nutrition final

Which of the following statements about bottled water in the United States is true? -Bottled water must be in sealed containers and have no added ingredients, except an agent that prevents the growth of microbes. -The production of bottled water must follow regulations established by the EPA and CDC. -In the United States, all bottled water must be certified as being safe and from a natural source by the FDA. -The government requires manufacturers of bottled water to follow safety standards that are more strict than the standards for tap water from public

-Bottled water must be in sealed containers and have no added ingredients, except an agent that prevents the growth of microbes.

Review the following claims that a manufacturer wants to include on the labels of packaged foods. Which one would the FDA allow to be used?

"While many factors contribute to the development of heart disease, diets low in saturated fat and trans fat may reduce the risk of this disease."

Which of the following statements is true? -Vitamins supplyabout 2 kcal per gram. -The body excretesfat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins. -The body stores vitamins in the liver, spleen, and bones. -Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body.

* not -The body stores vitamins in the liver, spleen, and bones.

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not supply any energy for the human body?

* not alcohol

Which of the following statements is true? -Nutrients are life-sustaining phytochemicals in food. -In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death. -A person's diet is influenced by his or her blood type, birth order, and sustainability. -Most people are born with the ability to choose a nutritious diet.

*not Nutrients are life-sustaining phytochemicals in food.

According to results of a researcher's epidemological study, diets that supply higher than recommended amounts of empty calories are associated with a higher than average risk of a chronic disease that affects the large intestine. This finding is an example of a(an) _______ correlation.

*not in-vitro

Which of the following statements is true? -A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings. -The results of one study are usually enough to convince the majority of nutrition scientists to adopt new ideas about nutrition-related topics. -Dietary recommendations are generally based on the findings of one well-respected team of nutrition researchers. -Since 1995, nutrition information has undergone few updates, because scientists have discovered all of the nutrients and determined their functions.

-A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings.

Which of the following statements is true? -Disordered eating practices are usually temporary and occur when the person is under stress. -Binge-eating disorder is the most serious eating disorder, because 36% of people with the condition commit suicide. -Young women are more likely to develop muscle dysmorphia than young men. -According to the DSM-5, there are two main types of eating disorders that physicians can diagnose: bulimia and anorexia.

-Disordered eating practices are usually temporary and occur when the person is under stress.

Which of the following statements is true? -A plant's genetic traits have little influence on its nutrient contents. -Growing conditions, such as the use of fertilizers, can influence the amount of nutrients in crops. -Regardless of a farm's production methods, the crops grown on that farm and other farms within a 10-mile radius will have the same nutritional value. -In general, the age of a plant when it is harvested does not affect its nutrient contents.

-Growing conditions, such as the use of fertilizers, can influence the amount of nutrients in crops.

Which of the following statements is true? -Alcohol is storedin body fat. -The pancreas isthe primary site for alcohol metabolism. -In the UnitedStates, a BAC of 0.08% is the legal limit for intoxication for adultdrivers. -Rapid heart rateis a sign of alcohol poisoning.

-In the UnitedStates, a BAC of 0.08% is the legal limit for intoxication for adultdrivers.

Which of the following statements is true? -Olives, salmon, and avocados are sources of unhealthy solid fats. -According toMyPlate, fats and oils are not a food group. -Most food guides classify milk in the protein-rich foods group. -According to MyPlate, dried beans are classified as fruits.

-Most food guides classify milk in the protein-rich foods group.

Which of the following statements is true? -The pyloricsphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. -The esophagus isthe muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine. -The colon is themajor site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system. -Lean people have ahigher risk of gallstones than fat people.

-The pyloricsphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation? -When a population increases its daily consumption of foods that supply empty calories, the population's average belt size increases. -Children whoconsume 3 cups of vitamin D milk daily develop stronger bones than children whodrink fewer than 3 cups of vitamin D milk each day. -Women who smoke 5or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth tounderweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day duringpregnancy. -As a population's intake of foods that contain beta-carotene increases, the population's tissue levels of vitamin A increase.

-Women who smoke 5or more cigarettes each day during pregnancy are more likely to give birth tounderweight babies than women who smoke fewer than 5 cigarettes a day duringpregnancy.

Craig is a 22-year-old man who has a healthy percentage of body fat. Based on this information, about ________ of his body is fat.

15%

Jerry's height is 65 inches. What is his approximate height in centimeters?

165 cm

Dave's height is 69 inches. What is his approximate height in centimeters?

175 cm

Josh weighs 170 kg. What is his weight in pounds?

374 pounds

Derek wants to eat enough salad greens in one meal to equal 2 servings of food from the vegetable group. According to the USDA, how much of the greens should he eat?

4 cups

Which of the following compounds is a hormone that helps the body maintain fluid balance?

Aldosterone

After running in a marathon race in July, Chino felt weak and his body weight was about 3% less than before the race. Based on this information, Chino was probably suffering from ________.

dehydration

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

diabetes

A scientist discovers a chemical in certain rocks that kills bacteria when it is mixed with sterile water in a test tube. She cannot market extracts that contain this chemical as a dietary supplement, because it ________.

does not contain dietary ingredients

Victor is making cake batter. When he added corn oil, fat-free milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components, Victor should add ________ and stir the ingredients together.

egg yolks

A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a(an) ________ study.

epidemiological

When using the MyPlate website's MyPlate Plan to plan your menus, it is not necessary to provide information about your

ethnic background

DNA contains coded information that enables human cells to make micronutrients, including as iron and vitamin C.

false

Scientific evidence provides considerable support for the effectiveness of most forms of alternative health care.

false

Some food guides classify ________ as oils.

fatty fish

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are ______.

galactose, glucose, and fructose

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop ________.

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is likely to ______.

give birth to a baby that has birth defects

Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should ________.

have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood

Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing a dietary supplement containing a substance from dandelions for weight loss. Her paid endorsement is an example of a(an) ________.

testimonial

Christine loves to eat canned salmon and sardines. These fish are good sources of ________.

Calcium

Which of the following menu items has major ingredients that represent four different MyPlate food groups?

Casserole madewith canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese

Joaquin would like to purchase a salad at the grocery store that contains high-quality protein. According to the following salad product label ingredient lists, which product should he choose?

Cooked chicken breast, mayonnaise, hard-boiled eggs, celery, sugar, sea salt, lemon juice, and pepper

Which of the following federally subsidized food programs is designed to improve the nutritional status specifically of low-income pregnant and breastfeeding women and their preschool children in the United States?

WIC

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's ________.

DNA

________ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.

Docosahexaenoic

________ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.

Eicosapentaenoic

Scientists would like to conduct a study to identify lifestyle factors that are associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income American children. Which of the following research designs would be the best for the researchers to use when designing their study?

Epidemiological

All proteins have potassium in their chemical structures.

False

Beta-carotene is the most biologically active form of vitamin A.

False

By 2020, the FDA had approved over 50 prescription medications for use as appetite suppressing agents.

False

In the United States, copper deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency

False

People who are over 60 years of age are less likely to become dehydrated than young adults, because they sense thirst more effectively than young adults.

False

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Flaxseeds

A scientist is developing a new food that would help people recover quickly from hypoglycemia. Which of the following sweeteners should he add to the new product?

Glucose

________ is the primary fuel for active muscles.

Glucose

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are among the best sources of riboflavin?

Grains that have undergone enrichment

Chelsea is concerned that her 2-year-old daughter may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes?

Having fruity-smelling breath

Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body has adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status?

He eats plenty offoods that contain beta-carotene.

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?

Hydrochloric acid

Stanley would like to compare the total fat contents of packaged hotdogs. He should read the ________ on the products' labels.

Nutrition Facts panel

While making cookies, Anna wants to add a source of healthy fat to the recipe. Which of the following fats should she add?

Peanut butter

Which of the following conditions increases a person's metabolic rate?

Producing milk to breastfeed a baby

Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?

Sucralose

Leona is making lemon pudding from "scratch." Her ingredients include fat-free milk, corn starch, lemon juice, egg yolks, salt, sugar, and butter. When she added some of the ingredients together, little clumps formed in the mixture before she could heat it. What happened to those ingredients?

The acid in thelemon juice denatured the milk proteins.

During the grain enrichment process, refined wheat flour has vitamins E, C, and D added to it.

True

In general, a woman's risk of osteoporosis increases after menopause.

True

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid.

True

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Type 2 diabetes

Your best friend eats plenty of meats and dairy products but avoids eating fruits and vegetables. She bruises easily, her sores take a long time to heal, and her gums bleed when she brushes her teeth. Based on this information, which of the following vitamins is most likely to be deficient in her diet?

Vitamin C

________ are fat-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins D and E

Leona is a 5′ 4′′, 30-year-old woman who weighs almost 225 pounds. To lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. Leona would like to try a surgical weight loss method that can be reversed if she has serious side effects. Based on this information, Leona's physician is likely to recommend ________ as the best way to help Leona lose her excess body weight.

adjustable gastric banding

A substance that can protect a person's cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain harmful factors is a(an) ________.

antioxidant

Proteins ________.

are comprised of amino acids

Some food guides classify ________ as oils.

avocados

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he ________.

avoid overeating during meals

In general, yellow, red, and orange fruits and vegetables are rich sources of ________.

beta-carotene

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

bile

A person's ________ is not a major influence for his or her food selection practices.

blood type

Which of the following foods is a rich source of fiber?

brown rice

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, today's Americans consume more ________ than in 1970.

cheese

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is ________.

circulation of blood throughout the body

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ________.

decrease her usual daily energy intake

Two-month-old Deanna is not growing normally. After Deanna underwent numerous tests, her physicians determined that she was born with a condition in which fat deposits form in cells that are not designed to store fat. The fat deposits eventually kill the cells. Her older brother died as a result of the same disorder when he was 8 months of age. Based on this information, Deanna has ________.

defective DNA

Adrian's diet supplies only about 10% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates. Therefore, most of his energy intake is provided by protein and fat. As a result of following this diet, Adrian's cells form more ________ than normal.

ketone bodies

Which of the following organs relies on enterohepatic circulation to recycle bile salts?

liver

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ________.

liver cancer

A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________.

measles

Jerome and Joseph are the same age, weight and height. However, Jerome requires more vitamin C than Joseph. This is an example of ________.

nutrigenetics

High intakes of vitamin A during pregnancy can cause birth defects. This is an example of ________.

nutrigenomics

Derek's diet contains high amounts of ________, which is classified as a major mineral.

phosphorus

Vitamin D helps the body absorb ________.

phosphorus and calcium

Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(an) ________ study.

prospective

People who have bulimia nervosa typically avoid gaining weight after bingeing on food by ________.

purging, including self-induced vomiting

A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study.

retrospective

Marta is a teenager who doesn't eat fruits and vegetables. Her diet consists primarily of chicken, cottage cheese, yogurt, white bread, and butter. Furthermore, she doesn't take dietary supplements. Based on this information, Marta has a high risk of ________.

scurvy

Chyme is the ________.

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

stroke

The ________ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.

thyroid

The body loses water daily through the ________.

thyroid gland

In general, organically grown crops contain fewer pesticides than conventionally grown crops.

true

Infants and toddlers who are chronically undernourished are likely to develop stunting as they reach school age.

true

The omentum stores adipose tissue that is referred to as "visceral fat."

true

Until recently, Victoria was a healthy, energetic 3-year-old. A couple of weeks ago, her parents noticed that she does not want to play, and she seems to be tired all of the time. Additionally, Victoria has been unusually thirsty and "wets the bed" at night. Based on this information, Victoria's parents should have their daughter evaluated for ______.

type 1 diabetes

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

villi

Males involved in competitive sports, especially ________, are at risk of the male athlete triad.

wrestling

Which of the following nutrients is a trace mineral?

zinc