Oceans Chapter 5
At the calcium carbonate compensation depth (CCD), the rate at which calcareous sediments are supplied to the seabed equals the rate at which those sediments dissolve. Calcareous ooze mostly exists below the CCD.
FALSE
Biogenous sediments cover the greatest area on the seafloor; their total volume on the seafloor is also is the greatest of the major sediment types.
FALSE
Marine sediments on the ocean floor are as old as four billion years, the same age as the ocean itself.
FALSE
The discovery that marine sediments are relatively young (as compared to terrestrial sediment) is not a contributing factor toward proving the theory of Plate Tectonics.
FALSE
The slowest growing hydrogenous sediments are manganese nodules.
FALSE
Usually, the bigger the particle is, the more easily it can be transported by streams, waves, and currents.
FALSE
Most marine sediments are composed of fine particles: sand, silt, and clay.
TRUE
Other than petroleum and natural gas, sand and gravel are the most valuable sedimentary resource acquired from the ocean.
TRUE
Terrigenous sediments are the most abundant. The largest terrigenous deposits are found near continental margins.
TRUE
The sediment type which covers the least volume on the ocean floor is cosmogenous.
TRUE
127. Which of the following is the second most valuable physical marine resource?
a. Sand & Gravel
121. Most neritic sediments are ____.
a. Terrigenous
123. Calcareous ooze is formed from shells of ____. a. foraminifera b. radiorarian c. coccolithopres d. diatoms e. a & c
a. foraminifera c. coccolithopres
117. Occasionally cosmogenous sediments includes translucent oblong particles of glass known as ____.
a. microtektites
116. Biogenous sediments are most abundant ____.
a. near continental margins
103. As opposed to pelagic sediments neritic sediments are found ____.
a. near the coast
125. Shells of single-celled algae called diatoms form ____.
a. siliceous ooze
109. Which sediment type covers the greatest area of deep-ocean bottom, such as on the abyssal plain?
b. Biogenous
114. Calcareous and siliceous oozes are ____.
b. Biogenous
108. Which of the following has the greatest average sediment thickness?
b. continental slope
104. At depths below the carbonate compensation depth, calcareous oozes ____.
b. fail to accumulate due to increased acidity and decreased temperature
115. The rocks of Earth's crust are made up of ____.
b. minerals
124. Which one of the following forms siliceous ooze? a. foraminifera b. radiolarians c. coccolithophores d. diatoms e. a & c f. b & d
b. radiolarians d. diatoms
111. Fine particles of sediment can be classified as: sand, silt or clay. These particles are defined by ____.
b. their size
107. The sediment layer lying on the base of the Sohm Abyssal Plain near Nova Scotia is notably thick for an ocean floor. Approximately how thick is this layer?
c. 1,800 meters
110. The ocean and some continental land masses are over 4 billion years old. How old are the oldest marine sediments?
c. About 180 million years old
126. Evaporites are ____ deposits that include salts that precipitate from water that evaporates from isolated arms of the ocean or form landlocked seas or lakes.
c. Hydrogenous
105. JOIDES is an acronym that stands for ____.
c. Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling
120. Which of the following has the least abundant sedimentary deposition?
c. The west coast of North America
122. A dilute mixture of sediment and water that periodically rushes down the continental slope is a ____.
c. turbidity current
106. Manganese nodules are the result of extremely slow rate chemical reactions that take place on the deep ocean floor. An average rate of growth for these nodules is roughly ____ millimeters per year.
d. 5´10^-6
113. Which one of the following types of sediment covers the least amount of the ocean floor?
d. Cosmogenous
119. Which of the following has the least average sediment thickness?
d. Deep-ocean floor
112. Sediments with a mixture of sizes are known as ____.
d. poorly sorted sediments
118. Sediments of the continental slope, continental rise, and the deep ocean floor that originate in the ocean are called ____.
d. poorly sorted sediments
