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria
Which of the following is not true of a HACCP system?
it relies on visual food inspections
The yellow section of this graph of population growth most likely represents population growth in _______.
less-developed countries
which microbe is associated with unpasteurized dairy products and refrigerated deli meats that pregnant women are particularly at risk fr?
listeria monocytogenes
What is the major cause of food-borne illness in the United States today?
microbes
which group is least likely to develop an eating disorder?
middle-aged men
What proportion of the world's undernourished people live in the developing world?
more than nine-tenths
Glass that enters food from a broken jar is _______.
not regulated
Which product is not made from a renewable resource?
plastic bags
Which of the following is most likely to be a concern in hamburger that is cooked to well done on a grill?
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Genes
predispose a person to being overweight or not
which type of microbe can cause a degenerative brain disease?
prion
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good weight loss program?
promotes short term lifestyle changes
which bacteria most commonly contaminates chicken and eggs?
salmonella
Which of the following is not recommended for treating childhood obesity?
skipping breakfast
Which of the following could contribute to low calcium status in children and teens?
spending too little time outdoors, replacing milk with soda, being lactose intolerant, eating a vegan diet
At what step in the process shown here is recombinant DNA formed?
step 4
at what step in this process are normal prions converted into abnormal prions
step 4
What is the largest federal program designed to make sure that all Americans have access to an adequate diet?
supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP)
Which of the following statements about iron is false?
the RDA for iron is higher in a 60 year old woman than in 20 year old woman
Life expectancy refers to ______.
the average age to which people in a population live
gastric bypass involves bypassing part of the stomach and small intestine by connecting the intestine to the upper portion of the stomach which reduces food intake due to the smaller size of the stomach
true
it is believed that people who lose weight, gain it back due to the body having a specific set point, which is determined by genetics
true
salmonella is the most common cause of food borne illness in the U.S.
true
some people have "thrifty" genes, making them more efficient at using energy and storing fat
true
the sensation of satiety is a short-term response to food intake
true
the following are some of the health consequences of excess body fat except -respiratory problems -type I diabetes -high cholesterol -colon cancer
type I diabetes
visceral fat is not located
under the skin
more American's are obese today than 40 years ago because
we are eating more and moving less
The graph shows changes in body composition that occur from _________.
young adulthood to older adulthood; the decline of muscle and the increase of fat
describe the type of environment that favors bacterial growth
Bacteria can live in hotter and colder temperatures than humans, but they do best in a warm, moist, protein-rich environment
Which of the following statements about the U.S. population does this graph illustrate?
The number of people who are over age 65 is expected to more than double between 2010 and 2050.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
a normal body weight
what are some characteristics of anorexia nervosa?
a preoccupation with food, fear of gaining weight, an abnormal menstrual cycle, a distorted body image
This chart most likely shows the distribution of energy expenditure in which of the following people?
a young adult who works out for 90 minutes a day
Which of the following is/are part of our obesogenic environment?
conveniences that reduce the amount of energy we expend in activities of daily living, the large portions offered at restaurants, convenience stores open 24 hours a day, advertisements for high-calorie foods
Pathogenic bacteria are killed by ______
cooking
Raw hamburger patties are taken to the grill on a platter. After being cooked, they are returned to the unwashed platter and served. This is an example of ________.
cross-contamination
Based on the pie chart, which types of infections cause the greatest number of deaths among children under age 5?
diarrhea and respiratory infections
we feel hungry about the same time every day
due to the presence of ghrelin
a high BMI is not associated with an increased health risk when
the person exercises regularly and eats healthy
weight loss is not recommended for someone with a BMI above the healthy range if
they do not have any of the health risks associated with excess body fat and have a healthy lifestyle
pesticides do all the of the following except: -they increase yields -they do not impact appearance -they extend the shelf life -they prevent plant disease
they do not impact appearance
Which statement about the type of body fat labeled by the letter A is FALSE?
this type of fat storage can be reduced by eating grapefruit
"thin is in" is one of the factors that contribute to the higher incidence of eating disorders among women than among men
true
Trichinella Spiralis is most commonly associated with pork products
true
True or false: It is possible for someone who is 50 lb overweight to be in energy balance.
true
Viruses turn our cells into virus producing factories.
true
