Nutrition Test 2
Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?
HDL
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?
LDL
________ are water-soluble vitamins.
Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise ________% of his total energy intake each day.
20-35
Karen has type 1 diabetes, and she often forgets to administer insulin to herself. Why does her breath usually have a fruity odor?
She has hyperglycemia, which results in ketosis as her body catabolizes an excessive amount of fatty acids.
What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?
Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.
The liver uses cholesterol to make ________.
bile
Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?
boiling in a saucepan of water
________ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body.
retinol
________ is a chemical pathway that enables muscle cells and liver to store glucose as glycogen.
glycogenesis
Adrian's diet supplies only about 5% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates. Therefore, most of his energy intake is provided by proteins and fats. As a result of following this diet, Adrian's body may go into
ketosis
The most biologically active form of vitamin D, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D), is made in the ________.
kidneys
Which of the following statements describes lactic acid?
lactic acid is made under anaerobic conditions
________ is a component of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
niacin
An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is ________
night blindness
Every amino acid has ________ in its chemical structure.
nitrogen
High intakes of vitamin A during pregnancy can cause birth defects. This is an example of __________.
nutrigenomics
Which of the following statements regarding C reactive protein is false?
people with low CRP are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease
The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a ________.
peptide bond
Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.
positive
Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g?
sucrose
The primary function of adipocytes is ________.
triglyceride storage
Consuming a high-protein diet may lead to high urine urea nitrogen.
true
Consuming excessive amounts of protein can lead to increased accumulation of body fat.
true
Taking high doses of vitamin E supplements can impair blood clotting.
true
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which of the following vitamins is a nutrient of public health concern?
vitamin D
The human body can absorb some of the ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.
vitamin K
What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis?
2
Anisah follows a vegetarian diet that includes milk and milk products and eggs, but no other animal foods. What type of vegetarian diet is Anisah following?
lactoovovegetarian
Paul just had a cholecystectomy. Which of the following dietary modifications should he consider?
reduce his lipid intake
The ability to metabolize alcohol is dependent on the activity of the aldehyde dehydrogenase.
true
________ is a condition characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the liver leading to its irreversible damage.
cirrhosis of the liver
Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?
green leafy vegetables
Which of the following is the best source of beta-carotene?
grilled sweet potatoes
Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?
ground beef
Compared to most unsaturated fatty acids, a trans fatty acid ________.
has at least one double bond with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond
This morning, Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia. Based on this information, her fasting blood glucose level was ________ mg/dl.
120
Katrina is 20 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, what is her range of protein intake?
180-630 kcla/ day
Felix generally consumes about 2300 kcal/day. He wants to reduce the amount of added sugars in his diet to meet the recommendation for added sugar intake, according to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines. Based on this information, Felix will limit his daily intake of added sugars to less than ________ kcal.
230
If a person's RDA for protein is 65 g, they weigh approximately ________ kg.
82
Which of the following foods is a high-quality protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins?
8oz glass soy milk
________ is necessary to assist in the passing of fatty acids through the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane during the process of beta-oxidation.
Carnitine
Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's ________.
DNA
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?
In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
which of the following statements is true?
Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup
Which of the following statements about phospholipids is FALSE?
Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol.
During beta-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into two-carbon molecules that are converted into ________.
acetyl co a
Which of the following compounds enters the citric acid cycle?
acetyl co a
Which of the following amino acids can be made by the human body?
alanine
Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?
alpha linoleic acid
Which of the following forms of metabolism releases the lower amount of energy in the cell?
anaerobic metabolism
A team of chemists have isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from a rare kind of mushroom. The researchers determine that the chemical donates electrons to other substances in the environment that are missing electrons. Based on this information, the chemists are likely to have discovered a/an ________.
antioxidant
Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of ________.
butter and beef
When he prepares food, Nick wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he select?
canola oil
A ________ remains when the amino group of an amino acid is removed.
carbon skeleton
Ten-month old baby Gabe loves to eat pureed sweet potatoes, squash, and carrots. Recently, Gabe's mother noticed that his skin had a yellow color, particularly his cheeks and hands. The yellowing of the skin Gabe has experienced is likely ________.
carotenemia
Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses?
carrots and celery
If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be
converted into fat and stored
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
corn oil
________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.
denaturation
Which of the following substances is a fat-soluble vitamin that has antioxidant activity?
e
Which of the following chemical pathways of glucose catabolism produces the highest amount of ATP molecules?
electron transport chain
Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is too high.
false
Secondary structure refers to the structure of protein comprised of two or more polypeptide chains arranged together in a unique manner.
false
The biological activity of gamma-tocopherol is significantly higher than that of alpha-tocopherol.
false
Lecithin is a type of ________.
fatty acid
The human body needs vitamin K to ________.
form active blood clotting factors
Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D?
fortified dairy products
The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are
galactose, glucose, fructose
Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.
glucagon
In the human intestinal tract, cooked rice is broken down into ________ molecules that can be absorbed.
glucose
Nervous system cells burn mostly ________ for energy.
glucose
insulin
helps glucose enter cells
Having high blood levels of ________ may increase a person's risk of CVD.
homocysteine
A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________.
infectious diseases
All the following hormones promote catabolic pathways EXCEPT ________.
insulin
Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has
lactose intolerence
Justin's blood cholesterol levels are too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?
legumes
________ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.
linoleic
The synthesis of fatty acids is known as ________.
lipogenesis
The enzyme ________ is necessary for digesting the disaccharide that contains two molecules of glucose.
maltase
According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.
metabolic syndrome
Isaac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Isaac has a high risk of __________.
rickets
Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein?
salad made with apples, pears, and grapes
Nolan would like to add more dietary fiber to his diet. Which of the following do you recommend?
select a bran cereal use whole wheat pasta add wheat germ to pancakes
Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?
soluble fiber
Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________.
stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestine
Digestion of protein begins in the ________.
stomach
The breakdown of glycogen into individual glucose molecules is an example of ________.
catabolism
When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat poultry, meat, dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, cookies, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for ________.
celiac disease
A/an ________ amino acid is one that is normally nonessential, but becomes essential under certain conditions.
conditionally essential
During glucose catabolism, pyruvate is produced during which of the following metabolic pathways?
glycolysis
Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?
sucralose
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited respiratory disease that interferes with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
true
Fiber-rich diets contribute to weight loss by causing a person to feel full.
true
Glucogenic amino acids, through metabolic pathways, are broken down into pyruvate or intermediates of the citric acid cycle.
true
The difference between one triglyceride and another resides in the type of fatty acids attached to each glycerol.
true
Sarah consumes approximately 2000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.
200
The higher the number of carbon atoms in a fatty acid, the higher the number of acetyl CoA produced via beta-oxidation.
true