nutrition final

Felicia wants to meet the MyPlate recommendation for daily consumption of dairy products, which is 3 cups of dairy products. According to the USDA, how much plain yogurt should she eat to replace 1 cup of milk?

1 cup

Table sugar is nearly _____ carbohydrate.

100%

According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young adults is approximately _____ cups/day.

11 to 15.5

According to the Nutrition Facts panel on a can of beans, one serving of the legumes supplies 6 g of protein. The DV for protein is 50 g. Estimate the %DV for protein in a serving of the beans.

12%

Elisa weighs 62 kg, which is approximately _____ pounds

136

The USDA recommends that a beef steak be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________.

145 degrees

The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________.

145 degrees

Zoe is due to give birth to a girl in November. Before she became pregnant, Zoe weighed 168 pounds, which was in the overweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

15 to 25

The USDA recommends that fresh ground meat be cooked until its internal temperature is at least ________.

160 degrees

According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches a minimum of ________.

165 degrees

Three-year-old Amanda does not like to drink milk, but she loves pudding made with fat-free milk. MyPlate recommends that Amanda should consume 2 cups of dairy products daily. According to the USDA, Amanda can meet this recommendation by consuming ____ cups of pudding daily.

2

Donovan wants to consume 3 cups of dairy products daily. According to the USDA, which of the following foods should he eat to replace 1 cup of milk?

2 cups of cottage cheese

Angie is due to give birth to a boy in June. Before she became pregnant, Angie weighed 215 pounds, which was in the obese BMI range. According to her physician, she should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

20

Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ____ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly.

20

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to ______ mg/day.

2300

A serving of food contains 20 g fat, 2 g protein, 5 g carbohydrate, 5 g alcohol, and 1000 mg potassium. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _____ kcal.

243

A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal.

3500

Alex is a competitive endurance athlete who weighs 90 kg. He would like to plan a nutritionally adequate diet that provides enough carbohydrate to maintain his weight and glycogen stores during training. According to expert recommendations, he should consume _____ grams of carbohydrate daily while in training.

540-900

Gloria is a healthy 25-year-old woman. According to recommendations of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, she should perform _____ strengthening activities that focus on major muscle groups at least twice a week.

8 to 10

Which of the following practices is an example of integrative health care?

A physician who treats a patient's back pain with cortisone injections and massage therapy.

_____ is the primary source of direct energy ("energy currency") for cells.

ATP

_____ limits the amount of food a person can eat at one time

Bariatric surgery

Abe wants to use canned or frozen peaches to make a dessert. While shopping for the fruit, how can he determine which kind has the least sugar per serving?

By comparing sugar content information that is listed in the Nutrition Facts panels

Which of the following menu items has major ingredients that represent four different MyPlate food groups?

Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese

Trevor enjoys cooking chicken, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices do not result in cross contamination. What should he avoid doing?

Cleaning the plate used to carry the chicken to the grill with a paper towel before using it for serving raw vegetables.

Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices?

Close friends

The toxin produced by _____ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing and even death.

Clostridium botulinum

Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain ________.

Clostridium botulinum spores

Which of the following safety steps should you take if your home experiences a loss of electricity that lasts for several days?

Cook foods and boil water on a charcoal grill that is outdoors

Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system?

DHA

A nutrition scientist wants to develop a nutritionally complete formula diet for adults who are healthy but need to avoid solid food for awhile. Based on this information, she is likely to refer to _____ when developing the new formula.

DRI's

Which of the following standards can help you compare nutrient contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices?

DVs

After a tornado outbreak, Marie's house was damaged and her neighborhood experienced a power outage that lasted three days. Which of the following steps should she take to avoid food-borne illness during the loss of electricity?

Do not eat raw or cooked foods that have been at room temperature for more than 2 hours

Which of the following conditions is a major cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States?

Eclampsia

_____ is a direct (intentional) food additive.

FD&C Red No. 40

Alex is concerned about the safety of the bottled water he prefers to drink. Which of the following agencies should he contact to learn more about the safety of his bottled water?

FDA

The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

FDA

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the ________.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Which of the following foods is the least expensive per ounce?

Frozen sliced peaches at $2.69 per 18-ounce bag

Which of the following statements about fruits and/or vegetables is false?

Fruit juices provide more fiber than whole fruit.

_____ can be classified as a dietary supplement.

Ginkgo biloba

Which of the following foods is naturally a source of phytochemicals?

Grapes

Which of the following conditions decreases a person's metabolic rate?

Having a lower than normal level of thyroid hormone

Which of the following practices is an example of integrative health care?

Having psychological counseling and taking St. John's wort to improve mood

Many sports organizations, including the National Collegiate Athletic Association, have banned the use of _____ by athletes.

anabolic steroids

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed _____ as a result.

anaphylactic shock

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitamin is an ________.

anecdote

Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas?

antibodies

A substance that can protect a person's cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain harmful factors is a (an) ________.

antioxidant

An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

antioxidant

Pathogens ________.

are disease-causing agents

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

avacado

Women who are trying to become pregnant or are pregnant should ________.

avoid all forms of alcohol

Which of the following foods is often recommended as the first solid food for infants?

baby cereal

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his mouth cannot ________.

begin starch digestion

While Aaron was at a party, he drank too much alcohol. The following morning, he had a headache and his mouth felt very dry. Based on this information, Aaron was ________.

being affected by the dehydration that resulted from drinking alcohol

Deep yellow, dark green and orange fruits and vegetables are rich sources of ________.

beta-carotene

The liver recycles bile salts to make new ________.

bile

The liver uses cholesterol to make ________.

bile

When Leah parties with her friends, she usually drinks 6 beers during a 2-hour party. At this level of alcohol consumption, she is ________.

binge drinker

_____ can be classified as a dietary supplement.

bitter orange

Which of the following conditions is often associated with the abuse of anabolic steroids?

bloody liver cysts

According to the "set-point theory," a person's ________.

body fat level is genetically determined and difficult to alter

The _____ is based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat.

body mass index

Home-canned low-acid foods, such as beans and corn, may be contaminated with Clostridium botulinum, a bacterium that produces a dangerous toxin. To destroy the toxin, the food should be ________.

boiled for 10 minutes before tasting or eating

Which of the following practices is the most reliable way of sanitizing impure water?

boiling the water

In the United States, most ________.

boys begin puberty when they are between 10 to 12 years of age

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

brain

A primary function of the digestive system is the ________.

breakdown of food into nutrients

Kari is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula-feed her new baby. To encourage Kari to breastfeed, you provide some factual information by telling her that ________.

breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy

Geoff wants to lower his risk of cancer. According to scientific studies, consuming ____ may decrease his risk of this chronic disease.

broccoli

Which of the following activities is an aspect of basal metabolism?

building bone tissue

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of ________.

butter and beef

MyPlate

can be individualized to meet a person's food preferences

Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they ________.

can sit up with some back support

Brett eats _____ to increase his intake of omega-3 fatty acids.

canned sardines

A team of scientists extracts a chemical that they call "Zombia" from the leaves of a common houseplant. One of the scientists would like to market Zombia as a dietary supplement because it makes people sleepy, when it is injected into them. Based on this information, Zombia ________.

cannot be marketed as a dietary supplement

Generally, epidemiological studies ________.

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

Most forms of _____ are a source of energy for cells.

carbohydrate

The complete oxidation of glucose releases energy and results in the formation of ________.

carbon dioxide and water

By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of ________.

cardiovascular disease

Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a high risk of ________.

cardiovascular disease

Scientists study 200 adults who have type 2 diabetes and 200 adults who have similar characteristics but do not have the disease. For 18 months, the researchers collect lifestyle information on all the study participants. According to the study's findings, the adults with type 2 diabetes were 25% less physically active than their counterparts who did not have type 2 diabetes. This is an example of a(n) _____ study.

case-control

The ____ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

cell

Including exercise in your daily routine can reduce your risk of ________.

certain cancers

Jeremy would like to know the amount of vitamin C that is recommended for his life/stage group. He can obtain this information by

checking the RDA table for vitamin C.

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Americans consumed more ____ in 2010 than in 1970.

cheese

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Americans consumed more ____ in 2010 than in 1970.

chicken

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, _____ should be consumed in amounts that are as low as possible.

cholesterol

Which of the following characteristics is a risk factor for hypertension?

cigarette smoking

Basal metabolism includes energy needs for ________.

circulating blood

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is ________.

circulation of blood throughout the body

Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the _____ system.

circulatory

Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add?

citrus fruits

_____ are vermin that often transmit pathogens to food.

cockroaches

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce ________.

colostrum

Having a control group enables researchers to ________.

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

Heart disease

Which of the following statements about human milk is false?

Human milk is a rich source of vitamin D.

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

A physician who hosts a popular TV show makes several nutrition-related claims during one of the programs. Which of the doctor's claims is a "red flag" of unreliable information?

Kava cures migraine headaches.

____ is an example of an food that supplies a lot of empty calories.

Lite beer

How can you tell if a food has been irradiated to preserve it?

Look for the Radura symbol on the package

You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish, Islamic, and Mormon religions. Which of the following menu items would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

Meatless bean dip

What is physical activity?

Movement that results from contracting skeletal muscles

Before she shops for groceries, Terry plans several nutritionally adequate daily menus for her family. Which of the following guides is the best menu-planning tool for her to use?

MyPlate

While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these involuntary movements is classified as ________.

NEAT

Sari would like to compare amounts of polyunsaturated fat in two brands of canned tuna. She should read the ___ on each product's label.

Nutrition Facts panel

Which of the following amino acids is a dietary essential?

Phenylalanine

Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy for human cells?

Protein

The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.

RDA

Mariyah loves leafy green salads, so which of the following items should she add to the salads to increase their calcium content?

Raw, shredded bok choy

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ________

consuming foods that contain gluten

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be

converted into fat and stored

Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight?

corn oil

Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic?

cycling

The body uses cholesterol to make vitamin ____.

d

Dehydration can cause ________.

death

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ________.

decrease her usual daily energy intake

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________.

dehydration

Hannah is in her 5th month of pregnancy. Her diet is poor because she rarely pays attention to her food choices, and she eats a limited variety of foods that she likes. Hannah was described as "undernourished" by her physician. Based on this information, Hannah is likely to ________.

deliver a baby who has breathing difficulties

Most people who suffer from anorexia nervosa ________

deny they are too thin

Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in _________.

deposition of calcium in soft tissues

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include _________.

dermatitis

You would like to make chicken soup for a friend who has celiac disease. To make the soup according to the recipe, you need to cook chicken, celery, onions, barley, salt, pepper, bay leaf, and carrots in a large amount of water. Based on this information, how can you make the soup safe for your friend to eat?

Replace the barley with rice

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use to identify lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of liver cancer in an adult population?

Retrospective study

Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein?

Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes

One day, Hillary consumed a handful of peanuts, a bowl of chocolate pudding, a sugar-sweetened soft drink, and three hard-cooked eggs. Which of these foods contains a lot of empty calories and is not a member of one of the USDA's major food groups?

Soft drink

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving?

Soy milk

For 5 years, Michael ate only plant foods. He recently developed numbness in his feet and a sore swollen tongue. A few days after he added eggs and milk to his diet, his tongue healed and the numbness in his feet stopped bothering him. Based on this information, Michael probably ________.

developed a nutrient deficiency disorder that was cured by the eating animal foods

Steve has pancreatic cancer. As a result of the disease, Steve has a high risk of

diabetes mellitus.

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

dietsnomore4u.com

Pancreatic amylase

digests starch in the small intestine.

Researchers at a major American university plan a 10-year study involving 25,000 adults who will follow their usual lifestyles while they participate in the study. One of the main goals of this particular scientific investigation is to determine lifestyle factors that contribute to stomach cancer. Which of the following activities is likely to be a component of their research efforts?

Submitting an article describing the results of the study to a peer-reviewed journal

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans?

Sugar

_____ includes farming techniques that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment.

Sustainable agriculture

A magazine advertisement for a weight loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________.

disclaimer

Which of the following physical activities is not aerobic?

driving a car

Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity?

e

A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of an oven cleaning solution. Based on this information, the food is ________.

egg white

Food guides generally do not group _____ with dairy foods.

eggs

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?

eggs

Iron, calcium, and carbon are ________.

elements

Phosphorus, potassium, and sodium are ________.

elements

An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.

enzyme

The Food and Drug Administration has not approved _____ for production, sale, or use in the United States.

ephedra

A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a (an) _____ study.

epidemiological

The Exchange System allows you to

estimate your carbohydrate intake.

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to ________.

exercise, on average, for 60 minutes daily

The sides of the tongue have taste buds that are only able to detect sweet-tasting items.

false

When cells have more glucose than they need energy, they may convert some of the excess into

fat

Which of the following foods provides the most carbohydrate per 4-ounce serving?

fat free milk

An amino acid does not contain a(an) ________

fatty acid

Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with ________.

fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

flaxseeds

Which of the following features is a characteristic of a physically fit person?

flexibility

Pregnant women generally need to take a dietary supplement that contains ________.

folic acid

Which of the following U.S. government agencies enforces federal food safety laws?

food and drug administration

Which of the following substances is a simple sugar?

fructose

Which of the following diets does not provide enough high-quality proteins to support a child's growth?

fruititarian

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has ________.

gallstones

A new weight loss program includes recommendations that are likely to be unsafe and not result in long-term weight loss and maintenance. Which of the following recommendations is a component of this particular weight loss program?

The person only eats foods that begin with the letters R, K, and M.

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop ________.

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Obese women have a higher risk of developing _____ during pregnancy than pregnant women who are not obese.

gestational diabetes

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is likely to

give birth to a baby that has birth defects

Erika has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Erika tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 260 mg/dl. Based on this information, Erika should

give herself a specific dose of insulin.

The starch in rice and potatoes is composed of _____ molecules.

glucose

Muscles store ____, the immediate source of glucose for contracting muscles.

glycogen

An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program ________.

gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities

Dorrie wants to eat a food that is a good source of fiber and phytochemicals. Based on this information, which of the following foods would you recommend?

green beans

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

ground beef

Females involved in competitive sports, especially _____, are at risk of the female athlete triad.

gymnastics

Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most carbohydrate?

hard cycling for an hour

Jason is a college football player who works out for 60 minutes per day, at least 5 days a week. He weighs 230 pounds, and his BMI is 23.7. According to this information, Jason ________.

has more lean that fat tissue

Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should ________.

have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?

hdl

Mario is a 7-year-old boy whose BMI-for-age is in the 75th percentile. According to this information, Mario's weight is ________.

healthy for his age

Cells release much of the energy stored in macronutrients as ________.

heat

The process of pasteurization involves the use of ________.

heat to kill pathogens

In the body, certain lipids ________.

help maintain cell membranes

Pregnant women who develop gestational diabetes are more likely to give birth to ______ infants than pregnant women who do not have this condition.

high birth weight

During her first pregnancy, Britt was unable to stop smoking. Based on this information, her baby has a ________.

high risk of becoming an obese child

The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the

highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily.

Having high blood levels of _____ may increase a person's risk of CVD.

homocysteine

Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.

hormones

Consuming a high-sodium diet can increase the risk of ________.

hypertension

People with BMIs of 25 or more have greater risks of _____ than people with BMIs in the healthy range.

hypertension

Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

hypertension

Extracellular water ________.

includes plasma and tissue fluid

Erin is following a safe and medically sound weight loss program to lose 20 pounds. According to this information, her program ________.

includes regular physical exercise

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should

increase her intake of fiber-rich foods.

In the United States, _____ deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency.

iron

Bethany consumes a very-low-carbohydrate diet that supplies less than 100 g of carbohydrate daily, but she eats high amounts of meat and fat. As a result of her diet, Bethany's cells form more _____ than normal.

ketone bodies

Betty has type 2 diabetes, and she has difficulty keeping her fasting blood glucose level under 180 mg/dl. Based on this information, Betty has a high risk of

kidney failure

The liver can convert _____ into glucose that can be released into the bloodstream or stored as glycogen.

lactate

A 25-year-old woman is producing breast milk. She is in which life stage?

lactation

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter ________.

lacteals within the villi

Which of the following carbohydrates is in plain, fat-free milk?

lactose

Caden develops intestinal cramps and gas after he drinks more than a half cup of milk. He can eat yogurt and cheese without any discomfort. Based on this information, Caden probably has

lactose intolerance.

Feces form in the ________.

large intestine

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

leafy green veggies

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and ________.

learning ways to manage stress effectively

Bernice is a vegan. Which of the following foods does she eat to supply her diet with protein?

legumes

Human milk is naturally a rich source of ________.

lipids

A chylomicron is a type of ________.

lipoprotein

Which of the following organs is the main site for detoxifying alcohol?

liver

Which of the following organs relies on enterohepatic circulation to recycle bile salts?

liver

According to "wear and tear" theories of aging,

longevity results when the body continues to repair the damage that occurs from a lifetime of exposures and experiences.

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness

lose weight rapidly

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she ________.

loss of excess body fat

Iodine is necessary for ________.

maintaining normal thyroid function

A group of registered dietitian nutritionists is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behavior. At first, the researchers will ________.

make observations

Routine vitamin C supplementation _________.

may reduce the duration of cold symptoms by a day or so

A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________.

measles

The typical American eats more protein from _____ than he or she did in the early 1900s.

meat

During a natural disaster, it is safe to drink the water from ________.

melted ice cubes that are in the freezer

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of _____ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.

metabolic syndrome

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

metabolism

You have a high risk of developing traveler's diarrhea when you visit ________.

mexico city, mexico

Lactose is the disaccharide in

milk

_____ are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of cells because most of the energy stored in macronutrients is released in them.

mitocondria

Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to eat ________.

more sugar sweetened beverages

The process of digesting food begins in the ________.

mouth

An essential nutrient ________.

must be supplied by the diet

Megadoses of ____ may be used to reduce elevated LDL cholesterol levels.

niacin

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ________.

night blindness

____ infection is the most common food-borne illness in the United States

norovirus

High intakes of vitamin A during pregnancy can cause birth defects. This is an example of ________.

nutrigenomics

Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of MyPlate?

oils

In the United States, food insecurity is most likely to affect ________.

older adults on fixed incomes

An _____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

organ

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of _________.

osteomalacia

Which of the following hormones acts to increase calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium excretion?

parathyroid hormone

Which of the following foods would be a nutritious low-fat, high-carbohydrate food for an athlete?

pasta with fresh veggies

Harold grows apple trees on his small farm. He practices organic farming methods, so he does not use pesticides. This fall, he would like to make minimally-processed organic apple juice that does not contain preservatives. He wants to sell the beverage at the local farmer's market. Based on this information, Harold should _____ before bottling the juice to make it safe for consumers.

pasteurize the juice

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins?

peanut butter on crackers

Which of the following foods are legumes?

peanuts

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?

peanuts

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.

peptic ulcers

Physical fitness may be defined as the ability to ________.

perform moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity for a reasonable amount of time without becoming excessively tired

Vitamin D helps the body absorb ________.

phosphorus and calcium

You are planning a party for a group of friends. Which of the following foods can you serve to everyone at the party, without having to worry about your friend who has celiac disease?

pieces of fresh fruit

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are

placebos

The _____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.

placenta

Which of the following foods is the richest source of bioavailable calcium per one cup serving?

plain yogurt

A person's _____ is not a major influence for his or her food selection practices.

political beliefs

A 10-month old baby whose diet is low in fat has ____, which is a sign of an essential fatty acid deficiency.

poor growth

Which of the following foods is a source of cholesterol?

pork steak

In general, fresh fruits and vegetables are good sources of ________.

potassium

Which of the following nutrients helps the body maintain normal fluid balance?

potassium

While at a garage sale, Jenna purchased a set of used plastic baby bottles. She noticed the symbol "7" in a triangle on the bottom of the bottles. What would you tell her concerning the use of these bottles to feed her baby?

These bottles should not be used because they probably contain bisphenol A.

A scientist isolates a water-soluble compound from spider venom. The substance has nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in its chemical structure. Based on this information, the compound is probably a ________.

protein

In the body, fat ________.

provide insulation against cold temperatures

In the body, fat ________.

provides energy

Glucagon

raises blood glucose levels

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

raw carrots

Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella?

raw chicken

Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids?

red cabbage

According to the main nutrition-related goal of Healthy People 2020, Americans should ________.

reduce the risk of chronic diseases by consuming a healthy diet

Conditions associated with the female athlete triad include ________.

reduced bone mineral density

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ____ study.

retrospective

Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Issac has a high risk of _________.

rickets

Eating a high-salt diet increases people's chances of developing high blood pressure. Thus, a diet that supplies excessive amounts of salt is a ____ for high blood pressure.

risk factor

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

roast pork

Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.

saliva production

During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ________.

scare tactic

Blake is a college student whose diet consists primarily of refined white bread, chicken, meat, cheese, yogurt, and milk. Furthermore, he doesn't take dietary supplements. Based on this information, Blake has a high risk of developing _________.

scurvy

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.

semisolid food in a baby bottle

Chyme is the ________.

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Hillary consumed 3 servings of an orange-flavored sugar-sweetened soft drink that provided 140 kcal/serving. This amount of the beverage

should be considered a source of empty calories.

Calcitonin ________.

signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood

Pickled foods, canned soups, soy sauce, and deli (luncheon) meats contain high amounts of ________.

sodium

After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting to avoid gaining weight. Based on this information, you would expect to notice _____ as a sign of her purging behavior.

sores on her knuckles

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

starch

Michelle's weekly exercise program includes stair stepping, static stretching, cycling, and push-ups. Which of these activities is generally classified as a flexibility exercise?

static stretching

The body uses cholesterol to make ________.

steroid hormones

During digestion, which of the following substances denatures the proteins in food?

stomach acid

Most of the people living in a small South African village have access to nutritious foods. Soon after their birth, 10 infants in the village developed severe diarrhea, which resulted in dehydration. After questioning the infants' parents, local public health officials were able to determine the cause of the diarrhea. Based on the officials' findings, the parents were advised to ________.

stop diluting the babies' formula with local well water

Adipose cells ________.

store triglycerides

The primary function of an adipose cell is ________.

storing fat

_____ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises.

subcutaneous

"Cellulite" is ________.

subcutaneous adipose tissue that gives skin a lumpy appearance

Which of the following foods or beverages is a major source of added sugars in American diets?

sugar sweetened soft drinks

Of the following foods, which is the best source of essential amino acids?

sunflower seeds

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?

sweet potatoes

In the United States, the practice of fortifying _____ with iodide has reduced the risk of goiter.

table salt

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing a dietary supplement containing a substance from dandelions for weight loss. Her endorsement is an example of a(n) ________.

testimonial

During pregnancy, edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if ________.

the swelling is accompanied by severe hypertension and protein in the urine

Which of the following nutrients cannot be metabolized for ATP production?

thiamin

The RDA for iron is 8 mg and 18 mg, for young men and women, respectively. Based on this information, iron is a ____ mineral.

trace

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines, _____ should be consumed in amounts that are as low as possible.

trans fat

In the human body, water is involved in ________.

transporting substances

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?

tuna fish

People who exercise regularly can reduce their risk of ________.

type 2 diabetes

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

type 2 diabetes

Today, Sean only ate three sandwiches made with whole-grain buns, 3 slices of cheese, and 10 ounces of roast beef. He also drank 3 cups of orange juice. According to MyPlate, he ate nothing from the food group that includes

vegetables.

A farmer in Iowa wants to control crop pests by using integrated pest management techniques. Based on this information, the farmer will use ________.

viruses that attack a variety of weeds

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from ________.

vitamin A deficiency

Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism?

vitamin b12

Dorothy is a 65-year-old woman with pernicious anemia. What treatment would her doctor recommend?

vitamin b12 injections

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?

Trypsin

Jared is a vegan (total vegetarian). He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of ________.

vitamin c

The typical vegetarian diet supplies high amounts of ________.

vitamin c

Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults?

vitamin e

In the United States, newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____.

vitamin k

Which of the following physical activities metabolizes the most fat?

walking for an hour

When following recipes, Candice wants to use a type of fat that is not a solid fat. Which of the following fats should she use?

walnut oil

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary ________.

water conservation

Excess fluid consumption can result in a condition called _________.

water intoxication

Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. Near the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of feeling sleepy and having nausea. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from ________.

water intoxication

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin C?

white potato

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?

white rice

Which of the following foods is not a good source of thiamin?

whole milk

Infants _____ have a high risk of obesity

whose mothers are obese

Which of the following menu items has major ingredients that represent three different MyPlate food groups?

Vanilla ice cream topped with peanuts, strawberries, and chocolate syrup

Belle is pregnant and has two young children. She is having difficulty supporting her family on an income of $18,000/year. Recently, she was diagnosed with high blood pressure and iron deficiency. Based on this information, Belle should enroll in the _____ program.

WIC

Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he ________.

wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables

A young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products, but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread. He is very short for his age; his sexual organs are not fully developed; his intelligence is lower than normal; and he suffers from iron deficiency anemia. Based on this information, the man probably has ____ deficiency.

zinc

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?

zinc

Scientists at a major university have isolated a chemical from grapes. Which of the following features is an indication that this chemical could be a vitamin?

When a person's diet lacks the chemical, his or her body experiences abnormal functioning.

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation?

When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average.

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?

Women who smoke 5 or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth to underweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day during pregnancy.

Which of the following foods is considered to be a probiotic?

Yogurt with live and active cultures of Lactobacillus

A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells.

a

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFixate helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of ________

a testimonial

Humans need vitamin B-6 for _________.

amino acid metabolism

Carey skips breakfast and eats only organic foods. Before exams, she avoids eating anything that is "alive" or "had a face" while it was alive. Her BMI is 21.6 and she seems to be healthy. Based on this information, Carey is at risk of developing ________.

an eating disorder

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said, ________.

"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven"

Which of the following statements is a health claim that the FDA allows on a food package?

"Healthful diets with adequate folate may reduce a woman's risk of having a child with a brain or spinal cord defect."