Oncology Prep Mastery Lvl

While doing a health history, a client tells you that her mother, grandmother, and sister died of cancer. The client wants to know what she can do to keep from getting cancer. What would be your best response? a) "With your family history, there is nothing you can do to prevent getting cancer." b) "Cancer often skips a generation, so don't worry about it." c) "If you eat right, exercise, and get enough rest, you can prevent breast cancer." d) "You can't prevent cancer, but you can have your blood analyzed for tumor markers to see what your risk level is."

"You can't prevent cancer, but you can have your blood analyzed for tumor markers to see what your risk level is." Specialized tests have been developed for tumor markers, specific proteins, antigens, hormones, genes, or enzymes that cancer cells release. Options B and C are incorrect, and giving the client these responses would be giving inaccurate information. Options D is incorrect because it minimizes and negates the clients concern.

Which of the following is the single largest preventable cause of cancer? a) Tobacco b) Pesticides c) Asbestos d) Arsenic

...

Which of the following is a term used to describe the process by which a new blood supply is formed? a) Apoptosis b) Angiogenesis c) Carcinogenesis d) Mitosis

Angiogenesis Angiogenesis is the process by which a new blood supply is formed. Apoptosis is the innate cellular process of programmed cell death. Mitosis is the phase of the cell cycle in which cell division occurs. Carcinogenesis is the process by which cancer arises.

A client complains of sporadic epigastric pain, yellow skin, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and fatigue. Suspecting gallbladder disease, the physician orders a diagnostic workup, which reveals gallbladder cancer. Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for this client? a) Disturbed body image b) Chronic low self-esteem c) Anticipatory grieving d) Impaired swallowing

Anticipatory grieving

5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is classified as which type of antineoplastic agent? a) Nitrosoureas b) Mitotic spindle poisons c) Antimetabolite d) Alkylating

Antimetabolite

Which type of vaccine uses the patient's own cancer cells that are prepared for injection back into the patient? a) Prophylactic b) Autologous c) Therapeutic d) Allogeneic

Autologous Autologous vaccines are made from the patient's own cancer cells, which are obtained during diagnostic biopsy or surgery. Prophylactic vaccines, such as polio vaccine, are given to prevent people from developing a disease. Therapeutic vaccines are given to kill existing cancer cells and to provide long-lasting immunity against further cancer development. Allogeneic vaccines are made from cancer cells that are obtained from other people who have a specific type of cancer.

Which of the following does a nurse thoroughly evaluate before a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) procedure? a) Family history b) Blood studies c) Allergy history d) Drug history

Blood studies

The nurse is providing education to a patient with cancer radiation treatment options. The nurse determines that the patient understands when he or she states that which of the following types of radiation is aimed at protecting healthy tissue during the treatment? a) External b) Brachytherapy c) Teletherapy d) Proton therapy

Brachytherapy Explanation: In internal radiation, or brachytherapy, a dose of radiation is delivered to a localized area inside the body by use of an implant. With this type of therapy, the further the tissue is from the radiation source, the lower the dose. This helps to protect normal tissue from the radiation therapy

Which of the following occurs when there is accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space that compresses the heart? a) Cardiac tamponade b) SIADH c) DIC d) Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS)

Cardiac tamponade

Which primary cancer treatment goal is prolonged survival and containment of cancer cell growth? a) Palliation b) Control c) Cure d) Prevention

Control The range of possible treatment goals may include complete eradication of malignant disease (cure), prolonged survival and containment of cancer cell growth (control), or relief of symptoms associated with the disease (palliation). Prevention is not a treatment goal when the patient has already been diagnosed with cancer. Prevention of metastasis to a secondary site may be a goal.

The nurse is caring for a thyroid cancer client following oral radioactive iodine treatment. Which teaching point is most important? a) Use disposable utensils for the next month. b) Prepare food separately from family members. c) Shield your throat area when near others. d) Flush the toilet twice after every use.

Flush the toilet twice after every use.

The nurse is working with a patient who has had an allohematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and notices a diffuse rash and diarrhea. The nurse contacts the physician to report that the patient has symptoms of which of the following? a) Nadir b) Graft-versus-host disease c) Acute leukopenia d) Metastasis

Graft-versus-host disease Graft-versus-host disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who have had allogeneic transplant. Clinical manifestation of the disease include diffuse rash that progresses to blistering and desquamation, and mucosal inflammation of the eyes and the entire GI tract with subsequent diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hepatomegaly.

A client is receiving the cell cycle-nonspecific alkylating agent thiotepa (Thioplex), 60 mg weekly for 4 weeks by bladder instillation as part of chemotherapy regimen to treat bladder cancer. The client asks the nurse how the drug works. How does thiotepa exert its therapeutic effects? a) It interferes with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication only. b) It destroys the cell membrane, causing lysis. c) It interferes with ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcription only. d) It interferes with DNA replication and RNA transcription.

It interferes with DNA replication and RNA transcription.

Which of the following is a growth-based classification of tumors? a) Leukemia b) Carcinoma c) Sarcoma d) Malignant

Malignant Explanation: Tumors that are classified on the basis of the cell or tissue of origin are carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, and leukemias. Tumors classified on the basis of growth are described as benign or malignant.

In which phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur? a) G1 phase b) S phase c) Mitosis d) G2 phase

Mitosis Cell division occurs in mitosis. RNA and protein synthesis occurs in the G1 phase. DNA synthesis occurs during the S phase. DNA synthesis is complete, and the mitotic spindle forms in the G2 phase.

According to the TNM classification system, T0 means there is a) no distant metastasis. b) no regional lymph node metastasis. c) distant metastasis. d) no evidence of primary tumor.

No evidence of primary tumor

The nurse evaluates teaching as effective when a female client states that she will a) Use sunscreen when outdoors. b) Decrease tobacco smoking from one pack/day to half a pack/day. c) Exercise 30 minutes 3 times each week. d) Obtain a cancer history from her parents.

Use sunscreen when outdoors.

The nurse is evaluating the client's risk for cancer and recommends changes when the client states she a) eats red meat such as steaks or hamburgers every day b) uses the treadmill for 30 minutes on 5 days each week c) drinks 1 glass of wine at dinner each night d) works as a secretary at a medical radiation treatment center

eats red meat such as steaks or hamburgers every day

A decrease in circulating white blood cells is a) granulocytopenia. b) leukopenia. c) neutropenia. d) thrombocytopenia.

leukopenia.

A serum sodium level lower than 110 mEq/L is associated with a) seizure. b) weight gain. c) myalgia. d) anorexia,

seizure. Correct Explanation: Serum sodium levels lower than 110 mEq/L is associated with seizures, abnormal reflexes, papilledema, coma, and death. Anorexia, weight gain, and myalgia are associated with serum sodium levels lower than 120 mEq/L.

The nurse is preparing to assess a patient whose chart documents that the patient experienced extravasation when receiving the vesicant Vincristine on the previous shift. The documentation also notes that an antidote was administered immediately. The nurse prepares to assess for which of the following? Select all that apply. a) Tissue necrosis b) Sloughing tissue c) Effectiveness of antidote d) Active bleeding

• Sloughing tissue • Tissue necrosis • Effectiveness of antidote

A client receiving chemotherapy has a nursing diagnosis of Deficient diversional activity related to decreased energy. Which client statement indicates an accurate understanding of appropriate ways to deal with this deficit? a) "I'll play card games with my friends." b) "I'll eat lunch in a restaurant every day." c) "I'll bowl with my team after discharge." d) "I'll take a long trip to visit my aunt."

"I'll play card games with my friends." During chemotherapy, playing cards is an appropriate diversional activity because it doesn't require a great deal of energy. To conserve energy, the client should avoid such activities as taking long trips, bowling, and eating in restaurants every day. However, the client may take occasional short trips and dine out on special occasions.