nutrition

True or false: The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide energy.

True

What happens to protein when it is consumed in excess of the body's physiological needs?

Excess amino acids are used to meet energy needs or converted to and stored as fat.

Which of the following meals would likely contain the most monounsaturated fat?

Green salad with avocado, almonds, and olive oil dressing

Which of the following measurements could be used to identify a person with prediabetes?

HbA1c between 5.7% to 6.4% Fasting blood glucose from 100 to 125 mg/dl

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide energy for the body.

Which of the following would be the best way for a college student to decrease his or her intake of saturated fat?

Use liquid plant oils (e.g., olive oil or canola oil) instead of solid fats (e.g., butter or coconut oil).

Amylase is

an enzyme

Which of the following are good sources of viscous fiber?

apples, kidney beans, carrots

If a person consumes a large amount of fiber without adequate fluid, which of the following may happen?

blockages in the intestine

curing agents used in processed meat (ham and salami) and substances formed during high-heat cooking are known as carcinogens. This can lead to

cancer

many high protein foods are animal-based sources of protein, which are often high in saturated fat and cholesterol. This can lead to

cardiovascular disease

Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides?

cellulose, amylose, amylopectin

Which of the following are not good sources of viscous fiber?

cheese

Soluble fiber ______ the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine into the blood.

decreases

insulin

decreases blood glucose

Stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. Over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. His doctor sends him for tests to see if he has

diabetes

Which of the following are traditional symptoms of diabetes?

extreme thirst, increased appetite, frequent urination

Foods in the Dairy group are rich sources of fiber.

false

True or false: Only individuals with advanced cases of type 1 diabetes require insulin.

false

True or false: Soluble fibers are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria.

false

Choose risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

family history of diabetes history of gestational diabetes prediabetes obesity, especially intra-abdominal obesity physical inactivity

In the absence of carbohydrate, ______ does not break down completely.

fat

If you do not consume adequate carbohydrates, what other dietary components can supply energy?

fat, protein

A high-fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because

fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver, soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted.

Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and ______.

fructose

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body.

glucose

What is the major monosaccharide in the body?

glucose

Sucrose is made up of which two monosaccharides?

glucose and fructose

Which MyPlate food groups provide many high-fiber foods?

grains, vegetables, fruits

Mel has diabetes and uses insulin for glucose management. If he takes more than his prescribed dose of insulin,

his blood sugar will be too low

glucagon

increases blood glucose

Fibers that are not readily dissolved in water and not easily metabolized by intestinal bacteria are called

insoluble fiber

Individuals with type 1 diabetes have to be treated with which approach?

insulin

A high-fiber diet is helpful for weight management because

it provides fewer calories, and contributes to a feeling of fullness after eating

high protein intakes increase the production of the nitrogen-containing waste product, urea, which must be excreted. This can lead to

kidney disease

Name the disaccharide that is also known as "milk sugar."

lactose

Which of the following are major storage sites for glycogen?

liver and muscle

Many patients with type 2 diabetes can improve blood glucose control by

losing a moderate amount of weight.

It is important to eat adequate carbohydrates so that the body does not use ______ for energy.

protein

Which of the following are benefits of including some insoluble fiber in the diet?

reduces constipation, reduces transit time of feces

Which of the following is a benefit of soluble fiber?

reduces total serum cholesterol

Digestion of carbohydrates by human enzymes takes place in which sections of the gastrointestinal tract?

small intestine, mouth

Select all of the following that are nutritive sweeteners.

sorbitol, sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup

In which part of the GI tract does a minor amount of carbohydrate digestion begin?

the mouth

Compared to Caucasians in the United States, Latino/Hispanic Americans, African-Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

true

Having diabetes increases a person's risk for developing cardiovascular disease.

true

True or false: Amylase is an enzyme that is released from the salivary glands and the pancreas.

true

True or false: Both fiber and starch are types of polysaccharides.

true

True or false: During low carbohydrate intake, fat is not completely metabolized, leading to the formation of ketone bodies.

true

True or false: The increased bulk of a high-fiber meal promotes a feeling of fullness without yielding many calories.

true

True or false: The liver and muscles are the major storage sites for glycogen.

true

True or false: To avoid constipation, adequate fiber and water should be consumed.

true

Risk factors for ______ diabetes include physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity.

type 2

What type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity?

type 2 diabetes

Through her own dietary analysis, Sarah realized she needs more polyunsaturated fatty acids. Which of the following foods is the best source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

walnuts

The World Health Organization recommends an upper limit of ______ of total kcal from added sugars.

10%

What is the adequate intake level for fiber in adult women?

25g

What is the Adequate Intake level of dietary fiber for men?

38g

The World Health Organization suggests that added sugars provide no more than 10% of total daily intake. Based on a 2000 kcal diet, this is approximately

50g

If Tomas is a healthy 24-year-old male who weighs 166 pounds, how many grams of protein per day should he have to maintain protein equilibrium?

60g per day

______ is a condition characterized by moderately high fasting blood glucose (100 to 125 mg/dl).

prediabetes

What is a major food source of lactose?

milk

Digestion of carbohydrates by human enzymes takes place in which sections of the gastrointestinal tract?

mouth, small intestine

Which of the following areas of the body can be permanently damaged by uncontrolled diabetes?

nerves, eyes, heart, kidneys

Mucilages, lignin, and cellulose are ______.

nonstarch polysaccharides in foods, dietary fiber

Mucilages, lignin, and cellulose are ______.

nonstarch polysaccharides in foods, dietary fibers

The monosaccharides and the disaccharides are designated as _____ because they provide calories.

nutritive sweeteners

Sam is trying to increase his intake of soluble fiber. From these four options, click to select three foods that are rich sources of soluble fiber.

oatmeal, black beans, and apples

Choose the group of substances that are classified as dietary fiber.

pectins, gums, hemicelluloses, cellulose

Type 2 diabetes can often be effectively managed through

physical activity. moderate weight loss. diet.

Carbohydrates containing many glucose units, from 1000 or more are called _____.

polysaccharides

Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many (e.g., hundreds) of glucose units together?

polysaccharides