OT02 - The Prophets of Israel & Judah
Ahab
; involved in the battle of Qarqar against ShalmanesarIII of Assyria; King of Northern kingdom following his father Omri...viewed as evil, married Jezebel (arranged by Omri), and fought with Elijah and Elisha, had daughter Athaliah and sons Ahaziah and Joram
How was the "flood in the city of Nineveh fulfilled?
An overflowing reservoir broke and sent water under the walls of Nineveh thereby collapsing sun dried brick.
Nahum: Background?
Assyria and its capital city of Nineveh was a bitter oppressor of Israel and Judah, often placing both nations under bondage and tribute. Assyria carried the Northern Kingdom into captivity in 721 BC
Who is Hananaiah?
False prophet who opposed Jeremiah, declaring God had broken the yoke of Babylon
Samaritans
Inhabitants of Samaria. Separated from the rest of Judaism after about 400 BCE, had own edition of Torah and a temple on mount Gerizim. Transplanted to Levant by Assyria. Worshiped Yahweh along with their gods.
What scripture teaches that the earth is round?
Isaiah 40:22
How do we know some of the foreigners came to true faith?
Isaiah says their offerings will be accepted and that God will not separate them
Who was the last righteous king of Judah and led the nations last revival?
Josiah 641 to 610 bc
Manasseh succeeded King Hezekiah at the age of 12 and was the longest ________ of JUDAH. He murdered the prophet Isaiah and while imprisoned by Assyria he repented and was saved.
reigning and worst of all the kings
What is the Joy of Habakkuk?
Once we have truly been in the presence of God, we can truly learn to have joy in the Lord in any circumstances! As was the case with Job, once we truly see God in His Glory, all of our questions are replaced with total TRUST in His power, His wisdom and His love!
He was a cabinet minister of King Solomon and led the revolt that divided the kingdom. His ___________ caused ISRAEL to sin.
false alter and golden calf religion
Who came to live in Israel once the Israelites were gone?
foreigners
Jeroboam II
greatly expanded Israel's territory in a generally prosperous reign, though the prophets Amos and Hosea denounced the nation's economic injustices(2 Kings 14).
What will restoring the earth include during the millennial reign? 4 things
healing of all sickness, healing of all deformed, no natural death, no accidents or disasters
Who is Nebuzardan?
Chief of staff of Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar and instructed to treat Jeremiah with kindness after the fall of Jerusalem
Who is Pashur?
Chief temple priest who had Jeremiah whipped and put into stocks.
How does Jeremiah parallel Christ?
Christ wept over the same city some 6 centuries later.
Habakkuk is the author of the great theological declaration, _______
"The just shall live by his FAITH" as quoted in Romans 1:17, Gal 3:11 and Hebrews 10:38
Jeremiah: Key Chapter?
31: The New Covenant
How many people were saved at the revival of Nineveh?
600,000.
Jeremiah: Time of Writing?
627 bc to 570 bc. 60 years
List the 3 events that form the background of Jeremiah.
721 bc - Assyria conquers Israel and then is prevented from conquering Judah only by the miraculous intervention of God in answer to prayers of Isaiah and Hezekiah, 605 bc - first Babylonian invations of Judah when Daniel is taken captive., 597 bc - 2nd Babylonian invasion of Judah. Ezekiel is carried captive to Babyln. Babylon had marched against Egypt itself and suffered a major defeat. Judah had then switched allegiance to Egypt and was punished with this invasion. 586 bc - 3rd Babylonian invasion Judah. Judah attempts its final rebellion against Babylon and suffers defeat. Jerusalem is destroyed. The temple is burned and Jeremiah is temporarily taken captive but allowed to return to Jerusalem.
When did Israel fall?
722
Quote Jeremiah 33:3
Call to me and I will answer you, and will tell you great and hidden things that you have not known.
Assyria
A large territory centered along the upper Tigris River in Mesopotamia;The empire that dominated the near east from the eleventh to the seventh centuries BCE it destroyed the state of Israel but was overthrown by a coalition of Babylonians and Medes in 612 BCE
Jeremiah: Main Content?
A message of judgement at Judah's final hour. Because of Judah's sin, he was sending Babylon to conquer Judah and carry them into captivity. They were supposed to surrender to the consequences of their sin. Jeremiah proclaimed this message for 40 years.
Jehu
A son of Jehoshaphat (not the king of Judah) whom the prophet Elisha anointed king of Israel and who then slaughtered Ahab's family and all connected with it; his long reign was distinguished by the loss of Israel's territory and the enforced payment of tribute to Assyrian overlords
What is the literary form of Lamentations?
Acrostic. A different Hebrew letter begins each of the 22 verses in chapters 1, 2 and 4.
Who was king during Sargon II's campaign in 720?
Ahaz
What are the implications of Isaiah 28: 9 -13?
Because Israel had rejected the Word of God when it was preached unto them simply in their own language, God would send His Word of Judgement in another "tongue." In Deuteronomy it was warned that one cursing for disobedience was to be spoken to in another tongue which was the language of the nation that would take them captive. This passage also instructs us to teach our children simple line by line and precept by precept teachings.
Why was Jeremiah the most persecuted of all OT prophets?
Because they saw him as a traitor due to him saying that Judah would be defeated bc of God's judgement and therefore should surrender to Babylon.
Quote Jeremiah 1:5
Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee, and before thou comest forth out of the womb I santified thee, and I ordained thee a prophet unto the nations.
How did Shalmaneser V deal with the rebellion of Israel?
Destroyed Samaria and carried off Hoshea
Who encouraged the rebellion against Sargon II in 713?
Egypt
by 712 what area was in control of Assyria?
Everything in the Levant except Judah
What is the book of Lamentations composed of?
Five eulogies, or funeral songs.
When was Nineveh first mentioned in the bible?
Gen 10:8-12. The city was first build by Nimrod who also built the Tower of Babel and the city of Babylon. He was also the founder of the world wide false religion Mystery Babylon
What are God's answers to Habakkuk?
God will judge all Injustice. God will judge the wicked - according to His appointed time.
Where does tradition say Jeremiah wrote Lamentations?
Golgatha
Habakkuk: Main Content?
Habakkuk looks around at the sin of his nation and the cruelty of wicked oppressors and asks the age old question, "Why does God allow the righteous to suffer and sinners to prosper? God answers these questions with His JUSTICE, his TIMING AND his GLORY!
Who was Habakkuk?
Habakkuk meaning, embrace, was the final prophet called to the Southern Kingdom before its fall to Babylon. He was not only a prophet, but also a Levitical chorister in the Temple Choir.
Habakkuk: Background?
Habakkuk prophesied to the sole surviving kingdom of Judah during the death throes of a nation.
What did Jesus do for the Samaritans?
He opened the door for them to become full children of Abraham
What did Ahaz do when Sargon II campaigned down the coast as far as Gaza?
He remained Pro-Assyrian
How did Isaiah show when and how Judah should resist Assyria
He walked around dressed like a prisoner
Who was Zephaniah related to?
He was the great great grandson of King Hezakiah and like Isaiah he was a prophet of the royal court.
What will the Messiah restore during the Millennium?
He will restore Israel as his Holy People and He will restore the Earth by removing the CURSE of sin from the physical world.
Describe the writing style of Habakkuk.
He wrote in a style more akin to the poetical wisdom literature than the prophets. In fact, the final verse reveals the book was actually a song.
The thirteenth king of JUDAH was _______ who was the second most godly (the most godly king of JUDAH was Josiah, grandson of Hezekiah).
Hezekiah
Who was king during Sargon II's campaign in 713?
Hezekiah
Who was the last king of Israel?
Hoshea
The last king of ISRAEL was ______ . He became a ______ of the king of Assyria by sending him tributes every year. He later joined Egypt against Assyria. Assyria conquered Israel, imprisoned Hoshea and took Israel into captivity.
Hoshea vassal
The first king of ISRAEL (Northern Kingdom) was _______.
JEROBOAM
Who became a vassal of Babylon when Egypt was defeated in 605 bc?
Jehoiakim
Who was opposed to Jeremiah and took a pen knife to destroy the book of Jeremiah?
Jehoiakim
Ahab tricked the godly king _______ (4th king of JUDAH) into a two fold compromise - a matrimonial and a military alliance. He defeated ____ twice but was slain in a subsequent battle with them
Jehoshaphat Syria
Kings of JUDAH ______ was the fourth king of JUDAH and was the second good king of JUDAH. He instituted a nationwide ____ ____ program. His major mistake was to compromise with Ahab (seventh king of ISRAEL) and his two sons.
Jehoshaphat Religious reforms
What books did Jeremiah write?
Jeremiah, Lamentations and 1 and 2 Kings.
Kings of JUDAH Jehoiakim was the eighteenth king of JUDAH and considered to be the third worst king. He experienced the first of three invasions by Babylon. He persecuted ___________ and at his death received the burial ___________.
Jeremiah, burnt portions of the Bible - of a donkey (as foretold by Jeremiah).
What is the 2nd longest book in the bible?
Jeremiah. Maybe the longest actual book since Psalm is a compilation of songs.
Why does the deportation of Israel differ from that of Judah?
Judah would go to 1 place and Israel went to 3 places
Habakkuk was the final prophet given to ______ before the ____
Judah, Babylonian Captivity just as Micah (who ministered to both kingdoms) had been the final prophet given to Israel before the Assyrian Captivity.
Kings of JUDAH Athaliah was the daughter of ..................... and widow of Joram the fifth king of JUDAH. She became the seventh ruler of JUDAH, by killing off all her grandchildren (except Joash who was in hiding) at the death of Ahaziah, her son. She was later executed by _____ the priest.
King Ahab and Jezebel Jehoiada
Hoshea
King of Israel who at first paid tribute to appease the Assyrian army, but after they had withdrawn this king turned to Egypt for military aid against the Assyrians.
Lamentations: Recipients?
Lamentations was written to the captives in Babylon to show that God had faithfully delivered the Coventant Curses on Israel for their sin, even so, He would faithfully fulfill His promises of Restoration for their Repentance.
Who is the first and second biblical writer that wrote the greatest amount of scripture?
Moses first, then Jeremiah
Nahum: Main Content?
Nahum is a warning about the danger of spiritual erosion. It reveals the horrible danger of failing to pass the faith along to the next generation.
Elijah
Name means "Yahweh is my God" a prophet from the northern kingdom who prophesied against King Ahab's tolerance of Cults of Baal. Carried to heaven in a whirlwind. Synoptic Gospels identify John the Baptist as the returned Elijah along with Moses, he appears at Jesus Transfiguration
Zimri
New Dynasty, killled the entire line of Baasha and Elah, reigned for 7 days (885 B.C.), during a siege of his palace he sets it on fire and dies in it.
Who built Nineveh?
Nimrod, Head of the Tower of Babel project and of worldwide false religion.
Was Hoshae successful in throwing off the yoke of Assyria? Why?
No, Shalmaneser V returned to deal with him
What was Hezekiah advised to do during the Assyrain battle in 713?
Not to make an alliance with Egypt
Kings of JUDAH After the passing of King Solomon, his son _______ became king but caused the civil war and the break up of the nation into the Northern Kingdom (Israel) and the Southern Kingdom (JUDAH).
Rehoboam
Who was Johanan?
Ruled as governer after Gedaliah and against Jeremiah's warnings, attempted to flee with a Jewish remnant to Egypt taking Jeremiah with them as their prisoner.
Who took credit for the victory over Israel?
Sargon II
What happened that Hoshea tried to throw off the yoke of Assyria?
Shalmaneser V took the throne and was distracted by uprisings in Babylon
Ahaziah
Son of Jehoram and Athaliah/ chosen king because the Arabians killed his older brothers/ Walked in the ways of Ahab (worshipped baal)/ Both him and Joram were killed by Jehu
What message did Habakkuk gather from God's answers?
Stop complaining! Stop doubting! God is not accomplish his divine purpose. Habakkuk was to stand in humble silence.
Zephaniah: Main content?
Tells of the Day of the Lord, a Day of Judgement and a Day of Restoration.
What does Isaiah 53:5 tell us?
That He was wounded (meaning to bore) and bruised mean "to beat until it crumbles to peaces for our transgressions and iniquities.
What does Nahum 2:6, 8 predict?
That Nineveh will be destroyed by a "flood" when the "gates of the rivers" are opened and that the 100 foot stone walls and stone palace would literally dissolved.
What does Isaiah 53:3c say about the Messiah?
That he was a man of SORROWS and acquaintd with grief because of his early mission.
What make Nineveh different from other ancient gentile cities in the bible?
That it knew God under the preaching of Jonah, but had complete apostatized into paganism.
What was Isaiah's vision for the land bridge/
That it would one day not be a place for war between major powers
What did Isaiah 53:2-3A predict?
That the Messiah would be despised.
What did Isaiah 53:3b predict?
That the Messiah would be rejected because of His Message.
What does Isaiah 53:4b describe?
That the nation of Israel would look upon the cross as a righteous sentence imposed by God himself upon a blasphemer named Jesus of Nazareth!
What does Isaiah 53:6 tell us?
That we are ALL guilty and that Christ died for ALL men.
Nahum: Subtitle?
The Destruction of Nineveh
Habakkuk: Subtitle?
The Doubting Thomas of the Old Testament
What did Isaiah 53:1-3 predict?
The Messiah to be rejected by Israel
What does Isaiah 53:7-9 describe?
The Messiah's suffering in SILENCE, his DEATH for our sin, His CROSS BETWEEN THEIVES, and his BURIAL in a RICH man's tomb.
What will be rebuilt in Jerusalem?
The Temple
Lamentations: Subtitle?
The Wailing Wall of the Bible, Jerusalem's Funeral
Jeremiah: Subtitle?
The Weeping Prophet with a Wrathful Message.
Who and where will the Messiah reign during the Millennium?
The World from His Spiritual Capital in Jerusalem?
Samaria
The capital of the northern kingdom (israel) Samaria was founded by Omri (c. 876-869 BCE (1 kings 16:25-25) and was destroyed by the Assyrians in 721 BCE (2 kings 17)
Jezebel
The daughter of King Ethbaal of Tyre and wife of Ahab, king of Israel, who promoted the worship of Baal and Persecuted the prophet Elijah: under Jehu's orders, her body was thrown out to be eaten by dogs (1 kings 21; 2 kings 9)
What is the subtitle for Zephaniah?
The day of the Lord - A Day of Wrath and Restoration.
Tiglath-pileser III
The emperor of Assyria and the biblical "pul" who captured Damascus in 732 BCE and compelled tribute from Israel and Judah
What is Nahum an example of? Hint: Fulfillment of Gen 15:16
The justice of God.
What does Isaiah 53:4a describe?
The key word is OUR. It shows the Substitutionary Atonement and Sacrifice of Christ described in the Old Testament and describes that Christ died for our sins. "Surely He hath borne our griefs and carried our sorrows..."
Naboth
The owner of a vineyard that King Ahab of Israel coveted and whom Queen Jezebel had stoned for blasphemy, an injustice that the prophet Elijah used to help overthrow Ahab's dynasty (1 kings 21; 2 kings 9-10)
What were the deportations?
The population transfers within the assyrian empire to prevent revolts
What is the strength of Habakkuk?
The presence of God gives us the strength to stand in the midst of the Valley or upon the mountain top!
Discuss the New Covenant
The promise of the New Covenant guaranteed that the Old Covenant and the Law would pass away; it was inaugurated at the death of Christ, but will see it's ultimate fulfillment in the complete restoration of the Jews as God's Covenant people in the Millenium; it is unconditonal, unchangeable, unending, enabling, atoning, gives new hearts rather than new rules through the regeneration of the Spirit and it brings the forgiveness of sins.
Elisha
The prophetic successor to Elijah, famous for his miracles, who anointed Jehu to replace Ahab as king of Israel (ninth century BCE)
Zephaniah: Theme?
The restoration of Israel in the Day of the Lord
Omri
The sixth ruler of the northern kingdon(876-869 BCE) one of Israel's most militarily successful kings whose achievements the Deuteronomistic authors largely ignore (2 Kings 16:23-28)
What is the message to us in Habakkuk?
There is a time to silence our questions and TRUST our God.
What did the foreigners do once in Samaria?
They adopted YHWH along with their gods
What were the reasons for the defeat of Israel?
They tried to throw off their yoke and so that people would know YHWH was God, they broke the covenant
Zephaniah predicts the reversal of the curse of _____
Tower of Babel
What is Jeremiah known for and what does his name mean?
Weeping prophet. Name means Jehovah hurls down or Jehovah establishes a foundation.
What are Habakkuk's Two Main Questions?
Why does God allow Suffering and Injustice? How Can God use the Wicked?
What are Habakkuk's Great Questions to God?
Why doesn't God hear my prayers? Why doesn't God solve my problems? Why does God allow the wicked to prosper? Why does God allow the righteous to suffer?
Habakkuk: Key Word?
Why?
List 9 things the Messiah will "usher in" during the millennium.
Worldwide peace, Unparalleled joy, Personally minister to and comfort every need, Age of holiness, Universal outpouring of the Holy Spirit, Perfect Understanding, Perfect Unity, Marvelous Light, natural and glorified bodies.
Quote Isaiah 26:3
You keep him in perfect peace whose mind is stayed on you, because he trusts in you.
Quote Jeremiah 29:13
You will seek me and find me when you seek me with all your heart.
With Jehoiada's passing, Joash became a cruel king, even agreeing to the stoning of the High Priest ______ who had called for national repentance. King Joash was executed by his own palace guards.
Zechariah
What vassal king saw his sons killed and then was blinded?
Zedekiah
Kings of JUDAH The twentieth and last king of JUDAH was ________ He persecuted Jeremiah, joined Egypt in a revolt against Babylon. He was defeated, was blinded and taken captive____ ______ Jerusalem and the Temple were destroyed.
Zedekiah. to Babylon.
What book mentions the Day of the Lord more than any other book?
Zephaniah
The tenth king of ISRAEL was Jehu who was appointed king by Elisha to destroy Ahab's Dynasty. He was well known for _____ _____ and for executing Jehoram (9th king of ISRAEL) and Ahaziah (6th king of JUDAH) and for executing .................
chariot riding Jezebel together with the priests of Baal.
Kings of JUDAH Joash became the ______ king of JUDAH at the age of 7. While he was under the direction of Jehoiada the priest, he lived for God.
eighth
Why did the Jewish people hold the Samaritans at length?
ethnic and religious impurity
What would become of the syncritism of the foreigners?
it would become monotheistic and much like Judaism
Shalmaneser V
laid siege to Israel's capital, Samaria, for three years but died before he could take the city(2 kings 17)
He re-instituted the ______ feast, organized the books of Psalms and Proverbs, saw God's answer to his prayer in the destruction of the Assyrian army and was informed by the prophet Isaiah that God had given an ............. to live.
passover extra fifteen years
The seventh king of ISRAEL was Ahab. He married Jezebel, worshiped Baal and was denounced by Elijah and Macaiah who ______________.
predicted his death
Zephaniah: Key Word?
the DAY of the Lord
Zephaniah: Background?
the Northern Kingdom of Israel had already fallen to Assyria by the time of Zephaniah. In the South, the 55 evil years under wicked kings Manessah and Amon had a profound effect upon Judah, from which it never fully recovered. Zephaniah's prophecies helped bring about a temporary revival in 621 bc under King Josiah, but it was far too little and far too late! After Josiah's death, the people quickly turned back to their sin.
Who would the foreigners become?
the Samaritans
Josiah was the sixteenth king of JUDAH and was ___________. He re-discovered the books of Moses and led the nation in a great revival. He was later slain in battle with Egypt.
the best king after David.
What do Isaiah's teachings on the foreigners show about his writings?
the so called second book was written in the 8th century.
Zephaniah: Destination?
the southern and sole surviving kingdom of Judah
Sargon II
the successor of Shalmaneser V and King of Assyria who completed his predecessor's three year siege of Samaria and captured the city, bringing the northern kingdom to an end in 722/721 BCE (2 Kings 17)
Uzziah was the 10th king of JUDAH. He was a good king, a mighty warrior and a great builder. However he _______ of the priesthood and God punished him with leprosy.
trespassed into the sacred duties
