Organization FINAL EXAM

Provisions from which piece of legislation, such as Medicare's increased focus on chronic disease prevention, new models of care for reducing re-hospitalizations, improved care coordination, and annual screening for cognitive impairment will assist with changing attitudes toward elderly patients?

2010 Affordable Care Act

Which of the following is a method of inequity resolution?

Cognitively distorting inputs or outcomes Altering inputs or outcomes Changing the comparison other

Managers are not dependent on others due to two organizational factors: division of labor and limited resources.

False

Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of individuals, groups, and organizations.

False

Theory Y states that employees are unintelligent and lazy.

False

What is an unstructured and informal network founded on social relationships rather than organizational charts or job descriptions called?

Grapevine

The ____________________ is the bias that occurs when people know they are being studied.

Hawthorne Effect

Different types of groups prefer specific styles of leadership. Members' preference would be based on the leadership style they perceived as right or natural due to their personal socialization process.

True

Leadership can be defined as a complex process by which an individual sets direction and influences others to accomplish a mission, task, or objective, and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.

True

Management and leadership are both necessary for an organization to achieve its goals

True

Organizational behavior analyzes individual and group behavior while trying to predict how they will behave and provide managers with tools to assist is managing individual and group behaviors.

True

The University of Michigan studies attempted to determine the most effective style of leadership: an employee-centered focus or a production-centered focus.

True

There are two conditions for power to exist: (1) there is an unequal relationship between two people, and (2) where one of the two is dependent upon the other.

True

Under the Great Man Theory, many believed that individuals are born with leadership traits.

True

A single entity owning and operating all of the segments providing health care including preventative services, specialized and primary ambulatory care, acute care, subacute care, long-term care, home health care, as well as a health plan is an example of which of the following?

Vertical integration

_____________________ has evolved to meet the need for better technology and information infrastructure that allows for information sharing, patient care management, and cost control?

Virtual integration

There are six areas of responsibility for health care organizations. Which of the following are included in these?

being in full compliance with legal requirements. avoiding philanthropic activities. meeting ethical and fiduciary obligations. providing economic benefits to the community. offering unique benefits to the community.

Managers must ensure that employees have adequate resources to reach their goals. Which of the following are support elements?

company policies training action plan -Incorrect!-

Managers make attributions about employees based on "consistency" and "distinctiveness" as well as "the extent to which an employee's performance is the same or different from other employees," otherwise known as:

consensus

Because __________________ among employees is generally good for overall organizational effectiveness, it is helpful to understand the cognitive processes that help foster this state of heightened motivation.

empowerment

According to the Institute of Medicine, research demonstrates that there are no variations in the rates of medical procedures by race and that all patients receive equal treatment.

false

Alderfer's ERG theory like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory requires an individual to satisfy a lower level need for a higher-level need to become the driver of a person's behavior.

false

Although valid 20 years ago, Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions are no longer applicable to understanding the influence national culture has on organizational and managerial behaviors.

false

An employee's degree of satisfaction is proportionate to the actual amount of rewards he or she is receiving.

false

Attributions are always an accurate reflection of reality.

false

Cultural differences have no effect on provider-patient relationships.

false

Due to the extensive training physicians receive in the care and management of geriatric patients, ageism is not an issue in the health care industry.

false

Each content theory of motivation is separate, distinct, and unrelated.

false

Hygiene factors relate to job content and motivators/satisfiers relate to job context.

false

The Porter-Lawler Satisfaction-Performance Model can be viewed as an extension of both Expectancy Theory and Equity Theory because it takes into consideration employee satisfaction and job performance.

false

The health care industry has been a leader for embracing diversity management.

false

When a person evaluates another as generally low on many traits after observing poor performance on just one trait, the negative carryover effect is known as:

horn effect

According to Vroom's VIE theory, an individual's perception that his or her performance is related to other outcomes, either positively or negatively, is referred to as:

instrumentality

Which attribution refers to a state of heightened motivation that is focused on an undesirable behavior or goal?

learned helplessness -Incorrect!-

Fritz Heider argued that all people were _____________________ who have an innate desire to understand the causes of behaviors and outcomes.

naïve psychologists

What type of reinforcement occurs when an unpleasant effect is eliminated or avoided?

negative

Sharing information without using words is known as:

nonverbal communication

The process by which we interpret and organize sensory information to produce a meaningful experience of the world is known as:

sensation/perception???

Overly generalized, and typically negative, views about a group of people is known as a:

stereotype

Which of the following are key elements to effective communication for physicians and hospital administrators?

the desire to communicate. an understanding of how others learn. the receiver of the message should be cued to the purpose of the message.

According to B. F. Skinner, an individual's behavior can be redirected through the use of reinforcement.

true

An attribution is a causal explanation for an event or behavior.

true

Because of our increasingly diverse population, health care professionals need to be concerned about their cultural competency, which is the same as cultural awareness or sensitivity.

true

Employee motivation has a direct impact on a health services organization's performance

true

If failures are caused by unstable internal forces, such as insufficient effort, it is important for employees to make that attribution even if it is not the most desirable short-term conclusion.

true

Instrumental aggression describes behaviors targeted at obtaining a goal that the employing organization is not providing.

true

Managers need to be conscious of the fact that all employees are not driven by the same needs, nor is any employee driven by the same need, at the same time.

true

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs had a great influence on the study of organizational behavior.

true

One of the major criticisms of the Expectancy Theory is that it does not take into account the relationship between employee performance and job satisfaction.

true

Organizational rules and norms can cause learned helplessness among employees in the same manner that experiments induce it in dogs.

true

People who are non-resilient are likely to err in their attributions and are prone to blame others or themselves for their failures

true

Preconceived thoughts or beliefs can affect whether or not we hear opinions or information that disagree with our own.

true

Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins was a legal case where a female lawyer claimed discrimination based on gender stereotyped statements

true

The content theories of motivation focus on the assumption that individuals are motivated by the desire to satisfy their inner needs.

true

The frustration-regression principle of the ERG theory explains that when a barrier prevents an individual from obtaining a higher level need, a person may "regress" to a lower-level need (or vice versa) to achieve satisfaction.

true

The scheduling of reinforcement is important because the frequency will determine the time it takes to learn a new behavior.

true

A leader is a person who directs the work of employees and is responsible for results.

False

Which of the following emphasizes systems, processes, procedures, and so forth for personnel management and is usually housed in a functional unit within organizations?

Human resources management

Through the value-based purchasing initiative enacted by the Affordable Care Act, what has transformed from a passive payer to an active purchase of higher quality, more efficient health care?

Medicare

Which type of manager balances the concern for task and the concern for people in an effort to boost morale and satisfaction?

Middle-of-the-road

The earliest trait studies were based on which theory which assumed that leaders were born and these born leaders possessed specific characteristics or traits that set them apart?

The Great Man Theory

Which of the following are part of the "Big 5" personality traits measured with personality tests?

OCEAN openness conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism

Promoting psychological closeness is a proper technique for avoiding which of the following tendencies?

Optimistic attribution style

At my workplace, I never get to talk to my supervisor. I always have to hear the news from one of the staff who happens to be the supervisor's favorite employee. Which type of communication barrier is this?

Personal

What is another name for the "self-fulfilling prophesy" where individuals tend to live up to other's stated expectations about us?

Pygmalion Effect

"Having value" is an important component of both reward power and coercive power for either power to be effective.

True

A major outcome of the interviewing program associated with the Hawthorne Studies was that researchers discovered that workers were social beings and their attitudes toward change in the workplace.

True

A study of successful business leaders found that they shared the following traits: drive, honesty and integrity, leadership motivation, self-confidence, cognitive ability, knowledge of the business, creativity and flexibility.

True

A weakness noted in the Ohio State studies was that situational factors were absent from the research.

True

Flows of communication can be combined into patterns called communication networks.

True

According to Herzberg, the opposite of job satisfaction is job dissatisfaction.

false

The levels in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs are:

self-actualization, self-esteem, affiliation, safety, and physiological. -incorrect!-

At my workplace, I never have an opportunity to speak with the vice president of my division, since I must speak with my direct supervisor, who then speaks with the division manager, who then relays my message to the vice president. This is an example of which communication network?

Chain

Employees without formally defined power positions exercise significant personal power within an organization by creating a sense of:

Dependency

Which gain power because others have delegated responsibilities to them that they themselves do not want to do but which are accompanied with a certain amount of power?

Employees

Which are fundamental principles described by Edgley and Robinson for dialogue to be successful?

Engage motivated people. Have the group develop procedures. Let the process move at its own pace.

Which have a tremendous potential for power by withholding information or providing incorrect information?

Experts

A major outcome of the interviewing program associated with the Hawthorne Studies was that researchers discovered that workers were isolated, unrelated individuals.

False

According to French and Raven, an individual can only hold one source of power at a time.

False

Organizational behavior analyzes the entire organization and is a macro perspective since the organization is the unit being examined

False

Scientific management was significant to the development of organizational behavior because it demonstrated the important influence of human factors on worker productivity.

False

The classical approach to management focused on the human relations aspect in the workplace.

False

Using reason, logic, and compromise in attempting to influence others, as well as attempting to convince others that certain actions are in their own best interest is indicative of which upward influence tactic?

Rationality

An individual may be unaware that he or she possesses which type of power because another person desires to be associated with or identifies with him or her?

Referent Power

Which of the following are included in the four levels of feedback described by Keyton?

Relational feedback Group feedback Individual feedback Task or procedural feedback

The tri-component model suggests that human attitudes have three factors. They are:

actions beliefs feelings

Festinger (1957) suggested to refer to which of the following when we perceive an inconsistency between two or more of our internal attitudes or between our behavior and attitudes.

cognitive dissonance

According to Vroom, the forces that drives a person to perform is dependent upon four factors: motivation, valence, instrumentality, and expectancy.

false

There are several barriers that can impede the communication process. What are the two categories described by Longest, Rakich, and Darr?

personal and environmental

According to Hofstede's research, which dimension is the measure of how a society deals with physical and intellectual inequalities and how the culture applies power and wealth relative to its inequalities?

power distance

Minority patients who have a choice are more likely to select health care providers of their own racial or ethnic background and are generally more satisfied with the care they receive from minority professionals.

true

Workers from the Millennial generation are characterized as dedicated, hardworking, and loyal.

true