ops test 3
A location decision for an appliance manufacturer would tend to have what type of focus?
cost focus
What is the ability to respond with little penalty in time, cost, or customer value?
flexibility
In linear programming, a solution that does not simultaneously satisfy all constraints is called an
infeasible solution
A fast food restaurant is generally considered to be an example of
low customization and low degree of labor.
The main goal of retail layout is:
maximizing profitability per square foot of floor space.
Industrial location analysis typically attempts to:
minimize costs
In a linear programming formulation, a statement such as "maximize contribution" becomes a(n):
objective function.
Which of the following is not a requirement of a linear programming problem?
one constraint or resource limit for each decision variable
Which of the statements below best describes office layout?
positions workers, their equipment, and spaces/offices to provide for movement of information
Which of the quadrants in the service process matrix has high labor intensity and high customization?
professional service
Which of the following allocates display space and responds to customer behavior?
retail layout
A transportation problem has 8 origins and 6 destinations. The optimal solution of this problem will fill no more than ________ cells with quantities to be shipped.
13
Feasible region top right black
8X1 + 4X2 ≥ 160
Consider the transportation problem and its optimal solution in the tables below. What is total shipping cost?
$3140
The northwest-corner rule is best used
to generate an initial feasible solution to a transportation problem
When applying the stepping-stone method, we test each
unused cell.
In transportation modeling, when is a solution NOT degenerate?
when the number of occupied squares equals the number of sources plus the number of destinations minus 1
If we wish to ensure that decision variable values in a linear program are integers rather than fractions, the generally accepted practice is to round the solutions to the nearest integer values
False
In linear programming, if there are three constraints, each representing a resource that can be used up, the optimal solution must use up all of each of the three resources.
False
In the graphical solution to a linear program, the region that satisfies the constraint 4X + 15Z ≥ 1000 includes the origin of the graph
False
In the graphical solution to a linear program, the region that satisfies the constraint 4X + 15Z ≥ 1000 includes the origin of the graph.
False
The transportation model is an excellent tool for minimizing shipping costs among existing facilities, but it is not useful when firms consider new facility locations.
False
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding location decisions?
Once management is committed to a specific location, many costs become relatively easy to reduce.
An example of an intangible cost, as it relates to location decisions, is the quality of education.
True
Automated storage and retrieval systems are commonly used in distribution facilities of retailers
True
A firm's process strategy is its approach to transforming resources into goods and services.
True
Lists have been developed that rank countries on issues such as "competitiveness" and "corruption."
True
The transportation model is a special class of linear programming models
True
Unfavorable exchange rates can offset other savings in a location decision.
True
Suppose that an iso-profit line is given to be X + Y = 10. Which of the following represents another iso-profit line for the same scenario?
X + Y = 15
Which of the following products is likely to be assembled on a repetitive process line?
automobiles
A linear programming problem has three constraints, plus nonnegativity constraints on X and Y. The constraints are: 2X + 10Y ≤ 100; 4X + 6Y ≤ 120; 6X + 3Y ≥ 90.
15
Which of the following represents a valid constraint in linear programming?
2X + 7Y ≥100
A transportation model fills one-half of its cells under the non-degenerate optimal solution. Which of the following most closely describes the number of sources compared to the number of destinations?
4 to 3
In transportation modeling, how do we handle degeneracy?
Allocate a zero quantity in one or more of the unallocated cells
A good layout requires determining
Amaterial handling equipment. B.environment and aesthetics. C.cost of moving between various work areas. D.capacity and space requirements answer E all the above
Allen Air Conditioning manufactures room air conditioners at plants in Houston, Phoenix, and Memphis. These are sent to regional distributors in Dallas, Atlanta, and Denver. The shipping costs vary, and the company would like to find the least cost way to meet the demands at each of the distribution centers. Dallas needs to receive 800800 air conditioners per month, Atlanta needs 600, and Denver needs 200200. Houston has 850 air conditioners available each month, Phoenix has 650, and Memphis has 300. The shipping cost per unit from Houston to Dallas is $88, to Atlanta $12, and to Denver $10. The cost per unit from Phoenix to Dallas is $1010, to Atlanta $14, and to Denver $9. The cost per unit from Memphis to Dallas is $11, to Atlanta $8, and to Denver $12.
Dallas Atlanta Denver Dummy Suppl Houston 8 12 10 0 850 Pheonix 10 14 9 0 650 Memphis 11 8 12 0 300 Demand 800 600 200 0 Transportation any starting method Unbalanced Dummy destination
A transportation problem requires exactly as many origins as destinations.
False
In terms of linear programming, the fact that the solution is infeasible implies that the "profit" can increase without limit.
False
Neither the northwest-corner rule nor the intuitive method considers shipping cost in making initial allocations
False
The Chris Beehner Company manufactures two lines of designer yard gates, called model A and model B. Every gate requires blending a certain amount of steel and zinc; the company has available a total of 25,000 lb of steel and 6,000 lb of zinc. Each model A gate requires a mixture of 125 lb of steel and 20 lb of zinc, and each yields a profit of $80. Each model B gate requires 100 lb of steel and 30 lb of zinc and can be sold for a profit of $45.
Linear programming Aim is to Maximize A B Maximize 80 45 steel 125 100<= 25000 zinc 20 30<= 6000
A linear programming problem contains a restriction that reads "the quantity of Q must be no larger than the sum of R, S, and T." Formulate this as a linear programming constraint.
Q − R − S − T ≤ 0
A transportation problem has two origins: A can supply 20 units and B can supply 30 units. This problem has two destinations: C requires 25 units and D requires 35 units. Which of the following is true?
The problem will require a dummy supply with a capacity of 10 units.
Which of the following is FALSE regarding repetitive processes?
They allow easy switching from one product to the other.
What is the primary reason why retailers tend to locate high-draw items around the periphery of the store?
This arrangement will help to maximize customer exposure to other items in the store.
A binding constraint has zero slack or surplus.
True
A common form of the product-mix linear programming problem seeks to find that combination of products and the quantity of each that maximizes profit in the presence of limited resources.
True
A feasible solution in transportation models is one in which all of the supply and demand constraints are satisfied.
True
A transportation problem with 8 sources and 6 destinations will have an optimal solution that uses at most 13 of the 48 possible routes.
True
A transportation problem with a total supply of 500 and a total demand of 400 will have an optimal solution that leaves 100 units of supply unused.
True
Degeneracy in a transportation problem is when no closed path exists for evaluating an unused cell.
True
In a transportation minimization problem, the negative improvement index associated with a cell indicates that reallocating units to that cell would lower costs.
True
Linear programming helps operations managers make decisions necessary to make effective use of resources such as machinery, labor, money, time, and raw materials.
True
A linear programming problem contains a restriction that reads "the quantity of X must be at least three times as large as the quantity of Y." Which of the following inequalities is the proper formulation of this constraint?
X − 3Y ≥ 0
Capital Co. is considering 5 different projects. Define Xi as a binary variable that equals 1 if project i is undertaken and 0 otherwise, for i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Which of the following represents the constraint(s) stating that projects 2, 3, and 4 cannot all three be undertaken simultaneously?
X2 + X3 + X4 ≤ 2
Which of the following combinations of constraints has no feasible region?
X + Y ≥ 100 and X + Y ≤ 50
A transportation problem has an optimal solution when:
all of the improvement indices are greater than or equal to zero.
The initial solution to a transportation problem can be generated several ways, so long as:
all supply and demand conditions are satisfied.
Consider the transportation problem and its optimal solution in the tables below. The cell Source 3- Destination 3 is currently empty. What would be the change in the total shipping cost if the largest possible amount were shipped using that route, leaving all the supply and demand conditions unchanged?
an increase of $450
What is the region that satisfies all of the constraints in linear programming called?
area of feasible solutions
An optimal solution to a linear programming problem MUST lie
at the intersection of at least two constraints.
If a layout problem is solved by use of heuristics, this means that:
a satisfactory, but not necessarily optimal, solution is acceptable.
Which one of the following products is most likely made in a job shop environment?
custom furniture
In linear programming, choices available to a decision maker are called
decision variables
In transportation model analysis, the stepping-stone method is used to:
evaluate empty cells for potential solution improvements
What is a drawing of the movement of material, product or people?
flowchart
An improvement index indicates:
how much total cost would increase or decrease if a single unit was reallocated to that cell.
The stepping-stone method:
is used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of shipping goods via transportation routes not currently in the solution.
Which of the following is an approach to solving a linear programming minimization problem graphically?
iso-cost
A large quantity and large variety of products are produced in
mass customization
The main objective of retail layout is to
maximize profitability per square foot of floor space.
Retail layouts are based on the notion that:
maximizing customer exposure rate maximizes sales and profit.
Using the iso-profit line solution method to solve a maximization problem requires that we:
move the iso-profit line away from the origin until it barely touches some part of the feasible region.
Which of the following constitutes a major trend influencing office layouts?
off-site employees
A location decision for a traditional department store (e.g., Macy's) would tend to have what type of focus?
revenue focus
What is the value of one additional unit of a scarce resource in LP?
shadow price
What is the name of the algorithm that solves linear programming problems of all sizes?
simplex method
Which of the following is an algorithm for solving linear programming problems of all sizes?
simplex method
What is an iterative technique for moving from an initial feasible solution to an optimal solution in the transportation method?
stepping-stone method
What is the maximum quantity that can be shipped along a new route (unused square) that has been chosen to receive allocation during the stepping-stone process?
the smallest number found in the squares containing minus signs
In a minimization problem, a negative improvement index in a cell indicates that the
total cost will decrease if units are reallocated to that cell.