Nutrition Test 2

5. At what age (in years) did we recommend that trying to limit fat intake begin? In other words, at what age do we BEGIN to implement the Healthy Heart Guidelines, so as not to overly restrict caloric intake in a child?

. "2 years old"

10. We discussed that the NCAA has developed a nonpermissible list of supplements. Name one compound that we discussed in class that is on the nonpermissible list?

. "Creatine"

8. When we drew the amino acid pool on the board, we listed three uses of amino acids (for example an amino acid being converted to another compound) that would require deamination. Give me one of those uses.

. "Glucose production if necessary, fat, energy expenditure"

9. We discussed several health problems that an obese person is at greater risk of developing (or dying from). Name one.

. "Heart disease"

4. We listed a number of functions of protein on the board, such as hormones like insulin that regulate metabolism. Name (or describe) two other functions of our proteins in the body.

. "Makes up the muscles" a. "Fights infections in the body"

3. We discussed the Keys starvation study and described two primary observations regarding the effects of starvation, one physiological (effect on the body or on metabolism) and one psychological (how we think). Give me either one of these effects of starvation.

. "Physiological - BMR is lowered" a. "Psychological - person who is starving will become obsessed with food"

7. We listed two tastes that we are born to dislike. Give me both of them.

. "Sour" a. "Bitter"

6. We listed two tastes that we are born to like. Give me both of them.

. "Sweet" a. "Salty"

4. What did we say would be a healthy fat content in the diet during weight loss?

. About 30%, the same as Healthy Heart guidelines

46. A person is consuming a diet that is excessive in kcal, providing 30% of kcal as protein

. Amino acids are deaminated and stored as fat

83. Cleaning your plate became a well accepted cultural concept in the United States

. At the end of World War II when the USDA began to promote the idea

67. Which of the following protein functions did we decide was the highest priority for the body to maintain?

. Catalyze chemical reactions in the cell

66. What is the major problem with soft drinks being marketed to children, according to your instructor?

. Children who consume more soft drinks weigh more

81. It is observed that those on a low-carbohydrate diet lose weight. What is the primary reason for this?

. Dieters consume less calories on a low-carb diet OR dieters will become temporarily dehydrated due to ketosis

11. Which of the following strategies did your instructor feel would be successful in a weight management program?

. Emphasizing fruits and vegetables in your diet

95. What are your instructor's feelings about marketing food to children?

. He is angry about the situation

6. Why did we mention leptin in class?

. It is the protein that was found to be deficient in mice that were genetically obese

18. Which of the following would be a vegetarian (eats no animal products) want to avoid based on class discussion?

. Jell-O (gelatin)

16. Urea is filtered from the blood by the _____________.

. Kidney

12. We discussed two tastes that we are born to like and two that we are born to dislike give me ONE taste that we are born to like and ONE taste that we are born to dislike.

. LIKE: "Sweet" a. DISLIKE: "Sour"

80. Which of the following is the limiting amino acid in pasta, a wheat product?

. Lysine

92. Which of the following strategies did your instructor feel would be successful in a weight management program?

. Maintaining a variety of foods in your diet

87. Which of the following parenting behaviors is likely to increase the LIKE for a food?

. Restricting access to a food

7. Which of the following assessment techniques did your instructor feel was easiest and cheapest to use, but not the most accurate to use?

. Skinfold thickness

5. How did we suggest you determine a reasonable caloric intake for weight loss?

. Take the intake that would maintain your weight and subtract 500/kcal from that

91. What is the primary factor determining the food choices that people make?

. Taste of the food

99. What was the primary reason your instructor felt it important to maintain variety in the diet during weight loss?

. That would make it likely that there would be no vitamin and mineral deficiencies

8. How did we define the set point for weight in class?

. The body weight that we defined against change

60. What did your instructor conclude about fast food intake and obesity?

. The fast food industry encourages overeating by offering large portions

86. If someone were consuming bread as their only protein source, they would need to break down body proteins because

. Their diet would be deficient in an essential amino acid

61. About how many kcalories are needed to build one pound of muscle?

3000

93. About how many kcalories/d deficit should someone have for one week to lose one pound of fat?

500

13. The incidence of overweight and obesity in the U.S. is now estimated at about ____% of the adult population.

65

22. The caloric content of alcohol is _____ kcal/g.

7

2. We discussed reasons why breastfeeding might lead to less obesity later in life. Give me one explanation.

Children who were breastfed are exposed to many different flavors through breast milk. Since variety is a main component of the diet, breastfed babies have a lower risk of becoming obese"

11. We gave two important benefits of exercise being included in a weight management program that specifically help a person lose weight by altering the energy balance equation. One is obvious; that you expend calories and therefore increase overall expenditure by doing exercise. What is the second benefit relevant to the energy balance equation?

Maintaining lean mass"

76. The main nitrogen-containing waste product in humans is

Urea

1. We discussed why the popular high protein, low carbohydrate diets are likely to cause very rapid initial weight loss. Give me that explanation.

a. "They cause dehydration"

23. If a food contains 4 grams of protein and 160 kcalories, what is the % protein in this food?

a. 10

5. Why is breakfast eating important to weight loss?

a. A person will not be as hungry the rest of the day if they eat breakfast, so less likely to overeat

49. One health consequence of an eating disorder is a growth of downy hair on the body, which is most likely seen in someone with

a. Anorexia nervosa

44. A person has not eaten anything for a week

a. Body proteins are broken down to replenish amino acid pool

19. When is conversion of amino acids to glucose important?

a. During starvation

89. Which of the following behaviors did we conclude was especially important to incorporate into a weight loss program?

a. Eating breakfast to minimize hunger

10. What best describes your instructor's impression of protein supplements for muscle gain?

a. If they are helpful, it is probably because they provide extra calories, not protein

2. Encouraging a child to eat a certain food is likely to have what effect on the child?

a. It is counterproductive, since the child will dislike that food and be less likely to eat it in the future

58. We discussed a popular diet solution in class that brags that it contains collagen, and because of that ingredient weight loss is high. We decided that collagen could actually be found in a less expensive food item, which is _________?

a. Jell-O

4. Which of the following diseases did we discuss DOES NOT HAVE a clear link to obesity?

a. Lung cancer

56. Which of the following diseases did we discuss DOES NOT HAVE a clear link to obesity?

a. Lung cancer

70. Tofu, which is made from soybeans, is limiting in ____________.

a. Methionine

75. Which of the following combinations of foods is a good example of complementary proteins to meet essential amino acid needs?

a. Navy beans and cornbread

54. Where is the only coordinated program (fastest route to registration) in the state of Oklahoma?

a. OU Health Sciences Center

9. What is the leading cause of diabetes, especially Type 2, in the U.S.?

a. Obesity

77. Which of the following would have the highest energy density?

a. Pretzel

101. Which of the following combinations of foods is a good example of complementary proteins to meet essential amino acid needs?

a. Refried beans and corn tortillas

9. Which of the following statements best describes how our body reacts to starvation?

a. The body breaks down its own proteins, giving no priority to tissues such as heart or liver over muscle

17. Define a limiting amino acid.

a. The essential amino acid in an incomplete protein that limits protein synthesis

63. What will result when someone takes thyroid hormone for weight loss?

a. The thyroid gland will respond by decreasing output of hormone

96. Which of the following assessment techniques did your instructor say is usually referred to as the "gold standard?"

a. Underwater weighing

71. Which of the following did we conclude would be a good food to incorporate into a weight loss program because it would have a low energy density?

a. Vegetable beef soup

26. Deamination of amino acids occurs

a. When amino acids are consumed in excess of need

104. Which of the following foods would have the highest net protein utilization?

a. Whole milk

69. How did we define body mass index?

a. Wt in Pounds/(Ht in inches)2 x 703

12. To stay in good health, we would like to stay below what body mass index?

b. 25

14. About how many kcalories are in one pound of fat?

b. 3500

53. The difference between a nutritionist and a dietitian is

b. Anyone can call themselves a nutritionist, with or without a degree, while a dietitian is a title protected by law

29. Which of the following is NOT true?

b. BMR usually increases as you get older

98. What did we decide about breastfeeding?

b. Because breast milk is high in cholesterol and fat, recent evidence suggests that breastfeeding increases risk of overweight in infancy

45. A person is consuming a vegetarian diet with rice as the only protein source

b. Body proteins are broken down to replenish the amino acid pool

51. Electrolyte (sodium and potassium) imbalances are most likely seen in

b. Bulimia nervosa

94. Rule #7 of the Roy Rogers Club encourages children to

b. Clean their plate

79. Which of the following is NOT an example of nonexercise activity?

b. Completing an aerobics class

90. Based on class discussion, what is the significant problem with drinking soft drinks?

b. Consumption when you are thirsty confuses our appetite centers in the brain

24. We discussed that the NCAA has what regulations regarding creatine?

b. It can be purchased by athletes and taken, but universities cannot provide it, called nonpermissible

78. What is the advantage of consuming "live" enzymes in popular health products made from fruit juices?

b. Live, or active, enzymes in food will be "killed," digested/inactivated in the stomach, so no advantage

62. Urea is synthesized in the _______________.

b. Liver

25. Which of the following is the limiting amino acid in legumes like pinto beans?

b. Methionine

57. Which of the following is the limiting amino acid in tofu, a product made from soy beans?

b. Methionine

33. Nonexercise activity has been found to be important because of which of the following?

b. Our ability to respond to overeating by increasing this component, thus preventing weight gain

2. Obesity rates have soared the past 10 years in the US. The most critical issue, according to your instructor, explaining this increase, is which of the following factors?

b. Portion sizes have increased

55. We are born to like what flavor?

b. Salty

6. Recent evidence suggests that exercise is especially important during which phase of weight loss?

b. The maintenance phase of weight loss, to prevent weight regain

102. Deamination of amino acids occurs

b. When an amino acid is used as an energy source

34. For the following items, rank the energy density from most dense to least dense: 1) corn oil, 2) water, 3) pretzel, 4) apple

c. 1,3,4,2

103. In order to assess for overweight and obesity in children, we use BMI-for-age charts. What percentile defines obesity in children over the age of two? At or above the __________ percentile.

c. 95th

72. What did we conclude about a parent helping children make healthy food choices?

c. A parent should make healthy food choices themselves to influence healthy choices by the child

32. Which of the following sites of fat storage is most associated with an increase in heart disease risk?

c. Abdomen

47. Starch is a complex carbohydrate. If you consumed pure cornstarch from a box, what did we conclude?

c. As a low nutrient dense item, pure corn starch would be of no more value in the diet than sucrose

74. Which of the following combinations of foods is a good example of complementary proteins to meet essential amino acid needs?

c. Black beans and cornbread

21. What is the source of amino acids for the amino acid pool when the diet is devoid of protein?

c. Body proteins are broken down to release amino acids for the pool

20. Which of the following is NOT going to influence the thermic affect of food?

c. Body size

31. The "Snackwell Syndrome" is caused by

c. Consumers thinking that any low fat food item is low calorie, so they overeat that item

27. Which of the following foods would have the highest net protein utilization?

c. Eggs

82. How did we define overweight in children? Using the body mass index for age charts.

c. Greater than 95th percentile

65. A protein with high net protein utilization is one which

c. Has the essential amino acid composition that supports protein synthesis and is well digested.

3. In our discussion of the Roy Rogers Riders Club, what did Toy do to Americans regarding eating habits?

c. He made throwing away food a moral issue, rather than a health issue, thus encouraging people to overeat

15. Why do we see an increase in BMR with overeating?

c. Increase in thyroid hormone secretion

48. A core characteristic of all eating disorders is

c. It is a coping mechanism

68. As discussed in class, the grocery/packaged food industry has made it difficult for Americans to maintain a healthy weight primarily because of problems with

c. Low fat items are often high energy density and thus high in calories, such as Snackwell cookies

28. Wheat, which are part of the grains grouping of complementary proteins, is limiting in ___________.

c. Lysine

73. Peanuts, which are part of the nuts and seeds grouping of complementary proteins, is limiting in____________.

c. Lysine

30. If a healthy adult eats excess protein

c. Nitrogen balance will be maintained

97. If a healthy adult increases their protein intake from 15% of calories to 20% of calories

c. Nitrogen balance will be maintained

85. Negative nitrogen balance occurs when

c. Nitrogen excretion in urine and feces is greater than nitrogen consumed in protein

84. Which of the following foods is likely about 35-40 fold lower in energy density than cream cheese, as discussed?

c. Orange juice

10. What is usually the major factor that explains variability in the kcal needs of two healthy men of similar age and size?

c. Physical activity level

8. Which of the following combinations of food is a good example of complementary proteins to meet essential amino acid needs?

c. Red beans and rice

100. Which of the following did we NOT list on the board as one of the five important features of successful weight loss programs?

c. Slow the rate of eating

1. What is the major problem with soft drinks being sold in schools according to your instructor?

c. The vending machines provide a way to advertise and market soft drinks in schools

64. Based on class discussion, what was unique about the Pima Indians living in Arizona

c. They are a very obese group in large part because of inactivity and a high fat diet

59. We know that kids are more obese if they watch more TV. What did we decide about the explanation for that?

c. They are influenced by food ads to eat more

7. The primary strategy recommended by your instructor to counteract increasing portion size in the US is to

c. Throw food away even though it wastes money

88. Based on class discussion, the primary problem with eating fast food regarding obesity development is ________?

c. We tend to overeat at fast food outlets since they give us large portions

3. How did we define body mass index?

c. Wt in kilograms/(Ht in meters)2

52. Of the following characteristics, which is common to all eating disorders?

d. Low self-esteem

50. Someone with anorexia nervosa is likely to have low bone density. Why is that likely?

d. Women stop menstruating and the lower estrogen causes a drop in bone density