Nutrition in Health: Chapter 11: Water and Major Minerals.
Functions for chloride in the body include
-Hydrochloric acid production in the stomach -Regulation of acid base balance -Transmission of nerve impulses
Most of the sodium in the American diet comes from salt
-added during to food during processing -added to cooked meals at the table -added during food preparation
Sodium is often added to foods during processing in order to
-enhance flavor -retard food spoilage
Roles for phosphorus in the body include
-generating ATP -regulating acid-base balance -synthesizing DNA
Potassium is needed by the body for
-nerve transmission -muscle contraction
Function for chloride in the body include
-regulation of acid base balance -hydrochloric acid production in the stomach -transmission of nerve inmpulses
Choose the statements about water that are true.
-total water intake requirements vary widely. -water needs vary based on environmental temperatures, age, and health conditions. -dietary choices and physical activity influence water requirements.
The AI for sodium in adults is
1500 mg/day
The adequate intake (AI) for chloride is
2300 mg/day
The absorption of magnesium usually ranges form between
40-60%
The adult RDA for magnesium is ______ milligrams per day for adult men (>30 years of age) and about _____ milligrams per day for adult women (>30 years of age).
420; 310
Depending on a person's unique body composition roughly what percentage of body weight is contributed by water?
50-75%
Which of the following is NOT a good source of phosphorus in the typical American diet?
Apples
Which bones are most often subject to osteoporosis-related fractures?
Hip bones Vertebrae Wrist bones Ankle bones
Which type of tissue contains more water?
Lean muscle
What role in the body do sodium and potassium have in common|?
Maintaining fluid balance
Since there is no Upper Level set potassium, is it advisable for individuals to take potassium supplements?
No
Which of the following are major minerals?
Potassium Sodium Calcium
Which of the following is the best source of magnesium?
Spinach
Each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet.
True
Most unusable substance in the body can dissolve in water and exit the body through the urine.
True
The adult (19-30 years of age) RDA for magnesium is 400 milligrams per day for young men and 310 milligrams per day for young women.
True
There is no Upper Level for potassium
True
How long can a human survive without water?
a few days
Which MyPlate food group does not contribute minerals to the diet?
all MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet
Sulfur is essential to the functioning of glutathione which has ______ activity in the body.
antioxidant
Of the foods listed below, the food that provides the most potassium is ______.
baked potato
Sulfur is a component of
biotin cysteine methionine
Which of the following is not a function of water within the body?
bodily fluids provide a source of energy to the body.
The process by which bone tissue gains strength and rigidity is called
bone mineralization
For most Americans, milk products are significant food sources for _______
calcium
The most plentiful mineral in the body is ________.
calcium
The most plentiful mineral in the body is _________
calcium
Calcium absorption in the small intestine is achieved with the help of
calcium-binding protein Vitamin D
Excellent sources of chloride include
celery seaweed tomatoes
Table salt is composed of sodium and
chloride
Magnesium is a critical component in _____, making plants good food sources for magnesium.
chlorophyll
Ted would like to lower his blood pressure by making a few dietary changes. If Ted aims to increase his potassium intake, he should
choose more fruits and vegetables
Which of the following diseases or conditions are positively affected by calcium rich diets?
chronic inflammation hypertension insulin resistance
Good dietary sources of phosphorous include
dairy meat
A person who has perspired a lot while exercising on a humid day is at risk for ________ due to fluid losses.
dehydration
The state that describe body water depletion is called
dehydration
Water moves from a region that is ______ to a region that has more material dissolved in it.
dilute
The greatest proportion of calcium absorption occurs in the
duodenum
Mineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance in the body are called
electrolytes ions
The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when
fluid loss is great fluid intake is limited
Most of the calcium in American diets comes from _____
fluid milk yogurt cheese
Since most Americans use too much table salt, and since table salt is sodium and chloride, most Americans get _____ than the AI for chloride.
greater than
Iron is an important component of
hemoglobin in blood cells
The AI for sodium is _____ in people who perspire heavily.
higher
The AI for sodium is ______ in people who perspire heavily.
higher
The crystalline structure composed of calcium and phosphorus used for bone formation is called ______.
hydroxyapatite
Match the parts of the word hyperphosphatemia to the word's meaning. hyper phosphate emia
hyper- too much phosphate- mineral emia- blood
A person with persistently elevated blood pressure is diagnosed with ______.
hypertension
The condition that is characterized by elevated blood pressure is called ________.
hypertension
The body maintains fluid balance by controlling in each compartment the concentration of __________.
ions
Calcium, sodium and potassium are examples of _____ minerals.
major
Minerals that are required in the diet each day in amounts larger than 100 milligrams are classified as ________ minerals.
major
Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chloride and sulfur are minerals that are categorized as
major minerals
Roles for calcium in the body include
muscle contraction blood clot formation bone and teeth formation
Kidney-disease patients may need to monitor and regulate their ______ intake to avoid hyperphosphatemia
phosphorous
Kidney-disease patients may need to monitor and regulate their _____ intake to avoid hyperphophatemia.
phosphorus
Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission?
potassium calcium sodium
Most salt substitutes are comprised of
potassium chloride
Examples of foods high in sodium are
processed snacks
Which of the following are functions of water?
regulate body temperature major solvent transport nutrients
Roles for phosphorous in the body include
regulating acid-base balance generating ATP synthesizing DNA
Chloride along with sodium plays an important role in
regulating fluid balance
Most of the phosphorus in the body can be found in the
skeleton
Table salt is chemically known as ________ _________.
sodium chloride
People with osteoporosis may break a bone by falling, or they may experience ________ fractures, in which a fragile bone gives way for no apparent reason.
spontaneous
Diffusion ____ when the concentrations of the material on either side of the plasma membrane are equal.
stops
Consuming a calcium rich diet may have beneficial effects on
successful weight loss
The absorption of dietary magnesium increases when
the body is deficient in magnesium
Water aids in the removal of waste products from the body.
through the production of urine
Humans are able to make some water and to obtain if from which of the following types of foods?
vegetables fruits
The simplest ways to determine hydration status are observing urine
volume color
Recommendations for total ______ intake vary widely because factors such as environment temperatures, health conditions, physical activities, and dietary choices influence individual requirements.
water