nutrition final exam

Which of the following statements about vitamin B12 is true?

Absorption from food is reduced in individuals with atrophic gastritis

which microbe produces a toxin that causes canned foods to bulge?

Clostridium botulinum

Which statement about leptin is TRUE?

Someone with a defective leptin gene will most likely be obese.

The component of energy expenditure that is easy to modify is

activity level

Which of the following statements about alcohol is true?

alcohol consumption can contribute to malnutrition

each of the following is a reason why the same food can make one person sick and not another except: -an individuals size -an individuals nutritional status -an individuals overall health -an individuals body mass composition

an individuals body mass composition

The DETERMINE checklist is used to

assess the risk of malnutrition in older adults

Below what temperature should food be refrigerated to reduce bacterial growth?

below 40 degrees

the temperature range for optimal microbial growth is

between 40 and 140 degrees F

Which organism in this diagram is most likely to contain the highest concentration of industrial contaminants?

bigger fish

People who have ________________ are typically overweight.

binge-eating disorder

the eating disorder that is characterized by being overweight is

binge-eating disorder

Which factor affects the likelihood that a contaminant will cause food-borne illness in an individual?

body size, immune system, age, dose of toxin

For which of the following is the recommended intake lower in older adults than in younger adults?

calories

Crops that are grown to be sold rather than consumed are ________

cash crops

Which of the following statements is supported by the graph?

children in the united states do not eat enough vegetables

____________ is a type of alcoholic liver disease that results in irreversible scarring.

cirrhosis

Which organism can cause food-borne intoxication and can be present in honey and home-canned foods?

clostridium botulinum

which microbe is known as the cafeteria germ?

clostridium perfringens

excess body fat increases the risk of developing which type of cancer?

colon

Fortifying _____________ will be most likely to eliminate a nutrient deficiency in a country's population.

commonly eaten foods

Which of the following dietary changes is associated with nutrition transition?

consumption of a wider variety of foods

Long-term healthy weight loss is based on all of the following principles EXCEPT _________.

eating specific combinations of foods that increase the number of calories burned

Which of the following statements about energy requirements is true?

energy needs are lower in older adults than in younger adults

Television affects the nutritional status of children by

exposing them to new snack foods, providing an environment that encourages snacking, reducing the time spent in physical activity

Clostridium botulinum is the cause of "traveler's diarrhea"

false

EER is the number of calories needed to lose weight

false

True or false: Everyone with a BMI in the overweight or obese range is at risk for weight-related health problems.

false

a food binge is the same as normal overeating

false

all microbes are pathogens

false

behavior modification has been proven to be ineffective in maintaining weight loss

false

body image is the way others perceive your body

false

cooking and freezing stops mold growth and successfully destroy toxins that might have already been produced

false

food additives are always safe for the consumer

false

food borne illness is most commonly caused by toxic chemicals that are in the foods we eat

false

irradiation activates enzymes that ripen fruits and vegetables

false

most cases of food borne illnesses are a result of contamination within the food service establishment

false

most potential energy is stored in the muscles as glycogen when we intake more food than we expend

false

organic food production eliminates the risk of food borne illness

false

refrigeration helps prevent food-borne illness by killing most bacteria

false

the HACCP plan is designed to catch contamination after it has occured

false

three pounds is the maximum amount of weigh loss that is recommended per week

false

weigh loss supplements referred to as "fat-burners" have been proven to be safe and effective

false

leptin levels rise when you lose weight

false- size of adipose sites

The method of determining body composition shown here relies on what principle to determine the amount of body fat?

fat is less dense than water

Foods on the GRAS list _______.

have been used for years without ill effect

In order to calculate a person's BMI, you need to know the person's _________.

height and weight

Excess body fat increases the risk of _______.

high blood cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, certain cancers

Which group in the U.S. population is at risk for undernutrition?

homeless people, children and women

The cycle of malnutrition can be broken by __

improving health care for children, increasing the availability of nutritious foods for adults, improving health care and nutrition for women during pregnancy

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) ___________.

includes the energy needed for kidney function and heartbeat

what is recommended for treating childhood obesity

including 60 minutes or more of moderate- intensity exercise, eating more fruits and vegetables, cutting back on sugary beverages

The potential benefits of biotechnology include all of the following except _______.

increased biodiversity

which pest control method utilizes chemical and non chemical methods?

integrated pest management (IPM)

Deficiencies of __________________ are major world health problems.

iodine, vitamin A and iron

______________ are likely to be deficient in an adolescent's diet.

iron and calcium

what is true about iron?

iron needs increase in adolescent females due to menstrual blood losses, iron deficiency is a risk in children, adolescents and older adults, iron needs increase in adolescents due to increases in muscle mass

what is another name for cold pasterurization?

irradiation

EER _______

is the amount of energy needed to maintain body weight

the following are true about modified atmosphere packaging except: -it uses plastics -it vacuum packs foods -it can be infused with oxygen gas -it can be infused with nitrogen gas

it can be infused with oxygen gas

Which of the following statements about breast-feeding is true?

it decreases risk of malnutrition in infants

Which of the following statements is true of stunting?

it is an indicator of the health and well-being of populations of children

One of the most important concerns about the use of antibiotics in food animals is that ________.

it promotes the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria

Which of the following is not true of a HACCP system?

it relies on visual food inspections

The yellow section of this graph of population growth most likely represents population growth in _______.

less-developed countries

which microbe is associated with unpasteurized dairy products and refrigerated deli meats that pregnant women are particularly at risk fr?

listeria monocytogenes

What is the major cause of food-borne illness in the United States today?

microbes

which group is least likely to develop an eating disorder?

middle-aged men

What proportion of the world's undernourished people live in the developing world?

more than nine-tenths

Glass that enters food from a broken jar is _______.

not regulated

Which product is not made from a renewable resource?

plastic bags

Which of the following is most likely to be a concern in hamburger that is cooked to well done on a grill?

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Genes

predispose a person to being overweight or not

which type of microbe can cause a degenerative brain disease?

prion

which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good weight loss program?

promotes short term lifestyle changes

which bacteria most commonly contaminates chicken and eggs?

salmonella

Which of the following is not recommended for treating childhood obesity?

skipping breakfast

Which of the following could contribute to low calcium status in children and teens?

spending too little time outdoors, replacing milk with soda, being lactose intolerant, eating a vegan diet

At what step in the process shown here is recombinant DNA formed?

step 4

at what step in this process are normal prions converted into abnormal prions

step 4

What is the largest federal program designed to make sure that all Americans have access to an adequate diet?

supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP)

Which of the following statements about iron is false?

the RDA for iron is higher in a 60 year old woman than in 20 year old woman

Life expectancy refers to ______.

the average age to which people in a population live

gastric bypass involves bypassing part of the stomach and small intestine by connecting the intestine to the upper portion of the stomach which reduces food intake due to the smaller size of the stomach

true

it is believed that people who lose weight, gain it back due to the body having a specific set point, which is determined by genetics

true

salmonella is the most common cause of food borne illness in the U.S.

true

some people have "thrifty" genes, making them more efficient at using energy and storing fat

true

the sensation of satiety is a short-term response to food intake

true

the following are some of the health consequences of excess body fat except -respiratory problems -type I diabetes -high cholesterol -colon cancer

type I diabetes

visceral fat is not located

under the skin

more American's are obese today than 40 years ago because

we are eating more and moving less

The graph shows changes in body composition that occur from _________.

young adulthood to older adulthood; the decline of muscle and the increase of fat

describe the type of environment that favors bacterial growth

Bacteria can live in hotter and colder temperatures than humans, but they do best in a warm, moist, protein-rich environment

Which of the following statements about the U.S. population does this graph illustrate?

The number of people who are over age 65 is expected to more than double between 2010 and 2050.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

a normal body weight

what are some characteristics of anorexia nervosa?

a preoccupation with food, fear of gaining weight, an abnormal menstrual cycle, a distorted body image

This chart most likely shows the distribution of energy expenditure in which of the following people?

a young adult who works out for 90 minutes a day

Which of the following is/are part of our obesogenic environment?

conveniences that reduce the amount of energy we expend in activities of daily living, the large portions offered at restaurants, convenience stores open 24 hours a day, advertisements for high-calorie foods

Pathogenic bacteria are killed by ______

cooking

Raw hamburger patties are taken to the grill on a platter. After being cooked, they are returned to the unwashed platter and served. This is an example of ________.

cross-contamination

Based on the pie chart, which types of infections cause the greatest number of deaths among children under age 5?

diarrhea and respiratory infections

we feel hungry about the same time every day

due to the presence of ghrelin

a high BMI is not associated with an increased health risk when

the person exercises regularly and eats healthy

weight loss is not recommended for someone with a BMI above the healthy range if

they do not have any of the health risks associated with excess body fat and have a healthy lifestyle

pesticides do all the of the following except: -they increase yields -they do not impact appearance -they extend the shelf life -they prevent plant disease

they do not impact appearance

Which statement about the type of body fat labeled by the letter A is FALSE?

this type of fat storage can be reduced by eating grapefruit

"thin is in" is one of the factors that contribute to the higher incidence of eating disorders among women than among men

true

Trichinella Spiralis is most commonly associated with pork products

true

True or false: It is possible for someone who is 50 lb overweight to be in energy balance.

true

Viruses turn our cells into virus producing factories.

true