Ohio University ANTH 1010 Spring Final

Examples of Framing Process:

1) The Occupy Wall Street motto "We are the 99%" 2) The Sundarbans campaign motto "The Sundarbans is our mother. We won't let it be destroyed."

Not an Example of Leveling Mechanisms:

1) Use of taxpayer money for political gains

Mufti:

Legal scholar or interpreter of Islamic law

Which is the most important "pull factor" that explains migration flows?

Opportunities for income, education, or sheer survival.

Costa Rica

Peasant Protest

The approach that political anthropologists take:

Political anthropologist focus on the process of the state rather than the institutions

Not Commonly Influenced by Keynesian Economic Philosophy:

1) Stimulation of global economic growth through free markets 2) Reduce government influence in order to unleash competition to maximize profits

Not a Local Response to War in Mozambique:

1) The community reported any leaders and important individuals who had not fled to the authorities in order to save themselves from prosecution. 2) The community continued with their old ways of life.

Not Examples of Framing Process:

1) The occupation of government buildings in the peasant protests of Costa Rica 2) The helping behaviors of many individuals during the Mozambican civil war

Reasons why World War II created conditions for the collapse of the colonial system:

1) The war-ravaged economies and political systems of Europe could no longer sustain their colonial enterprises. 2) The war inspired organized national resistance movements around the world.

Most states in the world today are younger than the United States, which officially formed in 1783. Most gained independence from colonial rule following World War II. By 2015, there were 196 independent states in the world.

1) United states 2) World War 2 3) 196

Examples of Leveling Mechanisms:

1) Use of taxpayer money to pay for a national military 2) Use of taxpayer money to repair roads and bridges 3) Use of taxpayer money to pay for public schools

Not Evidence that War Is a Cultural Invention:

1) War is decided by elites, not the entire society. 2) Modern warfare is a recent development.

Examples of Internal Immigration:

1) Zhang moves from a village in rural China to Beijing in search of a better job. 2) Wani moves from her Malaysian town to the national capital to escape an abusive work situation in her town.

Date United States gained independence?

1776

Date Haiti gained independence?

1804

Date Brazil gained independence?

1822

Not Neoliberal Political Approaches:

Government redistribution as a leveling mechanism

Ways in Which Hegemony Is Created and Reinforced:

1) Nationalism 2) Militarization

Not a Way in Which Hegemony Is Created and Reinforced:

1) Immigration 2) Social Mobilization

Behaviors Observed in Primates After Conflicts:

1) Increased attraction 2) Reconciliation

Not an Ecological Overshoot:

1) Increasing rates of immigration due to persecution and poverty 2) Human rights abuses facilitated by global commodity chains

Effects of Agriculture on Human Society:

1) New social groups such as landholders and peasants 2) Increased trade

Strategies of Flexible Accumulation:

1) Outsourcing 2) Offshoring

Sharia:

Islamic Law

Reasons Why Political Typologies Are Problematic:

1) Political typologies are not reliable representations of past political structures. 2) Political typologies do not take colonial activities into account.

Not a Reason Why Political Typologies Are Problematic:

1) Political typologies are too complex. 2) Political typologies have too many categories.

Does not Describe Power

1) Power is always openly displayed. 2) Power is held by institutions, not individuals.

Describes Power:

1) Power is embedded in all human relationships. 2) Power is the ability or potential to bring about change through action or influence.

Not Examples of Internal Immigration:

1) Lakshu moves from India to the United States to work as a medical doctor. 2) Li moves from a village in rural China to New York City's Chinatown to work in a Chinese restaurant.

Not an Example of Neoliberal Economic Policy:

1) Regulated trade

Statements Describing Periphery Countries:

1) Least developed and least powerful nations 2) Serve as a source for raw materials and cheap labor

Effects of the Industrial Revolution:

1) Maritime Trade 2) Machine-Based Manufacturing 3) Factory-Made Goods

Groups of people who contribute to the perpetuation of warfare:

1) Mercenaries 2) Weapon Manufacturers

The organization of groups into social movements demonstrates people's agency, or power to contest social institutions and cultural patterns.

1) Social movements 2) Agency

Not Reasons why World War II created conditions for the collapse of the colonial system:

1) Modernization exposed colonialism grounded in out-of-date ideologies. 2) People from colonial nations became slaves of other nations.

Not an Effect of Agriculture on Human Society:

1) More egalitarian society 2) A focus on domesticating and herding animals

The Triangle Trade emerged in the 1500s between the continents of Africa, the Americas, and Europe, and drastically changed the economic, political, and social activity of all the regions involved. Place the people or goods traded on the corresponding Triangle Trade route.

1) England to America = Furs 2) Haiti to England = Sugar 3) Africa to America = Slaves

Example of Transnational Immigrants:

1) European immigrants to the United States in the nineteenth century who exchanged letters, money, and arranged marriages across the Atlantic 2) Mexican Americans who hold political office in Mexico 3) Fuzhounese workers in the New York City area who maintain ties via hometown associations

Refuegees:

1) Forced to move beyond national borders 2) 19.5 million people worldwide

Both Refuegees and Internally Displaced Persons:

1) Forced to move due to persecution, armed conflict, or disasters

Internally Displaced Persons:

1) Forced to move within country of origin

Ways the "Occupy Wall Street" Movement was Not Framed:

1) Framing of the movement with specific goals framing of the movement as a local movement 2) Taking place in Zuccotti Park

Way the "Occupy Wall Street" Movement was Framed:

1) Framing of the movement with the slogan "We are the 99%" 2) Framing of the movement as simultaneously virtual and physical

Example of Neoliberal Economic Policy:

1) Free markets 2) Reduction of government funding for social services 3) Privatization of state-owned infrastructure

Not Predictions Made by Modernization Theories:

1) Fundamental structural flaws would trap their economies in poverty 2) The world would be reorganized into core and periphery nations

Global inequality continues to increase. In 2015, the world had nearly 1 billion people going hungry each day and living in extreme poverty. Over 3 million children under the age of five die of malnutrition each year.

1) 1 Billion 2) 3 Million

Strategies of Fordism:

1) A living wage that will encourage workers to be loyal to their employer 2) Social compact between labor and corporations

Predictions Made by Modernization Theories:

1) A shift from poverty to improved standards of living 2) More investment in industrialization

Not an Example of Transnational Immigrants:

1) American citizens who live full time in the United States but travel frequently around the world for a variety of reasons

Anthropologist Margaret Mead presented ethnographic evidence of people settling conflicts without going to war. Her main idea comes through in the title of her article, "Warfare is Only an Invention—Not a Biological Necessity."

1) An invention 2) Not a biological necessity

Characteristics of Both Al Azhar Fatwa Court and Personal Status Court (Egypt):

1) Based on principles of Islamic Sharia 2) Deals with domestic matters

Ecological Overshoots:

1) Buildup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere 2) Depletion of freshwater systems

Adam Smith's Idea on Capitalism:

1) Capitalism works best when government is not involved. 2) This philosophy inspired the neoliberal economic worldview.

John Maynard Keynes's Idea on Capitalism:

1) Capitalism works best when government takes a moderating role. 2) This philosophy has been applied and used to rebuild various decimated economies in the twentieth century.

Events that led to today's global economy in chronological order:

1) China led the world in establishing long-distance trade routes. 2) The European conquest of the New World launched an era of colonialism. 3) The Industrial Revolution created intense international competition for raw materials, labor, and markets. 4) Anti-colonial independence movements created many new nations.

Local Responses to War in Mozambique:

1) Community and political leaders left and became refugees in other countries. 2) The community found new ways to continue with their everyday lives.

Events of the Costa Rican Crisis in Chronological Order:

1) Costa Rica gained early independence from Spain and built an economically strong and politically stable country. 2) Costa Rica got involved in the civil wars of various neighboring countries while a debt crisis simultaneously racked Latin America. 3) The U.S.-sponsored Food for Peace program delivered huge quantities of subsidized food to Costa Rica. 4) Costa Rican farmers could not compete with subsidized food and went out of business, ending Costa Rican food self-sufficiency. 5) Costa Rican farmers protested until the government gave them low-interest loans.

Chinese restaurant workers migrate from rural China to work in inexpensive Chinese takeout restaurants that can be found in abundance across the United States. Place each step in the migration process in chronological order.

1) Cross the U.S. border with the help of a smuggler 2) Visit an employment agency in New York City to find a job 3) Take a long-distance bus to a new job in a Chinese restaurant 4) Work long hours for low pay

Characteristics of Al Azhar Fatwa Court (Egypt):

1) Decisions are taken seriously and respected 2) Nonbinding rulings

Characteristics of a Personal Status Court (Egypt):

1) Decisions viewed with suspicion and are ignored 2) Legally binding rulings

Not Behaviors Observed in Primates After Conflicts:

1) Distancing 2) Ongoing aggression

Statements Describing Core Countries:

1) Dominate the world system 2) Primarily industrialized former colonial states

Not a Characteristic of Early Political Anthropology:

1) Early political anthropologists sometimes used the words band and tribe interchangeably. 2) Early political anthropology rejected typologies in favor of ethnographic descriptions.

Characteristics of Early Political Anthropology:

1) Early political anthropology developed after World War II. 2) Early political anthropologists created a typology to organize different political systems.

Still Influenced by Keynesian Economic Philosophy:

1) Economic stimulation through public investment in infrastructure projects 2) Governmental provision of a social safety net

Neoliberal Political Approaches:

1) Eliminating trade barriers 2) Reduced government influence in economy 3) Lower taxes

Evidence that War Is a Cultural Invention:

1) Groups settle disputes without going to war. 2) Groups sometimes go to war to settle disputes.

Pastoralism is:

A strategy for food production involving the herding and domestication of animals

Redistribution:

Accumulated wealth is collected from members of a group and reallocated in a different pattern.

Example of Refugee:

Adnan and his family leave Syria and move to Canada due to persecution in Syria.

Example of labor immigrant:

Amalburga moves from Indonesia to Saudi Arabia so she can find employment as a domestic worker.

Agriculture is:

An intensive farming strategy for food production involving permanently cultivated land

What is a civil society organization?

Black Lives Matter, because it is a nongovernmental organization that challenges police practices.

Anthropologist Carolyn Nordstrom:

Everyday people resist war by helping each other and contributing to their communities.

True or False: Christopher Columbus's voyage to the Americas was the first to usher in a new era of global economic trade.

False

True or False: Systems of power, including the state, usually have dominant hegemonic power and control over the population.

False

True or False: Though it was important in its day, Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis is considered outdated and unhelpful for understanding the economic dynamics of globalization today.

False

Carolyn Nordstrom:

Local communities may resist war in creative ways

Catherine Lutz:

Militarization includes the glorification of war in popular culture

Anthropologist Catherine Lutz:

Militarization shapes many aspects of culture beyond just the military.

Another name for civil society organizations is:

Nongovernmental Organization

New York, New York

Occupy Wall Street movement

Hussein Ali Agrama:

Religious justice councils can adjudicate claims meaningfully, even without state power.

Bands:

Rise of genus Homo

Tribes:

Rise of pastoralism and horticulture

Marc Edelman:

Rural social movements can resist the effects of globalization.

Bangladesh

Sundarbans campaign

Market Exchange:

Symbolic markers of value, such as money, are used to mediate exchanges.

Example of Professional Immigrant:

Tali moves from Ghana to the United States when the University of Michigan employs her as an economics professor.

Define "Terror Warfare:"

Terror Warfare is the destruction and disruption of all aspects of civilian life.

Horticulture is:

The cultivation of plants for subsistence through non-intensive use of land and labor

Reciprocity:

The exchange of resources, goods, and services among people of relatively equal status that strengthens human bonds.

Defining "Vertical Encompassment:"

The overreaching awareness of the state's perpetual presence

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states?

Today, all bands, tribes, and chiefdoms must exists alongside the persuasive influence of states

Philosopher Thomas Hobbes:

Violence is the natural state of human affairs when political institutions collapse.

Jeffrey Juris:

Virtual space and physical space can intersect in ways that strengthen social movements.

Example of Entrepreneurial Immigrant:

Wang Wei leaves China for Miami, where he establishes a Chinese restaurant.

Why is the phrase brain drain used to describe one result of immigration?

When highly educated people immigrate, their sending country loses what they could have contributed. (Their brain power)

Fatwa:

response to a question on how to live ethically and rightly