Outstanding (Incredible) Final Geography Quizlet 5

Mediterranean Sea

The Kerkena Islands lie in an inlet formed by this body of water, while the Cape Tres Forcas that juts into it houses the Melilla exclave. The city of Benghazi lies on the Gulf of Sidra, which is a part of this body, and the Balearic Islands also lie in it. The Gulf of Cagliari is another inlet formed by it, and the Strait of Messina separates one island in this sea from the mainland to its north. It connects with the Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar. The Adriatic Sea and the Aegean Sea are parts of, for 10 points, what sea that is sandwiched between Europe and North Africa?

Ohio River

The Marble Hill Nuclear Power Plant is situated on this river, and other towns on this river include Lewisport and Wheeling. The McAlpine Locks and Dam can be found on this river, and the Green River and the Cumberland River both feed into it. The Great and Little Miami Rivers also empty into this river, and The Forks historically possessed great strategic value. Kanawha River is a major tributary, while its only rapids is located at Louisville, Kentucky. It is formed by the confluence of two other rivers at Point State Park. For 10 points, name this largest tributary by volume to the Mississippi, which forms from the Allegheny and Monongohela in Pittsburgh.

Danube River

The Naab River is a tributary of this river, and the Belene Island forms where it bifurcates. The Iron Gate dam was built along this river, which lies to the west of a bridge built on it by Trajan. The Tisza and Nava Rivers join this river after it flows through a national capital, and it originates in the Black Forest. Flowing through cities such as Belgrade and Bratislava is, for 10 points, what river which empties into the Black Sea and is the subject of a waltz by Johann Strauss?

North Carolina

The Pamplico Sound lies off this state's eastern shore, and the Neuse River flows past New Bern in this state. The Pisgah National Forest contains the Black Mountains in this state, and the French Broad River rises here. The Cape Hatteras National Seashore lies in the Outer Banks of this state, and this state's Mount Mitchell is the highest point east of the Mississippi River. For 10 points, name this state that includes cities such as Wilmington and Greensboro with its capital at Raleigh.

Ural Mountains

The Pay-Khoy ridge forms an extension to the northern tip of this range, and the Mughalzhar Hills are a southern extension of this range. Perm, Orsk, and Orenburg are some of the industrial centers in it, and the Kama River collects water from much of its western slope. Its northernmost tip is Novaya Zemlya, and its highest peak is Mount Narodnaya. Located in west-central Russia, for 10 points, name this mountain range that forms the traditional border between Europe and Asia.

Volga River

The Rybinsk reservoir is made up of water from this river, and is found north of the Uglich Highlands. It runs past Saratov, and its tributaries include the Oka and Vyatka. It has hydroelectric power stations at Ivankovo, and this river rises in the Valdai hills and has a Baltic canal. Its major tributary is the Kama, and this river flows past Nizhy Novgorod and Samara. It has a reservoir at Volgograd and flows out of Astrakhan into the Caspian after its canal with the nearby Don. For 10 points, name this longest Russian river.

Rio De La Plata

The Samborombon bay is found at the mouth of this river, and the Matanza river empties into it. On its northern bank lies the city of Colonia del Sacramento. Its navigable part is called the Canal Punto Indio, and the Isla Martin Garcia is also located in this river. The province of Entre Rios is located at the formation of this river near the confluence of the Uruguay and the Parana rivers. For 10 points, identify this river, which forms a big estuary at its mouth in the Atlantic, and on whose banks lie Montevideo and Buenos Aires.

Idaho

The Sawtooth Mountains are found in the central part of this state, and the namesake of the fourth largest city in this state, the seat of Bannock County, gave up part of the Fort Hall Indian Reservation. Eagle and Meridian are suburbs of this state's largest city, and this state contains the deepest gorge in the United States. Only Utah has a greater percentage of Mormons than this state, and Priest Lake and the city of Coeur d'Alene are in this state's northern panhandle. Home to the cities of Lewiston and Pocatello and bordered to the west by Washington and Oregon, for 10 points, name this state whose capital is Boise.

Aral Sea

The Turan Lowlands lie to this body's southeast, while cities of Nukus and Muynok are in Karakalpakstan, which lies to the south of this body of water. Nuclear tests were performed on its Vozrozhdeniya Island, and deserts near it include the Kyzyl Kum. The Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers both flow into this. Construction of the Qaraqum Canal off the Amu Darya to irrigate the desert for cotton farming was highly inefficient, allowing loss of 50% of the water it carried and was a chief contributor to the severe desiccation. Having lost more than 80% of its volume since 1960, this is, for 10 points, what formerly 4th largest lake in the world located in central Asia?

Burma

The largest minority group in this country are the Shan people. One of its major rivers, the Salween, empties into the Gulf of Martaban. This country is home to the Shwe Dagon Pagoda, and (*) Mandalay is a major transportation hub of this nation. The Naga Hills lie on this nation's border with India, and the major river of this nation is the Irrawaddy. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian nation, a former British colony where a military junta suppressed protests by monks in 2007.

Arctic Ocean

The lowest point in this body of water is the Fram Basin, which is interrupted by the Nansen Cordeilla. It includes the Lomonosov Ridge, which may contain oil and gas reserves and is the subject of competing land claims due to dubious continental shelf extensions. Touching Cape Morris Jesup, this body of water has the highest percentage of continental shelf of any other ocean and includes ports at Barrow, Prudhoe Bay and Murmansk. For 10 points, identify this ocean which in 2007 lost nearly 10 million kilometers of sea-ice during the summer thaw.

Chad

The lowest point in this nation is the Djourab Deppression, and in its northeast is the Ennedi Plateau. The Oubangui Plateau is in the south of this country, and Mount Koussi is found in this nation's Tibesti Massif. The only rivers in this nation are the Chari and Logone, and this nation's Aozou Strip has been a point of contention with this nation's neighbor to the north. For 10 points name this African country located south of Libya with capital at N'Djamena.

Carlsbad Park

The national park named for this feature also contains Rattlesnake Springs, and it was formed from remnants of the Capitan Reef. Explored by Jim White, this place is near Lechugilla Cave as well as the home of The Monarch, Slaughter Canyon Cave. Its own features include the (*) Witch's Finger, the Rock of Ages, and the Bottomless Pit in places like the Queen's Chamber and the Big Room. For 10 points, name this cave system famous for its bat flight, located in southeastern New Mexico.

Burma

The owner of the Mergui Archipelago and the islands of Cheduba and Ramree, this nation contains the Sittang River which flows into the Gulf of Martaban. Its largest lake, Indawgyi, its highest peak, Hkakabo Razi, and the source of its Mali Hka River lie in the northern state of Kachin where the Hengduan Mountains form its border with the Yunnan province of China. Containing the mouths of the Salween and Irrawaddy Rivers, for 10 points, name this Southeast Asian nation whose largest cities include Naypyidaw, Mandalay and the former capital, Yangon.

Ontario

The southernmost point of this province is part of Point Pelee National Park, and the large Polar Bear Park is located along its northern coastline. This province's largest island is Manitoulin, which is also the world's largest island within a body of fresh water, and this lake-filled province is also home to one of the world's largest freshwater ports in (*) Thunder Bay. It is also the location of major border towns such as Sault Sainte Marie and Windsor, as well as the national capital of Ottawa. For 10 points, identify this most populous Canadian province with capital at Toronto.

Kansas

The tributaries of this state's namesake river include the Big Blue and Smoky Hill. The Flint Hills are located in the east-central portion of this state. This state is home of Horse Thief Canyon and the Gypsum Hills, which are located near Medicine Lodge. This state's highest peak is Mount Sunflower, and the city of Lawrence lost out on being its capital by two thousand, seven hundred votes. The home of the geographic center of the contiguous fifty states, for 10 points, name this state, whose cities include Overland Park, Wichita and Topeka.

Madagascar

The volcanic Ankaratra Massif lies in its center, and this nation's Great Cliff of Angavo is bordered by the Betsimisaraka Escarpment. The Mandrare, Mananara, and Ivondro rivers are located in this nation, and its largest port is Toamasina. Lake Alaotra is its largest lake, its highest peak is Maromokotro, and the coelacanth (SEEL-uh-canth) lives off its shores. This country's largest ethnic group is the Merina, and this former colony of France is located on the east of the Mozambique Channel. For 10 points, name this African island nation, with its capital at Antananarivo.

Kenya

The western Kakamega Forest is the last remnant of a rainforest in this country. Containing the Ewaso Ng'iro and Athi-Galana-Sabaki Rivers, this nation's economy is based in a city with landmarks such as Fort Jesus, Tudor Creek and Kilindi Harbour while the capital's name translates as "Place of Cool Waters" in Maasai. Halford Mackinder was the first person to climb its namesake seventeen-thousand- foot peak. For 10 points, name this East African country whose cities include Mombasa and the capital, Nairobi.

Caucasus Mountains

They extend south from the Kuma and Manych river basins, and between their two ranges lie the Shirak Steppe. They include the Dykshu, Bezingi, and Karaugom glaciers, and the largest lake in this mountain system is Sevan. Mount Aragats is located to the west of Lake Sevan, and the Talish Mountains are located in this system. Divided into the Greater and Lesser ranges, for 10 points name this mountain system located between the Caspian and Black seas with their highest peak at Mount Elbrus.

New Hampshire

This American state's city of Berlin is the site of textile mills on the Androscoggin River, and Laconia is on its Lake Winnipesaukee. With its eastern neighbor, this state shares the Isles of Shoals, and it is the origin of the Merrimack River. Its (*) Presidential Range includes its highest point, Mount Washington, part of the White Mountains. Formerly home to the Old Man of the Mountain, its western border is defined by the Connecticut River. For 10 point, name this state, home to Dartmouth University and the capital city of Concord.

Bahamas

This archipelago includes the eastern banks of Mouchoir, Silver, and Navidad. Its large southern island of Great Inagua is home to a monstrous colony of American Flamingoes. Several of its larger northern islands contain pineyard ecosystems, as do the Caicos Islands. Islands in this group include Great Abaco, Cat, and Eleuthera. The Tongue of the Ocean separates its tripartite Andros Island from the Exuma Cays and New Providence Island. The nation named for these islands has its capital at Nassau. For 10 points, name this archipelago north of Cuba and east of Florida.

Mekong River

This body of water is the namesake of a four-nation commission formed in 1957 to develop hydroelectric projects using its water. Khone Falls prohibits navigation of one section of this river, whose early course is called the "River of Turbulence" and flows parallel to the Salween. Starting at the River of Rock in the Tanggula Mountains, this river drains both the Khorat Plateau and the western portion of the Annamese Cordillera, and the Sab River connects it to Tonle Sap. Branching into the Massac south of Phnom Penh and forming part of the Laos-Myanmar border, for 10 points, name this longest river of Southeast Asia.

Rio De Janeiro

This city entirely contains Tijuca National Park, which boasts the largest urban forest in the world. This city's edges are home to the infamous slums known as favellas, which are far from its major attractions such as Maracana Stadium. Its other points of interest include (*) Sugar Loaf Mountain and a giant statue atop Corcovado Mountain known as Christ the Redeemer. Also home to Copacabana beach, for 10 points, identify this second-largest city of Brazil, misnamed because Portuguese explorers mistook its harbor for an estuary.

Montevideo

This city has a "sister city" relationship with the seat of Chippewa County, Minnesota, with which it shares its name. This city's namesake department is bordered by Canelones on the north and San Jose on the northwest. The Rodo Park is located in this city to the north of the Punta Carretas. To the west of this city, the Santa Lucia River empties into an isthmus formed by the Rio de la Plata. For 10 points, identify this South American city whose name means "I see a mountain" and is the capital of Uruguay.

Milwaukee

This city's initiative to provide free wireless internet started at its Cathedral Square Park. Its Monarch Trail is a good place to check out migrating butterflies, and this city is also home to the Boerner Botanical Gardens. The Root River rises in New Berlin and flows through this city, the largest on that river's course. This city spans three counties, including Washington and Waukesha. It is located at the confluence of its namesake river with Kinnickinnic and the Menomonee. Situated on Lake Michigan, for 10 points, name this largest city in Wisconsin.

Armenia

This country controls the exclave of Bashkend in its eastern neighbor, while four spots within this country's borders, including Barkudarly, are controlled by that same neighbor. The east-central of this country includes the city of Zod but is dominated by Lake Sevan. Its southeast borders the noncontiguous Nakchivan area, while this country vies for influence in the secessionist Nagorno- Karabakh area of Azerbaijan. Also bordering Georgia, Iran, and Turkey, for 10 points, name this Caucasian republic whose capital is Yerevan.

Burma

This country is home to a city that was built by such kings as Anawratha and Kyanzittha. It owns such as islands as Ramree, Preparis, and Cheduba, and the city of Sagaing is near the point at which the Chindwin branches off from this country's longest river. Indented by the Gulf of Martaban, its Shan province is home to the Salween River, and the capital lies on the Sittang River and was renamed Naypyidaw after it was decided that the former capital, site of the Shwedagon Pagoda, was too susceptible to American naval invasion. For 10 points each, name this country, the site of cities such as Mandalay and Yangon, or Rangoon.

Belize

This country's namesake river is also known as the Old River. Its highest point has recently been confirmed to be Doyle's Delight, not Victoria Peak. The courses of the Hondo and Sarstoon Rivers define much of this country's northern and southern borders. It shares the Yalbac Hills and Vaca Plateau with Guatemala. Along the coast are the cities of Monkey River, Placentia and Dangriga, and off the coast of Gale's Point is the second-longest barrier reef in the world. It shares a border with the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, and is the only English-speaking country in Latin America. Formerly known as British Honduras, for 10 points, name this country with capital at Belmopan.

Canada

This country's only hot desert is the Nk'mip, located near the town of Osoyoos in the southwest. This country disputes Hans Island with its eastern neighbor, and its political subdivisions come together in a "Four Corners" near Kasba Lake. The Okanagan Valley in this country contains a trail used by gold-rushers to reach Fraser Canyon. Garibaldi Mountain may be an active volcano in this country, whose northeast contains a gigantic region of bedrock known as the Laurentian Shield. For 10 points, name this North American country often known as "America's Hat."

Laos

This country's southern portion includes the Bolovens Plateau, and like the region of Nong Khai across the Mekong, the area around this country's capital is sometimes home to Naga Fireballs. it contains a region full of huge ancient stone containers, the Plain of Jars. The Annamese Cordillera runs along the eastern border of this nation. Large areas in this country are still filled with unexploded mines from this country's Secret War. The Mekong flows past a city which was once the capital of Lan Xang, Louangphrabang. For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian country with a capital at Vientiane.

Australia

This country's west portion includes a river formed from salt lakes near Peak Hill in the south edge of its Robinson Ranges, and which flows to the sea at Kalbarri. Northwest of its town of Meekatharra is Mount Augustus, one of the claimants to the title of "world's largest monolith." Jervis Bay Territory is often considered a state on its east seaboard, which also features the Great Dividing Range. Also featuring the Yarra River, Ayers Rock, Darwin, and Alice Springs, for 10 points, name this country next to the Great Barrier Reef, whose capital is Canberra.

Borneo

This island includes the protected Danum Valley, as well as a particular type of tropical lowland peat swamp drained and burned by the region's government. The northern part of this island was once leased to Britain by the local sultan, and its two largest cities are Kuching and Banjarmasin, the latter of which was the seat of government for the Dutch. Many of the indigenous people belong to the Dayak tribes. To its northeast are Palawan and the Sulu Sea, while the Makassar Strait separates it from Sulawesi. One portion of it is known as Kalimantan, and its northern section includes the regions of Sarawak and Sabah. For 10 points, name this extremely large island shared between Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia.

Honshu

This island's Minami Alps and Akaishi Mountain Range are found within the Chudu region, which is bounded to the north by the Kiso and Hido Mountain Ranges. The island's Shiga ken prefecture is the location of Lake Biwa. This island is bounded to the north by the (*) Tsugaru Strait. The Misaka-Tenshu Range contains Lake Yamanaka, Lake Sai, and three other lakes that surround Mount Fuji, which is located on this island. For 10 points, Osaka and Hiroshima as well as the capital, Tokyo, are located on which island, the largest of Japan's four main islands?

Bulgaria

This polity contains the Pirin and most of the Rhodope Mountains, while the Rila range, found in its southwest, contains its highest peak, Mount Musala. A bunch of Eneolithic golden artifacts were found in this country's Varna Necropolis archeological site, while the Golden or Round Basilica in Preslav was built during the reign of its first tsar, Simeon I. The Maritsa River flows through Upper Thrace's largest and this country's second largest city, Plovdiv. The Danube forms most of its northern border with Romania, and its eastern coast is on the Black Sea. For 10 points, identify this southeastern European country with capital at Sofia.

Yosemite National Park

This region includes Tenaya Valley, and an old tradition here consisted of pushing a bonfire off a cliff in a namesake "firefall" on Glacier Point. This park is near a cliff of polygonal basalt columns, Devils Postpile National Monument, and it includes Bridalveil Fall. Its namesake (*) falls drop into the Merced River, and, like Sequoia National Park, its creation was instigated by John Muir. Its notable features include El Capitan and Half Dome. For 10 points, name this national park located in the Sierra Nevadas of eastern California.

Scotland

This region includes an archipelago to the west which is separated from the mainland by the North Minch, along with an island with volcanic plugs such as the Old Man of Storr, as well as Dunvegan Castle. On its southern border are the Cheviot Hills, while its highest peak lies in the Grampians. That peak is Ben Nevis. Waterways in this region include the Solway and Moray Firths, as well as the River Clyde, which runs past Glasgow. Its Caledonian Canal links several of its lakes, including Loch Ness. Its capital is Edinburgh. For 10 points, name this region north of England which is part of the United Kingdom.

Horn Of Africa

This region includes much of the district of Oromia, whose Bale Mountains contain a population of Simien Wolves. This region also contains the Ogaden Plateau, which has been a site of breakaway insurgents in recent years. The easternmost tip of this region is Cape Guardafui and its easternmost section is the region of Puntland. Off its coast lies the Socotra archipelago. To the north of this area are the Bab al-Mandeb and the Gulf of Aden, while to its south is the Indian Ocean. For 10 points, name this region of Africa containing Somalia and Ethiopia.

Tagus River

This river is crossed by the Puente de San Martin as well as the Alcantara Bridge, which lies beneath San Servando Castle. It flows through Aranjuez and Talavera de la Reina downstream from its source in the Albarracin Mountains, and El Greco painted it in "View of Toledo." The Pepper Wreck, a 17th-century caravel returning from India, sank in its estuary, which is visible from Belem Tower and the Vasco da Gama Bridge. FTP, identify this longest river of the Iberian Peninsula that divides Portugal and passes through Lisbon.

Orange River

This river lies south of the Karas Region, and near its mouth it is blocked by impassable rapids. Dams on it include the Gariep, named for the indigenous term for this river, as well as the Vanderkloof. The former dam is connected to the Great Fish River by a tunnel, so that this river's water can alleviate shortages elsewhere. The Augrabies Falls lie on it, and it empties into the Atlantic at Alexander Bay. This river flows south of Kimberley before meeting its largest tributary, the Vaal River. For 10 points, name this large river of Southern Africa.

Missouri River

This river passes through Ponca State Park, and it ultimately begins at Brower's Spring. The Pick- Sloan program developed this river, resulting in the creation of Lake Sharpe behind Big Bend Dam, as well as Fort Peck Dam. It forms near Three Forks where the (*) Gallatin, Jefferson, and Madison rivers meet, and its tributaries include the Yellowstone and Platte rivers. It passes by the state capitals of Bismarck and Pierre after beginning in Montana. For 10 points, name this river that flows past St. Louis before entering the Mississippi in its namesake state.

Indus River

This river passes through the Thal and Thar deserts, and the Khyber Pass runs parallel to one of its tributaries. It is fed by the confluence of the Chenab and Sutlej rivers, and, along with the Brahmaputra, it flows from Mount Kailash. The city of Hyderabad lies near this river's delta on the (*) Arabian Sea. It is spanned by the Tarbela Dam near Islamabad and passes through the Punjab plain and Kashmir. For 10 points, name this river that originates in Tibet and flows through Pakistan, the namesake of the earliest known civilization of the Indian subcontinent.

Congo River

This river's Inga Dam will soon produce double the output of the Three Gorges Dam, and it was independently explored by Diogo Cam and James Tuckey. This waterway has tributaries including the Inkisi, Sangha and Kasai rivers, while it reaches the ocean near Muanda. Forming Boyoma or Stanley Falls, this river flows through Kisangani and the Malebo Pool while its largest tributaries include the Lualaba and Ubangi. The city of Brazzaville lays on, for 10 points, which second-longest river in Africa, once known as the Zaire?

New Mexico

This state includes the northern peaks of the Guadalupe Mountains, an ancient reef. It also contains the western half of the Llano Estacado. Parks in its northwest region include the misnamed Aztec Ruins, Petroglyph, and Chaco Culture, and Shiprock is a large exposed needle-like rock in this state. Its highest point is Wheeler Peak, in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, and the Pecos River originates in this state. The Trinity Site is located in a missile range surrounding its White Sands National Monument, and it also contains Carlsbad Caverns. Its largest city is Albuquerque. For 10 points, name this U.S. state whose capital is Santa Fe.

Wyoming

This state's Niobrara County sees the origin of the Niobrara River, and the Flaming Gorge dam lies along the Green River, which originates in its Wind River mountains. Boysen Reservoir is formed by a dam on this state's Wind River. The Ganette peak is the highest point in this state, closely followed by the Grand Teton peak, and another of its cities is home to Vice-President Dick Cheney, Jackson Hole. Also home to Yellowstone National Park, for 10 points, identify this state with capital Cheyenne.

Aleppo

This city's qadi sought the aid of the Abbasid Caliph when its ruler, Radwan ibn Tausch, proved unwilling to fight Tancred, but after Zengi united it with Mosul it achieved prominence in the campaign to recapture Jerusalem. Located northeast of Latakia, this city with a large Christian population long dominated the silk trade with the French as well as the countryside north of Hama and Homs, which lie midway between Damascus and this city near the Turkish border. FTP, identify this second most populous city in Syria.

Euphrates River

This river's excess water is sent to Lake al-Habbaniyyah and Lake al-Milh. It is formed by the Karasu and Murat rivers and runs through the Taurus Mountains. It forms the western border of the Jazirah region, and five canals built by the Sassanids diverted some of its water to the east. Dams on it include the Ataturk, and it forms Lake al-Asad in Syria. It joins with another river to the east at the village of al-Qurnah to form the Shatt al-Arab, which flows into the Persian Gulf. For 10 points, name this river of Mesopotamia, often paired with the Tigris.

Tasmania

A namesake bird of this island is the flightless "Native-hen." The northwest portion of this island features the large rain forest named the Tarkine. This island once was home to the Thylacine, now thought to be extinct. That animal, this island's eponymous (*) "Tiger," featured a pouch on both sexes. This island also features a namesake "oak," which is actually a eucalyptus tree. It is separated from a larger island by the Bass Strait. For 10 points, name this island with capital at Hobart, a state of Australia perhaps best known for its namesake "Devil."

Salzburg

Adolf Hitler used to vacation 30km south of this city at the Berghof, but modern visitors here are best entertained by its Mirabell Palace, which boasts trick fountains that squirt tourists. This city is also home to the rococo Leopoldskron Palace near the Untersberg. It was ceded to Bavaria along with the Tyrol by the Treaty of Schonbrunn, while the Anschluss forced the Von Trapp family to flee this city named for its reserves of salt. Best known as the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, this is, FTP, what second most populous city in Austria?

Solomon Islands

Alvaro de Mendana gave this archipelago its name after discovering gold in the Mataniko River, surmising that it once supplied gold to the Levant. It includes the islands of Santa Isabel and Choiseul and lies north of Vanuatu and south of Nauru, the island on which John F. Kennedy found refuge when commanding PT-109 in this archipelago. Geographically, this island group also contains Bougainville, which is part of Papua New Guinea. Most famous as the site of the World War II battle for Guadalcanal, these are, FTP, what Melanesian islands with capital at Honiara?

Seattle

An amusement park named Playland once existed in this city's Bitter Lake neighborhood, and part of state route 99 through this city is known as the Alaskan Way Viaduct. A former utilities plant gives its name to this city's Gas Works Park, and neighborhoods in this city include Green Lake and Rainier Beach. This city's namesake "Center" includes the Experience Music Project and a tower built for the 1962 World's Fair. Located on Puget Sound, for 10 points, name this large Washington city which includes the Space Needle.

Pyrenees Mountains

Cap de Creus is on the eastern end of this mountain range, where bandits who kill St. Aubert in The Mysteries of Udolpho live. A range on the Moon named for it separates Mare Nectaris and the Sea of Tranquility, and The Stone Raft deals with events caused by a crack in it. The location of Cirque de Gavarnie, a treaty named for this range was signed after the Battle of the Dunes and provided for the marriage of Maria Theresa and Louis XI. Roncevaux Pass, where Roland dies, is in it. With highest point at Aneto, for 10 points, name this mountain range that encompasses Andorra, and separates Spain and France.

Delta

Cities found in these geographic features include Tanta, the birthplace of Muhammad Abduh, and Shenzhen and Zhuhai, which are two of China's Special Economic Regions. They can be classified as cuspate, arcuate, or bird's foot, and the largest island located in one is Marajo, which lies near the city of Belem in northeastern Brazil. The Rosetta and Damietta branches form the triangular shape of the classic example, which begins downstream from Cairo. FTP, identify this geographical feature that forms where a river fans out to meet the sea.

Pennsylvania

Cities in this state include California and Indiana. Its town of Reading is near the Five Corners, just southwest of Emmaus. In this state's northeast, Wilkes-Barre sits down Route 81 from (*) Scranton. Featuring rivers like the Susquehanna and the Allegheny, in addition to Erie, this state's other cities include a famously flooded city, Johnstown, and Valley Forge. For 10 points, identify this state where the battle of Gettysburg was fought and whose largest city is Philadelphia.

Thames River

Early tributaries of this waterway include the Ock, Pang, Wey, and Mole rivers, while oddly-named islands in it include Headpile Eyot, Eel Pie, and one not named after Taiwan called Formosa. During World War II, the Maunsell fortifications were built along this river for defense and recently the Jubilee canal has been built to control flooding. With landmarks including Fry, Canvey and Sheppey islands, this waterway begins in the Cotswolds near Kemble in Gloucestershire. For 10 points, name this river which flows through Windsor, Oxford and London.

Puerto Rico

In addition to its main island, this region also consists of small cays as Vieques and Culebra. One major feature of this island is the El Yunque Rainforest which is home to petroglyph sites from the Taino people and the indigenous tree frogs called 'Coquis'. It is the third largest Caribbean island in population but it is the smallest of the Greater Antilles in size after Cuba, Hispanola and Jamaica. With its capital at San Juan, for 10 points, identify this Caribbean island, a semi-autonomous commonwealth of the United States.

Yukon River

It arises from the McNeil River in the Pelly Mountains, and its main headwaters are located in Atlin Lake and Tagish Lake. Some of its tributaries include the Tanana and Porcupine, and it empties into the Norton Sound. It is dammed south of Whitehorse, and one of its tributaries is the Klondike River. For 10 points, name this river that flows through its namesake Canadian territory that served as a major route during the gold rush of 1897 to 1898.

Baltic Sea

It can be entered by traveling south through the Little Belt, and the Archipelago Sea is a northern portion of it. The Bornholm Basin is this body of water's central area, and the islands of Falster and Funen can be found in its western portion, where it joins the Kattegat. The Kalmar Strait separates the island of Oland from the coast, and Gotland is a prominent island in the middle of it. The Heligoland Bight is connected to it via the Kiel Canal. The Gulf of Bothnia is a branch in the north, and along the southern coast we find the Bay of Gda?sk and the Gulf of Riga. For 10 points name this body of water bordered by Sweden, Poland, and some former USSR republics.

Lake Baikal

It contains the islands of Olkhon and Bolshoy, and this lake's Proval Bay was created by an 1862 earthquake in the Selenga Delta. This lake is fed by the Selenga River, and the town of Listvyanka is located on it. The Angara River flows from this lake, and this lake is the home of the golomyanka fish, which gives birth to live young. Containing one fifth of the world's surface fresh water, for 10 points, name this Siberian lake, the oldest and deepest lake in the world.

Sunni Islam

It does not permit a form of temporary marriage called mutah, and it does not believe that the coming of the Mahdi necessarily betokens the end of the world. The highest religious official in nations with many adherents to this belief is the Grand Mufti. Believers more readily accept the hadith of Aisha, despite her opposition to Ali. Its ulema adhere to one of four major traditions, or madhhab, in its religious law, called sharia. Belief in the Rashidun, or rightly-guided caliphs is an essential part of, for 10 points, what sect of Islam often contrasted with Shia?

Mammoth Cave

It is found next to similar structures at Martin Ridge and Fisher Ridge. Near it, the Nolin River flows into the Green River, the level of which Edouard-Alfred Martel predicted should be related to the Echo River, which flows through it. The Big Clifty Sandstone serves as its cap, overlying the Girkin Formation, and Kaemper's survey data was notably not used in creating entrances like one at Violet City. Containing segments such as Frozen Niagara and Fat Man's Misery, for 10 points, name this national park and cave system of southern Kentucky, the largest in the world.

Trinidad

It was on this island in 1990 that a Muslim group led by Yasin Abu Bakr took over the Red House, seat of its nation's parliament. This oil-rich island is more famous for the world's largest lake of natural asphalt, Pitch Lake. This island is indented by the Gulf of Paria, and the narrow Dragon's Mouth and Serpent's Mouth straits separate it from the mainland. Because it is a continental island, it is not part of the Antilles chain, but geologically closer to nearby Venezuela. FTP, identify this island with capital at Port-of-Spain that forms a country with nearby Tobago.

Wales

Its border with the Wirral Peninsula is formed by the river Dee, while other rivers include the Usk and the Afon Goch, which itself contains Aber Falls. The Gower peninsula and the Lliw uplands are found within its county of Swansea, while the Harlech dome is found in the foothills of the Snowdonia Range, which also contains this polity's highest point, Mt. Snowdon. Other members of its Seven Wonders include the Overton Yew trees, St. Giles' church in the city of Wrexham, and the falls of Pistyll Rhaeadr. For 10 points, identify this state of Great Britain whose inhabitants celebrate the eisteddfod, with capital at Cardiff.

Ozark Mountains

Its extensions include the Springfield and Salem plateaus and the Cookson Hills. Lakes Taneycomo and Table Rock were formed by damming up a waterway which begins in this range, the White River. The Sac River and the Pomme de Terre, a tributary of the Osage River, both form in this range, and the Bell and Taum Sauk peaks are among the highest in its Saint Francois subrange. With prominent peaks including Turner Ward Knob and Mount Magazine, for 10 points, name this parent range of the Boston Mountains, found in Missouri and Arkansas.

Denver

Located in a namesake geologic basin that contains the Fountain Formation and the Pierre Shale, this city was the site of Montana City, and was the base for gangsters like Soapy Smith. Containing a downtown amusement park called Elitch Gardens, it was selected to hold, but never actually held, the 1976 Winter Olympics, and used to be the seat of Arapahoe County. Surrounded by suburbs including Lakewood, Littleton, and Aurora, for 10 points, identify this city on the South Platte River, the capital of Colorado.

Brazil

Mountain ranges in this country include the Espinhazo, Serra do Mar and Mantiqueira while it is the owner of the archipelagos Fernando de Norhonha, Trinidade and Martim Vaz, the Rocas Atoll and Marajo Island. Rivers in this nation include the Araguaia, a tributary of the Tocantins, and its largest, the Sao Francisco, while the Iguazu Falls are formed by another. With its highest point at Neblina Peak, this nation is the source for both the Uruguay and Parana Rivers. For 10 points, name this country whose largest cities include Salvador, Sao Paolo and Rio de Janeiro.

Columbia

Much of this country's southern border is delineated by the Putumayo River, a tributary of the Amazon, and the city of Leticia on the Amazon is the largest south of the Putumayo. Its highest peak lies in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, which in turn is just east of a large swamp near the mouth of the Magdalena River. This nation also controls most of the Guajira Peninsula, and the Andes split into three branches in it. This country's Atrato River was once considered for an Atlantic-Pacific Canal. Its other large cities include Medellin, Cartagena de Indias, and Barranquilla. For 10 points, name this country whose capital is Bogota.

Prince Edward Islands

Nicknamed the Million-Acre Farm and the Birthplace of Confederation, this polity was originally known as St. John's Island. This polity's eastern half contains the cities of Miminegash, Tignish, and its second-largest city, Summerside. Its only connection to the mainland is the Confederation Bridge, spanning the Abegweit Passage of the Northumberland Strait. This island's capital and the suburbs of Cornwall and Stratford form the polity's main urban area. Situated in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, it is located north of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Name this island with capital at Charlottetown, the smallest province of Canada.

Caucasus Mountains

Notable cities in this mountain range include Nazran, Nal'chik, and Vladikavkaz. Its southern slopes are largely drained by the Kura River, while this range's northern slopes are home to numerous autonomous regions such as Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia, and North (*) Ossetia. Its easternmost extension is the Abseron Peninsula, which juts into the Caspian Sea near Baku, while its highest point of Mount Elbrus is also the highest mountain in all of Europe. For 10 points, name this mountain range that separates Russia from Georgia and Azerbaijan.

Tierra Del Fuego

Oil was discovered at this geographic area in Manantiales, and its native peoples include the Ona and Alacaluf. The town of Porvenir is the capital of its namesake province, and its peaks include Monte Sarmiento. Its Isla Desolacion receives one hundred and eighty inches of rainfall a year. Its islands of Lennox, Picton, and Nueva are disputed between two countries, and its base lies on the Beagle Channel. For 10 points, name this archipelago that is separated from the mainland of South American by the Strait of Magellan and whose name means "Land of Fire."

Brasilia

One bridge in this city was designed by Alexandre Chan to have its arches cross from one side of the bridge to the other. That structure, the JK Bridge, crosses from this city over Lake Paranoa. This city is divided through its center by the Eixo Monumental (EH-shew moan-oh-men-tall). This city was (*) designed by Lucio Costa to have the shape of an airplane. For 10 points, name this South American city whose government buildings were designed by Oscar Niemeyer, and which replaced Rio de Janeiro as capital of Brazil.

Persian Gulf

One island in this body of water includes the locales of Darren and Alzour. In addition to containing Tarut Island, it bordered the early Dilmun and Lakhmid civilizations on its south shore, and the port of Siraf was a notable Sassanian port which served its north shore. Its west end is marked by the Shatt al- Arab, while its east end is separated from the Gulf of Oman by the Strait of Hormuz. Qatar juts into, for 10 points, what sea, containing the Tigris delta, which shares its name with the former name of Iran?

Kansas

One landmark in this state is a coal shovel in West Mineral called Big Brutus, and another landmark here is the world's largest ball of Sisal twine in Cawker City. One city here is the headquarters of Cessna, and another city has the Carrie Nation museum at Medicine Lodge. This state's flagship university is in a city that was razed by Quantrill, and Constitution Hall is this state's city of Lecompton. Home to the birthplace of Amelia Earhart and a capitol building with murals of John Brown, for 10 points, name this state, home to Atchison, Lawrence, Wichita, and Topeka.

Lake Superior

Parks on the shores of this body of water include Pukaskwa, Pictured Rocks, and Sleeping Giant. It is drained by the St. Marys River, which is regulated by the Sault Locks. The Keweenaw Peninsula juts into it, and the Nipigon River flows into this body of water northeast of Thunder Bay. One of its islands was colonized by wolves which crossed this lake on winter ice and remained on the island to feed on moose. Its islands include the Apostle Islands and Isle Royale, and one of its ports is Duluth. Lying south of Ontario and north of the Upper Peninsula, for 10 points, name this largest of the Great Lakes.

Hispaniola

Peter Martyr Angheira called this place Quizqueia, and it is his translation into Latin of the Spanish name for it by which most people know it today. Louis XIV officially recognized French colonization here in 1665, nearly 60 years after a declaration from the King of Spain resulted in increased foreign piracy here following years of decreased Spanish interest due to their efforts elsewhere on the mainland. One of the countries here takes its name from the name for the northeastern region of it used by the Tainos people, who inhabited the island before Columbus first landed there in 1492. For 10 points, identify this Antilles island, home to Santo Domingo and Port-au-Prince, the capitals of the Dominican Republic and Haiti.

Lake Superior

Ports on this body include Wawa, Aura and Illgen City, while on its shore lies the Sleeping Giant formation, Pukaskwa National Park, and Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore. Fed by the Brule, Kaministiquia and Nipigon Rivers, this body has portions named Agawa and Whitefish Bays while the Keeweenaw Peninsula juts into it. Called Gichigami or "big water" by the Ojibwe, this lake contains the Apostle Islands, including Madeleine Island, and Isle Royale, while the St Marys River connects it to Lake Huron. For 10 points, name this largest of the Great Lakes.

Black Sea

Resort towns on this body of water include Dyuni, Albena, Burgas, and Varna along a so-called Riviera on its western shore, while the Pontic Mountains stretch along its southern shore. One landmark on its coast is Livadia Palace, site of a February 1945 conference, and the 2014 Winter Olympics will be held at Sochi, a city on its coast, but tourists should avoid Sokhumi, the capital of Abkhazia, which lies on its shore and seeks to break away from Georgia. FTP, identify this sea whose outlet is the Bosporus and which also borders Bulgaria, Turkey, and Ukraine.

World Maps

Sicilian Muhammad al-Idrisi created one of these artifacts known as Tabula Rogeriana in 1154, while Anaximander's might have inspired the European medieval T and O varieties. The "Kangnido" one celebrated the new Joseon Dynasty, the Piri Reis one was created by an Ottoman admiral, and one by Venetian monk Fra Mauro features a circular planisphere and depicts an Indian junk. Ptolemy's version improved on Erastothenes', which was the first to include parallels and meridians. One by Martin Waldseemueller named a section after Amerigo Vespucci. For 10 points, name this type of representative depiction for which Gerardus Mercator was famous.

New Guinea

Some of this island's territorial capitals include Kundiawa, Wabag, and Popondetta while other large cities include Manokwari and Jayapura. Its longest rivers include the Mamberamo, Digul, Sepik and Fly. Its peaks include the former Carstensz Pyramid in Lorentz National Park of the Sudirman Range, and the highest point of the Bismarck Range, Puncak Jaya and Mount Wilhelm. For 10 points, name this second largest island in the world, divided between Indonesia and an eponymous country whose name starts with Papua.

Cape Town

Suburbs of this city include Constantia, Hout Bay, and Stellanbosch. Tourist attractions in this city include the Victoria and Alfred Waterfront and the Bo-Kaap, the city's former Malay quarter, which lies on the slopes of Signal Hill. Signal Hill along with three other mountains form the borders of the city bowl, which contains the city's downtown, as well as District Six, where 60,000 residents were forcibly evicted in the 1970s. This city, the home of Africa's highest-ranking university, overlooks Table Bay, where Robben Island lies. Table Mountain overlooks this city, and its Green Point Stadium is a 2010 World Cup Venue. Name this legislative capital of South Africa.

Great Dividing Range

The Carnarvon Range is a plateau region of this larger mountain range that reaches its northernmost point on the Cape York Peninsula. The Lachlan and Darling rivers flow down this range's western slope before joining the (*) Murray River, and this range contains Mount Kosciusko. This range terminates at Grampians in Victoria prior to reemerging across the Bass Strait in Tasmania. For 10 points, name this mountain range containing the Australian Alps that is located along the eastern coast of Australia.

San Francisco Bay

The Carquinez Strait connects San Pablo Bay, an inlet of this body of water, with Suisun Bay. Islands in this body of water include the Castro Islands, Treasure Island, and Yerba Buena Island as well as the site of a notable quarantine and immigration center, Angel Island. The Marin Islands lie in it near Marin County, but the most famous of its islands, once home to Robert Stroud and Al Capone, is Alcatraz. Connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Golden Gate, this is, FTP, what bay that shares its name with the largest city of northern California?

Lake Chad

The Chari River is largest source for this body of water, providing about 90% of its water supply. Geologists speculate that it was once a remnant of a former inland sea that continuously grows and shrinks over 3 billion year spans; this explains why its depth is only 11 meters. Cameroon and Niger were once in conflict over who actually had control of this lake, but the dispute was settled when its namesake country claimed it. For 10 points, name this lake which shares its name with a country whose capital is N'Djamena.

Tasmania

The D'Entrecasteaux Channel separates this state from Bruny Island while the Mercury Passage lies between it and Maria Island. Named after its first Chief Justice and created by damming up the Serpentine River, its largest body of water is Lake Pedder while its longest rivers include the Huon, Tamar and Derwent. Large cities include Burnie, Devonport and Launceston while its highest point is at Mount Ossa. Originally named Van Diemen's Land, for 10 points, name this Australian state with capital at Hobart, an island known for its namesake "devil."

Brazil

The Espinaco Mountains lie in this country's east, and the Mantiqueira Mountains lie to its southeast. The Fernando de Noronha archipelago lies off its coast, and the Iguazu River also originates in this country, whose Guapore River forms its border with Bolivia. It is also home to Manaus, which is located at the confluence of Rio Negro with a larger river, as well as a capital designed by Oscar Niemeyer. For 10 points, identify this Portuguese-speaking country, home to Sao Paulo and Rio di Janeiro.

Gibraltar

The Grand Casemates Square serves as this territory's primary commercial center, and a decommissioned Water Catchment Center is situated near the Alboran Sea on this territory's eastern shore. Its conquest by ibn Ziyad resulted in its Arabic name, Mount Tarik. Its southernmost point, (*) Europa Point, lies northeast of its namesake strait. This territory was known as Mons Calpe to the Greeks and along with Mount Hacho, it forms the Pillars of Heracles. For 10 points, name this British territory located on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula.

New South Wales

The Hastings and Clarence Rivers empty into the Pacific, forming a delta, in this state. It is also home to cities like Shoalhaven. Thought it is not Oregon, this state is home to the Blue Mountains and the "Three Sisters" rock formation. This state is also home to Mount Kosciusko in the Great Dividing Range, and the Murray River forms most of its border with Victoria. Also bordered by South Australia and Queensland and having its capital at Sydney, for 10 points, identify this Australian state that shares part of its name with a region of the United Kingdom.

Guam

Babe Island and Cocos Island lie to the southwest of this one, which also contains the Fena Valley Reservoir. It has a natural harbor at Apra, and its mountains include Mt. Sasalaguan and its tallest, Mt. Lamlam. Andersen Air Force Base is on this island, as is the War in the Pacific National Historic Park, and villages here include Yigo, Dededo, and its capital of Hagatna. Locals on this island speak the Chamorro language, and its motto in English is "Where America's day begins". For 10 points, name this westernmost territory of the United States.

Ohio

A politician from this state became the first Republican U.S. Senator to support single-sex marriage after his son came out as gay, before Mark Kirk became the second. The governor of this state, who seemed to criticize his own party in October 2013 by saying "I'm concerned about the fact there seems to be a war on the poor", is former Fox News Heartland host John Kasich. A U.S. congressman from this state who recently said of Obamacare "There is no way to fix this monstrosity"; that man is the Speaker of the House, John Boehner [BAY-nur]. Name this state where Ariel Castro kidnapped three women in Cleveland.

North Dakota

A recent boom in oil extraction in the western part of this state has created a massive need for workers and a housing shortage in its town of Williston, where the NBA's Phil Jackson played high school basketball before playing for the University of [this state]. The plains of the Red River Valley dominate the eastern portion of the state, while White Butte, located north of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, is this state's highest point. Its largest city abuts this state's eastern border, across from Moorhead, in neighboring Minnesota. FTP Fargo is the largest city in what state with capital at Bismarck

Hudson River

A remnant of the Tyrrell Sea, the cities of Rankin Inlet and Arviat lie on its shores. Tukarak, Wiegand, and Snape islands make up its Belcher archipelago, and this body of water is connected by its namesake strait to Ungava Bay. Its southern portion receives the La Grande and Nottaway rivers, while its main portion receives the Winisk and Severn Rivers. James Bay is the southern extension of, for 10 points, which large inland body of water in northern Canada that is named after the captain of the Discovery, whose crew mutinied against him in 1611.

Iowa

After being expelled from Massachusetts, the pantheist Abner Kneeland set up the community of Salubria in this state. After World War I, this state's governor William Harding issued the "Babel Proclamation," mandating English for public gatherings. George McGovern's campaign manager Gary Hart pioneered a strategy focusing on this state's (*) caucus. A Supreme Court case originating in this state had a majority opinion written by Abe Fortas which determined that a school was not allowed to punish a student for wearing a black armband in protest. For 10 points, name this state that Tinker v. Des Moines originated from.

India

Aizwal and Agartala are capitals of the "seven sister" states that lie in this country's east, and Ooty is a tourist spot in its Nilgiri mountains. Mount Abu is located in this country's Aravalli hills, and the Rann of Kach can be found on this country's west. The Palk Strait separates it from the island nation south of it, and its peninsula is bounded by the Eastern and Western Ghats, but is mostly made of the Deccan plateau. It is home to states like Gujarat and Rajasthan. For 10 points, what country, with capital New Delhi, is the namesake of the Indus River?

Colorado

Along with the state to its north, this state contains the Front Range Urban Corridor. The highest incorporated town in America, Leadville, is also found here. It is home to Mount Elbert and the Western Slope, which is the location of (*) Telluride, Vail, Aspen, and other ski resorts. This state, which forms the northeastern part of the Four Corners, contains Pike's Peak and cities such as Pueblo and Boulder. For 10 points, name this state whose capital is Denver.

Lake Superior

Bays of this lake include Michipicoten Bay, and one national park on this bay is Pukaskwa. Islands in this lake include the Slate Islands and St. Ignace Island, and its waters surround the large Keweenaw Peninsula. Also the site of the Apostle Islands and Whitefish Bay, cities on this lake include Grand Marais, Munising, Thunder Bay, and Superior. For 10 points, name this lake to the north of Michigan's Upper Peninsula, the largest Great Lake.

Connecticut River

Called the Fresh River by the first European to discover it, Adriaen Block, this body of water has four namesake lakes in Coos County. Before meeting the ocean at Old Saybrook, this river receives tributaries such as Blow-Me-Down Brook, in addition to the Ashuelot, Deerfield and Chicopee Rivers. A remnant of the glacial Lake Hitchcock, this river has its source in New Hampshire and flows into Long Island Sound. For 10 points, name this largest river of New England, which flows through Springfield, Massachusetts and Hartford in its namesake state.

Laos

Cities here include Ban Nape and Salavan, and Phu Bia is its highest point. It can trace its history back to the "Land of a Million Elephants", or Lan Xang, which reigned here from the thirteenth to eighteenth centuries. The Buddhist-temple-filled UNESCO World Heritage site of Luang Prabang can be found in this nation, while big stone containers populate its famous Plain of Jars in the north, and its western border with Thailand is mostly created by the Mekong River. Eastern neighbor Vietnam now exerts much political power within, for 10 points, what Southeast Asian nation with capital at Vientiane?

Republic Of Texas

During one conflict in this nation, Angelina Eberly fired upon Thomas Smith with a howitzer as he attempted to remove papers from one building. That conflict is known as this nation's Archive War, and began in response to one of Mirebeau Lamar's policies. Troops under James Fannin were massacred while fighting in this nation's independence war, which also saw fighting by William (*) Travis' troops. The Goliad massacre occurred during this nation's war of independence, which was ended at the Battle of San Jancinto. This nation was established by Sam Houston after he beat Santa Anna. For 10 points, name this precursor to the state that is led by Rick Perry.

South Carolina

During the Revolutionary War, this US state was led by John Rutledge, who would later be appointed Chief Justice by George Washington, but rejected by the Senate because of fears he was insane. Robert Rhett, a politician from this state, led a political faction called the "fire-eaters" during the 1850's and 60's. A Senator from this state, (+) Robert Hayne, was involved in a famous debate with Daniel Webster. Revolutionary War heroes from this state include a man nicknamed the "Swamp Fox", Francis Marion, and a man nicknamed the (*) "Gamecock of the Revolution". This state was the target of the Force Act, signed by Andrew Jackson, who threatened to invade this state and hang its inhabitants. For 10 points, name this southern state, home to the nullification crisis.

Rhode Island

During the Revolutionary War, this state was the site of a failed attempt by John Sullivan to recapture Aquidneck Island. This state was the site of the Great Swamp Fight, and later saw the death of the Wampanoag leader Metacomet in King Philip's War. It also saw an incident where the Sons of Liberty raided and burned the grounded HMS Gaspée. Samuel Ward King opposed electoral reform in this state, leading to the Dorr Rebellion, and it was home to the Narragansetts. For 10 points, name this state founded by an exile from Massachusetts, Roger Williams, who named it after a Greek island.

Indiana

Following an 1863 state supreme court decision empowering this state's Treasurer and Auditor, its governor resorted to funding this state through the so-called "Bureau of Finance," a safe in his office, with loans from politically friendly county governments and the War Department. Lincoln called this state's governor "the skeer'dest man I ever knew," and George Julian was a radical congressman from this state. In a letter to Edwin Stanton, this state's governor alleged that the (*) Knights of the Golden Circle had plans to involve this state in a "North-Western Confederacy;" that letter was written by Oliver Morton and was carried to Washington by Robert Dale Owen. For 10 points, name this state where Owen's father founded the utopian community of New Harmony.

Teton Mountains

Glaciers in this mountain range include Skillet Glacier, which is found on Mount Moran. Jenny Lake is located at the base of this range, and the 1925 Gros Venture landslide occured in this range. The first recorded observation of these mountains was made by John Colter. The highest mountains in this region are found in the Cathedral Group, which includes the Schoolroom Glacier, Mount Owen, and the namesake of the national park that contains much of this range. For 10 points, name this Wyoming mountain range, which contains the city of Jackson.

Ostrov Sakhalin

In 1995, this land mass was struck by an earthquake that destroyed the town of Neftegorsk. Its highest point is Mount Lopatin, and it is separated from the mainland by the Tatar Strait. In 1875 the country that controls it today traded it for a nearby archipelago and ran a penal colony on it before losing its southern half thirty years later. During that time, the island was known as Karafuto, and was handed over according to the Treaty of (*) Portsmouth. Cities on it include Alexandrovsk and Yuzhno, which is the capital of the province formed by this namesake island and the nearby archipelago, part of which is still claimed by Japan, the Kuril Islands. The Sea of Okhotsk lies east of, FTP, what island, the largest in Russia?

Strait Of Hormuz

In the north is Qeshm Island, a free trade zone, 21 miles away to the south is the territorial exclave of Musandam, and it is mentioned but left unnamed in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. In following with a Traffic Separation Scheme, the traffic lane is only 6 miles wide, consisting of 2-mile inbound and outbound lanes with a 2-mile buffer zone in between. Some 35 percent of the world's and 75 percent (*) of Japan's oil supply pass through this strategic passage, which was the location of the 1984-1987 Iran-Iraq Tanker War. FTP, name this opening to the Persian Gulf.

Sweden

In the north of this country, the Torne River forms part of its eastern border, and the city of Umea is the largest. With its highest point at Kebnekaise, this nation controls the islands of Oland and Gotland, while its largest bodies of water include lakes Vattern and Vanern. Home to large cities including Uppsala, Malmo and Gothenburg, this country is bordered on the south by the Oresund strait and the Kattegat, and to its east lies the Gulf of Bothnia. For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country with capital at Stockholm.

Washington, D.C.

In this city, William Barbour sympathized with the demands of 400 rabbis who were organized by Hillel Kook. A 1997 event was held in Philadelphia to address the sexism of another event held in this city, which ran parallel with the National Day of Absence. Graphic novel author John Lewis was the youngest speaker at another event held in this city, which was dominated by the "Big Six." Despite concerns about his homosexuality, Bayard Rustin was appointed deputy organizer of that event in this city. Louis Farrakhan called for the Million Man March in this city, in homage to an earlier event here, "for Jobs and Freedom," which was organized by Asa Philip Randolph. For 10 points, name this city, home to a 300,000-strong 1963 march attended by Martin Luther King Jr.

Maryland

In this present-day state, John Coode led four Protestant rebellions following the Glorious Revolution. In November 2007, this state's capital hosted a Middle East Peace Conference. Charles I granted the land for this state to a man who died before he could receive it. The Pratt Street Massacre in this state was the first bloodshed in the Civil War. Soon after the Glorious Revolution, the colonial capital was moved from St. Mary's City to its current location. After Charles II gave away part of this state's original land grant, the Mason-Dixon line was used to settle its dispute with Pennsylvania. For ten points, name this colony that was formed from land granted to George Calvert, the 1st Lord Baltimore.

New York

In this state, barrier islands around Bellport Bay were decimated by the 1962 Ash Wednesday Storm. At the other end of this state, toxic waste leached from a Hooker Chemical dump site at one of the EPA's first superfund sites, Love Canal. Its largest city barely avoided a direct hit by Hurricane Gloria, which set a record for storm surge at Battery Park. In this state, a 1977 blackout, which triggered arson near Crown Heights, spared the Rockaways. The 1993 Storm of the Century dumped two feet of snow in this state's Catskills Mountains. For 10 points, name this state, where subway flooding and massive damage on Long Island were caused by Hurricane Sandy.

Thames River

Islands in this river include the Isle of Sheppey, where a fleeing monarch was captured, and the Isle of Dogs, the site of Canary Wharf. The part of this river upstream from Iffley Lock is known as the Isis River, and the Teddington Locks protect it from tides. Palaces located along it include Syon House and Hampton Court, and it winds through Oxford, past Windsor Castle, next to Greenwich Observatory, and under the Tower Bridge en route to the North Sea. FTP, identify this river that passes through London.

Caspian Sea

It is bordered in the south by the Mazandaran, Golestan, and Gilan provinces and in the northwest by the Dagestan and Kalmykia Oblasts. It forms the shallow Garabogaz Bay in the east, while the Asperon Peninsula jutting into it is a major source of oil and the location of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. It is connected to the Sea of Azov via a canal between the Don and Volga Rivers, the latter of which is its major feeder. Bordered by Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Russia as well as by Iran, this is, FTP, what salty "sea" that is actually the world's largest lake?

Alaska

It's not Israel or Madagascar, but the Slattery Report suggested that European Jews be moved to Baranof Island in this region, which had earlier been home to a provincial administration at New Archangel. The Nootka Conventions settled British and Spanish territorial disputes in this state, where the Organic Acts managed the influx of immigrants traveling through this territory to search for gold in 1898. A $7.2 million check paid for the American acquisition of this territory from Russia, known as "Seward's Folly." For 10 points, name this forty-ninth state, the largest in the Union.

Republic Of Texas

It's not North Carolina, since it's a country, but in this country's east, hundreds died when vigilante "Regulators" feuded with "Moderators". This nation issued the Childress declaration and won one battle after preventing retreat by burning Vince's Bridge. Mirabeau Lamar led this country, and one man who died for this country now lends his name to the Bowie knife. It signed the treaty of Velasco with its southern neighbor after winning in eighteen minutes at San Jacinto, freeing its settlers from Santa Anna's army. For 10 points, name this nation which the US annexed as a state thirteen years after the battle of the Alamo.

Sudan

Its city of Wadi Halfa is an important shipping center, and one of this country's major disputed regions is the Ilemi Triangle in its southeast. Achieving independence under the rule of Ismail Al-Azhari, its borders contain what was once the Mahdist State, which was defeated by Lord Kitchener at its largest city, Omdurman. Containing the confluence of the Blue and White Nile, its border with Chad has led to a refugee crisis in that nation, since that border is dominated by the war-torn region of Darfur. For 10 points, identify this African nation with capital at Khartoum.

Switzerland

Its seven-member Federal Council serves as the collective head of state, with the president, cur- rently Pascal Couchepin, elected annually from within this council. Its lakes include Murten, the Northern part of Lugano, and the Southwestern part of Constance. It also is the home of Davos, the scenic host of the World Economic Forum. Its name is abbreviated CH, which stands for Confoederatio Helvetica. This country has four national languages and uses Latin to avoid favoritism of one language over another. This country was also the birthplace of fondue. Divided into 26 cantons, it is known for mercenaries, skiing, banking, and cheese. Identify this country that produces Toblerone and is neutral in all wars.

Rio Grande

Its tributaries include the Salado, Conchos, and Puerco, and its basins include Lake Toronto and the Falcon Reservoir. Its sources lie in the San Juan Mountains, and its early course flows into the San Luis Valley. Before it flows into the Gulf Coastal Plain, this river flows into the Big Bend, and it is the fifth longest river in North America. For 10 points, name this river on which lie Ciudad Juarez and El Paso, the border between Mexico and the United States.

Samarkand

Located in the western hills of this city is the archaeological dig known as the Afrasiab, on top of remains of the Sogdian culture. Three Islamic schools are found in the older part of this city, one being led by the astronomer Ulugh Beg. This city is also home to the Bibi-Khanym Mosque, built by its most famous resident in 1399 after he sacked Delhi. Located due east of Bukhara and southwest of Tashkent, the capital of its nation, for 10 points, what is this ancient city of Uzbekistan once ruled by Tamerlane?

California

Landmarks in this state include Pinnacles National Monument and the Lanphere Dunes. The northwest portion of this state is home to Humboldt Bay, and its southwestern portion is home to Point Arguello, which is used to launch missiles. One body of water in this state is located in the Imperial Valley, and is known as the Salton Sea. In the contiguous U.S., it is home to the highest mountain peak, and other features of this state include the La Brea Tar Pits and Yosemite National Park. For 10 points, name this state home to Mount Whitney, Alcatraz Island, and the city of Sacramento.

Beijing

Located near the meeting of the Xishan and Yanshan mountain ranges, it is almost entirely surrounded by Hebei province. It is located 150 kilometers from the Bohai Sea, and the "old walled city" is divided into four urban districts. Streets are given distinctions of "nei" and "wai," regarding which side of that wall they are on. Dongcheng contains its Forbidden City. For 10 points, name this capital and second-largest city in China, the site of the 2008 Summer Olympics.

Cape Town

Leading into this city's center is the national highway N1 by way of Bellville, while N2 goes by its international airport, which is located north of False Bay. Table Bay lies northeast of this city. Devil's Peak and Lion's Head are prominent features that frame Table Mountain, located at the base of its namesake peninsula, and a popular tourist destination is Nobel Square in the Victoria and Albert waterfront. Islands near this city include Robben Island, where Nelson Mandela was held captive. For 10 points, name this city which houses the National Parliament and was founded by the Dutch in 1652, the legislative capital of South Africa on a namesake feature "of Good Hope".

West Virginia

McClellan fought a battle called Philippi Races in this state to defend the B and O railroad, and the Battle of Rich Mountain here led to McClellan's promotion. The senior Senator from this state chairs the Appropriations Committee and was part of the Gang of Fourteen in 2005, opposing the "nuclear option." For 10 points, identify this state whose senior Senator is Robert Byrd, and which joined the Union on the last day of 1862 by seceding from its Eastern neighbor.

Alaska

The illegal transfer of land in this state sparked the Ballinger-Pinchot affair. Two Organic Acts helped move this territory towards home rule, with the second being heavily pushed by James Wickersham. During World War Two, its islands of Attu and Kiska were invaded by the Japanese. In 2008, Mark Begich [BEH-gich] was elected to represent this state in the Senate, defeating long-time incumbent Ted Stevens. Name this state which used to be governed by Sarah Palin.

Appalachian Mountains

Mount David and Spruce Knob, each the highest point in their states, can be found in this range. The Berkshire Hills run through Vermont as an extension of this chain, and Mount Washington can be found in its White Mountains. The Blue Ridge Mountains in this chain are followed by Skyline Drive, and another subchain mostly in West Virginia gets its name from a river that forms the Ohio, the Alleghenies. For 10 points, name this mountain chain of the eastern United States whose namesake trail runs from Maine to Georgia.

Paraguay River

Near Pilar, the Bermejo River flows into this river, and another tributary of this river is the Cuiaba, which meets it at Corumba. Other cities on this river include Caceres, Concepcion and Formosa, and it forms the boundary between four provinces and the large Presidente Hayes province in one country. At the largest city on this river, the Pilcomayo branches off to form a border with Argentina. For 10 points, name this river which flows through Asuncion in its namesake country.

Kiev

Neighborhoods of this city include Podil, Pechersk, and Darnytsia, while its main street is Khreshchatyk. Legend says that it was founded by its namesake and his siblings Schek, Khoryv and Lybid. This city's metropolitan area extends to the Kaniv Reservoir, and landmarks of it include the Mariyinsky Palace and the Monastery of the Caves. Lying at the confluence of the Desna and Dnieper Rivers, for 10 points, name this largest city and capital of Ukraine.

New York

Nye Mountain is one of the 46 "High Peaks" within this state's largest mountain range. The Saranac river flows through the largest national park in the contiguous United States in this state, and this state contains Hemlock Lake and Oneida Lake, part of a group of eleven appendage-like lakes. This state contains the highest-elevation portion of the Appalachian Plateau. Lake Champlain borders this state and its neighbor Vermont, and a canal connects Lake Erie to another river in this state, the Hudson. For 10 points, name this Mid-Atlantic state which contains the Catskill and Adirondack Mountains and has a capital at Albany.

Iceland

The powerful waterfall Dettifoss is located here, and some of its cities are Keflavik, Husavik, and Vik. Its volcanoes include Hekla and Eldfell, and it also contains several geysers. Its only native mammal is the arctic fox. This island nation's parliament was founded in 930. Name this island nation whose parliament is known as the Althing and whose capital is Reykjavik [RAYK yah vihk].

Sri Lanka

On its northern coast is Point Pedro, and its rivers include the Yan Oya and Aruvi Aru. Off its coast is Delft island, and the Victoria Falls Reservoir is in its center. Its largest mountain is Pidurutalagala, and the North Eastern province's capital is Trincomalee. The peninsula on its northern tip connected by Elephant Pass and is named after the city Jaffna, which has been a rebel base. It got one of its former names from the city Kandy. The (*) Adam's bridge connects it to the mainland, and spans the Palk Straight. Buddhism was brought here by Ashoka's son Mahinda. FTP name this island nation which has had an ongoing civil war between the southern Sinhalese and the northern Tamils, who practice Hinduism, with a de facto capital at Colombo and which is near India.

Alps Mountains

One feature of this name is located near Loch Fyne in Argyll, and another has a high point at Prokletjie. In addition to the Arrochar and Dinaric varieties, another of them in Washington is the Issaquah type, and the Hida and Akaishi comprise the Japanese variety of this feature. One of them contains the Tasman Glacier and Mount Cook, the Southern variety of New Zealand, while another names a notable region in Romania. For 10 points, give the common name of these mountain ranges, the best known of which contains the Matterhorn and Mont Blanc.

New Jersey

One battle fought in this state saw Hugh Mercer's death in a bayonet charge led by Charles Mawhood as well as the surrender to Alexander Hamilton of troops barricaded in Nassau Hall. Another battle in this state saw George Washington swear to rally the retreating troops of Charles Lee and Molly Pitcher assume command of a cannon. A third battle in this state saw Hessians routed on Christmas Day after Washington's forces had crossed the Delaware River. FTP, identify this state that saw the Revolutionary War battles of Monmouth, Princeton, and Trenton.

Finland

One cathedral in its capital is considered the largest Orthodox church in Western Europe, and that city also features several buildings designed by Carl Ludvig Engel. This country's highest point is at Haltiatunturi, on a mountain whose peak is in a neighboring country. The smallest province of this country, the Aland Islands, is a small island chain at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia. Its largest lake is Lake Saimaa, the fifth largest in Europe. For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country with capital at Helsinki.

Ohio

One governor of this state, Robert Lucas, successfully retained a strip of land after mobilizing militia at the Maumee River, and the Adena culture in this state constructed the Great Serpent Mound. Agents from this state were ordered to return all "tax" money seized from the Bank of the United States in the case Osborn v. Bank of US, and Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase served as governor of this state. A senator from this state was known as "Mr. Republican" and co-wrote the Taft-Hartley Act, while another senator from here authored the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. For 10 points, name this state whose former senator, John Glenn, founded a school at a university in Columbus.

Malta

One island in this country is home to the Neolithic temple Ggantia and has its capital at Victoria. That island, Gozo, is connected by ferry to this country's mainland port of Cirkewwa. Its only airport is located at Luqa, and Grand Harbor and Marsamxett are bays fed by nine seasonal rivers. It was the site of numerous bombing attacks during WorId War II, and its largest city is Birkirkara, which features an aqueduct built in 1622 by the Knights Hospitaller. For 10 points, name this former British colony with capital at Valletta, a Mediterranean island nation near Sicily.

Panhandles

One of these regions was almost combined with the area around Spokane to form the state of Lincoln, while another one tried to become the state of Jefferson in 1915. That latter region, which contains Palo Duro Canyon and whose largest city is Amarillo, borders a similar region once cut off by the 100th meridian from the Indian territory to its east. West Virginia is the only state with two of these regions, while the largest American city located in one is Tallahassee. FTP, identify these protrusions particularly associated with Idaho, Texas, and Oklahoma.

North Dakota

One politician from this state received the support of Father Charles Coughlin's National Union of Social Justice in a 1936 presidential run. That man, William Lemke, failed to carry any electoral votes as the Union Party's candidate. Theodore Roosevelt ranched at the Maltese Cross and Elkhorn Ranches in this state in the 1880s, and Lewis and Clark spent the winter of 1804 to 1805 at its Fort Mandan. The surrender of Sitting Bull in 1881 occurred at Fort Buford in this state, where an attempt to attract railway investment led to the rechristening of Edwinton. For 10 points, identify this US state, whose cities include Grand Forks, Fargo, and Bismarck.

Delaware

One politician from this state was attacked for an article in which described himself as a bearded Marxist. Ralph Nader's The Company State describes the heavy influence Du Pont has in this state's politics. Mike Castle lost the Republican primary in this state to a woman who was revealed to have briefly dabbled in witchcraft in high school. For 10 points, name this state where Chris Coons recently defeated Christine O'Donnell in a senatorial election that was formerly represented by Joe Biden.

Minnesota

One river in this state is named because of its Jerusalem artichokes, while another river is the La Seuer, which is itself a tributary of the Blue Earth River. Southwest of the Northwest Angle, is the U.S. exclave of Elm Point. It also features the High Falls of Tettegouche and Lake Itasca. Its Lakes of the Woods County is the northernmost point of the continental U.S. Its cities include Maple Grove, Minnetonka, Plymouth and Rochester. For ten points, name this state that borders the Dakotas and Wisconsin that features twin cities of Saint Paul and Minneapolis.

Marianas Trench

Otto Krummel produced what was likely the first stand-alone map of this location in 1907 based on models used by Supan to describe similar features named for the Japan-Kuril and Aleutian Islands. Both the Kaiko and the Trieste missions explored this location, though the former was lost in the process. The deepest part of this oceanic feature was explored by the Challenger submarine and has thus been dubbed the Challenger Deep. Containing the lowest point anywhere on Earth's surface, for 10 points, name this trench in the Pacific Ocean named for a nearby island chain.

Alaska

Prince of Wales is the largest of its Alexander Islands, whose eastern shores contain part of the Inside Passage. Other mountain ranges include the Wrangell Mountains and the Brooks Range, and its Malaspina Glacier extends from Mount St. Elias to its namesake Gulf. Its islands of Kiska and Attu were occupied by Japan during World War II, and Unimak is the easternmost of those Aleutian Islands. For 10 points, name this U.S. state whose cities include Ketchikan, Sitka, Nome, Fairbanks, Anchorage, and the capital, Juneau.

Volga River

Ptolemy of Alexandria mentions this river in his Geographia, using the Scythian name for it, the Rha. Minor tributaries of this river include the Vetluga and Sura rivers. Beginning in the Valdai Hills in the Tver oblast it flows east through the towns of Kver and Nizhny-Novgorod before turning south at Kazan. Some of its major tributaries include the Oka and the Kama rivers and it flows some 2,300 miles before emptying into the Caspian Sea. For 10 points, name this Russian river the longest in Europe.

Iowa

Representative from this state issued a video where he was bleeped out while criticizing SOPA and PIPA. Another Congressman from this state, who fought off an armed thief with his shotgun, is Leonard Boswell, who was defeated in an incumbent-on-incumbent contest by Tom Latham. Another of this state's representatives said that "radical Islamists would be dancing in the streets" if Obama were elected, but still defeated Christie (*) Vilsack; that representative is Steve King. David Wiggins was retained in 2012 despite his support for Varnum v. Brien, which legalized same-sex marriage in this state and resulted in three other judges being removed in 2010. This state is currently represented in the Senate by Tom Harkin and a notorious tweeter of nonsense such as "3" and "PantsBurnLegWound," Chuck Grassley, and it is governed by Terry Branstad. For 10 points, name this swing state, the site of the first quadrennial Presidential caucus.

Indiana

Slavery was ended in this U.S. state via the court case of Polly v. Laselle. The only fighting in this state during the Civil War occurred at the Battle of Corydon during an event known as Morgan's Raid. Vice-Presidents Charles Fairbanks and Dan Quayle both came from this state. The first governor of the territory that shared the name this state won the Battle of Tippecanoe against Tecumseh's brother and was William Henry Harrison. For 10 points, name this Midwestern state located east of Illinois.

Madagascar

The Bay of Antongil is located on this country's east coast, and the island of Nosy-Be in this country was a stop on the Russian Baltic Fleet's journey to Japan. Prominent ethnic groups in this country include the Invincible and Inseparable Multitudes and the Elevated People, or Merina, and the main traditional deity of this country is Zanahary. Its large cities include Toliara, Antsirabe, Toamasina, and Fianarantsoa. For 10 points, name this island nation with capital at Antananarivo.

Texas

The "Dirty Thirty" were implicated in a large political scandal in this state that occurred a year before Watergate, the Sharpstown Scandal. The Supreme Court ruled that the Commerce Clause didn't apply to the Gun-Free School Zones Act in a case involving a high school student from this state in United States v. Lopez. As many as 12,000 people may have perished in a 1900 (*) hurricane that largely destroyed a coastal city in this state. Anthony Francis Lucas is credited with finding the Spindletop oil well in this state. The Supreme Court overturned its earlier decision of Bowers v. Hardwick to overturn sodomy laws in the case of Lawrence v. [this state]. It's also where a Branch Davidian compound was destroyed in 1993. For 10 points, name this state home to the Waco siege and the site of the John F. Kennedy assassination.

Arizona

The Dragoon and Mule Mountains are located in this state's southeast, and the Lukachukai and Carrizo Mountains are in this state's largest reservation. Cities on this state's western boundary include Ehrenberg and Parker, and forests in this state include the Tonto and Kaibab National Forests. Canyon de Chelly, Tuba City, and Kayenta are all located in this state's largest Indian reservation, which is also the nation's largest. For 10 points, name this state, home to Yuma and Tucson, with capital at Phoenix.

Ecuador

The Jambeli and Morro Channels flank this country's Puna Island, home to the aboriginal Tumbez Indians, and this country's Santa Elena peninsula contains primitive settlements from the Las Vegas culture. The Sierra Negra of Isabela Island and Indefatigable Island's (*) Charles Darwin Research Station are located within this country's province of the Galapagos Islands. For 10 points, name this South American country containing the port cities of Manta and Guayaquil and bordered by Columbia and Peru, with capital at Quito.

Lake Superior

The Kakabeka Falls are located on a tributary of this body of water, the Kaministiquia River, and it is also fed by the Nipigon and St. Louis Rivers. The Porcupine Mountains are to its south, and Copper Island is an extension of Keweenaw Peninsula in this feature. Manitou and Madeline are among the Apostle Islands in this lake, which drains via the St. (*) Marys River and also contains Isle Royale. Called Gichigami in Ojibwe, the Mesabi Iron Range is to its northwest, and its western terminus is at Duluth, Minnesota. For 10 points, name this largest of the Great Lakes.

Minnesota

The Leaf Hills located in this state's Otter Tail County are home to its highest point, Inspiration Peak. The River named for this state rises from the Big Stone Lake and flows by towns such as St. Peter and New Ulm. International Falls is located near this state's northern border, whose "Northwest Angle" is the only mainland region north of the 49th parallel. This state's Lake Itasca is the source of the Mississippi River, and the St. Louis River flows into Lake Superior near its third largest city, Duluth. Bordered by Iowa to the south and Wisconsin to the east, for 10 points, identify this state with capital at St. Paul and whose largest city is Minneapolis.

Patagonia

The Limay and Neuquen rivers join to form the Rio Negro, a major river in the northern portion of this region.The village of El Chalten is located near Mount Fitzroy, the highest mountain in this region. Its largest city, Comodoro Rivadavia, is the largest oil production center of one of the countries that make up this region. A major tourist destination in this region is the Perito Moreno glacier, which is fed by its namesake Southern Ice field, through which the border between the two countries that make up this region runs. For 10 points, name this region of southern Chile and Argentina.

Oregon

The Rogue River originates in this state's portion of the Siskiyou Mountains. The Wallowa Mountains lie in the eastern part of this state, near Hells Canyon. Multnomah Falls lies near a river in this state that runs through The Dalles and the Bonneville Dam. Mount (*) Hood is a glacier-covered stratovolcano in this state, and its cities of Eugene and Salem lie in the Willamette Valley. For 10 points, name this state that is home to Portland and is separated from Washington by the Columbia River.

Baffin Island

The Nettilling and Amadjuak are its largest lakes, while its two highest peaks, mounts Asgard and Odin, are located in the Auyittuq National park. This island is bordered by the Gulf of Boothia and Lancaster Sound, while the Cumberland Peninsula is in its eastern portion. Separated from Labrador by the Hudson Strait, the capital of Nunavut lies on its Frobisher Bay. The Hudson Strait separates it from Labrador, and this home of Iqaluit is located between Greenland and mainland Canada. For 10 points, identify this fifth largest island in the world.

Snake River

The Portneuf River joins this river at a facility of the Minidoka Irrigation Project, and the Ice Harbor Lock and Dam is located on this river, which receives the Henrys Fork earlier in its course. This river receives the Weiser and Malheur slightly before receiving its biggest tributary, the Salmon River. A catastrophic spillover onto its plain created the Crane, Swan, and Shoshone Falls. For 10 points, name this major tributary of the Columbia River that flows out of Hells Canyon near the edge of Idaho, and whose source lies in Yellowstone National Park.

Rhine River

The Sieg joins this river at Niederkassel, and the Neckar joins it after flowing past Heidelburg and Mannheim, where it turns west. The Battle of Teutoburg Forest established it as the Roman northern frontier, and its namesake crisis occurred when Adolphe Thiers discussed making it a border. Its delta begins to form shortly before Arnheim. The Treaty of Versailles declared the area around it a demilitarized zone, and it flows past Bonn and Cologne on its way to the North Sea. For 10 points, name this river of West Germany.

California

The Siskiyou Wilderness is a section of the Klamath Mountains located in the northern part of this state. The largest amount of dust pollution in the US comes from a dry lake in this state where borax is mined. After a 1905 flood, this state's largest lake was formed near the Coachella Valley. This state is home to Mono and Owens Lakes. A bristlecone pine tree called Methuselah, located here, is the oldest single living organism on the planet. This home of the Salton Sea is also the location of the largest mountain outside Alaska in the US. The San Joaquin river flows from the Sierra Nevada in this state. For 10 points, name this home of Yosemite National Park.

Somalia

The breakaway republic of Puntland is located in this country and has a capital at Garowe. The Jubba River empties into the Indian Ocean near its third largest city, Kisimayo, and access over the grazing areas of the Haud region has sparked a conflict between it and its western neighbor. This is the most eastern country on the African continent through which the equator passes, and its transitional government currently convenes in Baidoa. For 10 points, identify this war-torn country on the Horn of Africa with its capital at Mogadishu.

Syria

The city in this country once known as Emessa lies on the Orontes River and is now home to the Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque. Its other notable cities include one famous for its waterwheels that has largely been rebuilt since the bloody suppression of the Muslim Brotherhood there in 1982. In addition to Homs and Hama, this country's famous sites include the Crusader castle of Krak des Chavaliers, the Ummayad Mosque in its capital, and the markets of Aleppo. FTP, identify this Arab country now ruled by Bashar al-Asad from Damascus.

Pakistan

The city of Gwadar in this country was once an Omani colony, and the Hunza and Nagar valleys are known for the longevity of their residents. Chitral and Gilgit are major cities in this country's north, and the colonial legacy can be seen in city names such as Abbottabad and Jacobabad. Kalat and Quetta are large cities in this country's portion of Baluchistan, and Muzaffarabad is the administrative capital of Azad Kashmir. It is home to cities such as Rawalpindi, Multan, Karachi and Lahore. For 10 points, name this country whose capital is Islamabad.

Bolivia

The drying of the prehistoric Lake Minchin created the Uru Uru Lake, as well as the Coipasa and Uyuni salt flats in this country, and its highest points include Illimani and Sajama. The source of the Beni and Mamore rivers, the largest cities of this country include Oruro, El Alto, Cochabamba and Santa Cruz, while its Desaguadero River drains into Lake Poopo. The location of the silver mines of Potosi, for 10 points, name this country which shares Lake Titicaca with Peru, a land-locked South American nation with capitals at La Paz and Sucre.

South China Sea

The eastern part of this sea includes a basin containing the Reed and Tizard banks. Also within this sea are the Paracel Islands, and the the Sunda Platform is found at the bottom of its southwestern section. Rivers draining into it include the Xi, Red, and Mekong, and its chief embayments include the Gulf of Thailand and the Gulf of Tonkin. For 10 points identify this sea that borders the mainland of Southeast Asia which the Taiwan Strait connects to the East China Sea.

Fiji

The island of Rotuma in this country is located far to the north of this country's main islands. The town of Levuka, on Ovalau Island, was capital of this country from 1874-1882, and the Koro Sea is located in this country. Mount Tomanivi is the highest mountain on the main island of this country, which has an international airport at Nadi. It contains the Lau group, Vanua Levu, and Viti Levu, site of this country's capital, Suva. For 10 points, name this Pacific island nation.

Lake Geneva

The land near the coast of this body of water is home to the famous Lavaux vineyards and its coast is home to the Castle of Chillon, which was built by the Dukes of Savoy. There is a city that shares a name with it in southern (*) Wisconsin, and the lake was called Lacus Lemanus in Roman times. The stretch of coast from it's namesake city to Lausanne is called La Cote. The Rhone river flows in to and then back out of FTP What second largest European lake, named for a Swiss city.

Wyoming

The murders in this state of Nick Ray and Nate Champion set off the Johnson County War. A city in this state was the source of the moniker of Harry Longbaugh, the Sundance Kid. This is the home state of former senator Alan Simpson, who was replaced by current senator Mike Enzi. Before becoming Secretary of Defense, Dick Cheney represented this state in the House. Name this western US state with capital Cheyenne.

Easter Island

The native population of this island has traditionally divided itself into "long-ear" and "short-ear" groups. Its first Western visitor was Jacob Roggeveen, and James Cook described a war on this island. Much of this island is made up of tuff, a type of volcanic rock, and its lakes include Rano Kao and Rano Aroi. Its highest point is Mount Terakava, and its largest town is Hanga Roa. Its traditional writing system is called Rongo-Rongo, which can be found on the ahu platforms that hold the most notable remnants of its original inhabitants. For 10 points, name this Pacific island controlled by Chile, notable for its large moai statues.

Guatemala

The port of Livingston in this country is a center of the Garifuna culture, and the largest port is Puerto Barrios. Towns in this country's highlands include Chichicastenango and Quetzaltenango, and this country's most famous lake is the volcano-ringed Atitlan. The cities of Santa Elena and Flores in the Peten region are located in the north of this country near the ruins of Tikal. For 10 points, name this Central American country that borders Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, and Mexico.

Alabama

The so called "Children's Crusade" in this state caused Malcolm X to say, "Real men don't put their children on the firing line." One of its cities had a Commissioner of Public Safety named Bull Connor. Vivian Malone Jones and James Hood were temporarily blocked in their attempt to enter a university in this state by its governor standing in the schoolhouse door. For 10 points, name this state governed by George Wallace.

Mount Etna

The vegetation occurring here includes a plant called spino santo, and an eruption on this peak led to a law forbidding the artificial diversion of lava flows which was only repealed in 1983. This was apparently because the citizens of Catania on its southern slope and the Ionian Sea tried to divert the lava to the north of the city. That eruption in took place in 1669 above the town of Nicolosi and as a result, Monti Rossi formed. In a myth about it, this oldest recorded active volcano was reputed to be the site of the suicide of Empedocles. For ten points, name this stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily?

Wyoming

This US state is home to Fort Bridger, named for the mountain man who established it as a major supply depot for the Oregon and Mormon Trails. The treaty ending the Red Cloud War was signed in this state in a town that saw the hate crime murder of Matthew Shepard in 1998. In 1925 this state elected Nellie Ross as the first female governor in US history, perhaps unsurprising as this state granted women suffrage upon entrance to the Union in 1890. Fort Laramie and Casper are towns in, FTP, what state with capital at Cheyenne?

West Virginia

This action was ratified by Congress only due to the Willey Amendment. The Declaration of the People, which proclaimed this, announced the formation of the "Restored Government." John Carlile's convention at Clarksburg had resolved to perform this action, which involved fifty counties and was orchestrated by those who left the 1861 Secession Convention in protest. Supported by the small farmers and abolitionists who were antagonistic towards the Richmond government, for 10 points, name this 1863 event that broke a former slave state in two.

Shanghai

This city's Xintiandi shopping area is made up of traditional stone houses known as shikumen. The Lupu Bridge, the world's longest arched bridge, crosses the Huangpu River, which divides this city into its old and new sections. The Pudong New District contains this city's international airport, which is served by the world's first commercial maglev train. During the late 19th century, parts of the Puxi section of this city were divided into International and French concessions, which remain as distinct neighborhoods today. For 10 points, name this city, the largest in mainland China.

Alabama

This country's capital city is home to the Trarza Lake and has a name literally meaning "the place of the winds." The southern portion of this country is home to the city of Kaedi, which is located in the Chemama zone. Together with its northern neighbor, this country shares a peninsula known as Ras Nouadhibou. This country is bordered by Mali to the east, Senegal to the south, Western Sahara to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Eighty percent covered by the Sahara, for 10 points, name this African nation with capital at Nouakchott.

Mauritania

This country's capital city is home to the Trarza Lake and has a name literally meaning "the place of the winds." The southern portion of this country is home to the city of Kaedi, which is located in the Chemama zone. Together with its northern neighbor, this country shares a peninsula known as Ras Nouadhibou. This country is bordered by Mali to the east, Senegal to the south, Western Sahara to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Eighty percent covered by the Sahara, for 10 points, name this African nation with capital at Nouakchott.

Uruguay

This country's highest point is Mount Catedral, and the Haedo Ridge lies in its north, and the Grande Ridge is in its southeast. This country shares the Merin Lagoon with a northern neighbor, and Piriapolis is a major fishing port. The slang language of Portunol is spoken in the town of Rivera in this country, and it is transverse by the Negro River from the northeast to southwest. Sometimes known as the Oriental Republic, it is bounded by Brazil to its north and east. For 10 points, name this country, with its capital on the Rio de la Plata at Montevideo.

Estonia

This country's two largest islands are Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, which are popular vacation spots. In the southeast of this country is its highest point, Suur Munamagi, which is roughly translated as Egg Hill. Its largest lake, Lake Peipus forms much of the border between this country and Russia, and the Narva River, the largest river in the country, flows along that Russian border until it empties into the Gulf of Finland. For 10 points, name this country with capital at Tallinn that on May 1, 2004 entered the European Union along with fellow Baltic States Lithuania and Latvia.

Mount Kilimanjaro

This inactive volcano has three cones, the largest of which is Kibo, and its associated national park is located in Moshi. First summitted in 1889, four-fifths of its glacial ice caps have disappeared. The story that it was given as a birthday present by Queen Victoria to Wilhelm II has been debunked, and it is considered the largest free standing mountain in the world. For ten points, identify this mountain in Tanzania, the tallest in Africa.

Sri Lanka

This nation contains the Rakwana, Hatton and Knuckles highlands in addition to the Udawalawe, Wilpattu and Yala national parks. The Mahaweli is its longest river, while its highest peak lies near Nuwara Eliya, and is known as Pidurutalagala. Adam's Bridge separates the Gulf of Manar from the Palk Strait, which separates the Jaffna peninsula of this nation from the mainland. For 10 points, name this country whose largest cities include Trincomalee, Kotte and Colombo, an island nation off the southern coast of India formerly known as Ceylon.

Venezuela

This nation's northeastern region is inhabited by the Warao people, and most of its indigenous population lives in the western state of Zulia. Its Canaima National Park is its continent's largest, and this nation controls several islands off of its Araya Peninsula, including Los Roques and Isla de Margarita. The Casiquiare Channel links this nation's longest river to the Amazon, and another famous landmark overlooks Devil's Mountain and lies on the Churun River. Home to oil deposits in Lake Maracaibo as well as the Orinoco River and Angel Falls, name this nation bordered by Colombia, Guyana, and Brazil, whose capital is Caracas.

Congo River

This river receives water from Lake Mweru, and reaches into the sea at Muanda after flowing through the cities of Mbandaka, Boma and Matadi. The creator of the Malebo Pool, this waterway creates the Boyoma and Livingstone Falls, and receives the tributaries of the Chambeshi, Lualaba and Ubangi rivers. For 10 points, identify this second longest river in Africa, the namesake of the nations with capital at Kinshasa and Brazzaville.

Snake River

This river's namesake aquifer is one of the most productive in the world. The Lost River joins that aquifer underground, and it joins with Jackson Lake in the Grand Tetons, before entering Idaho at the Palisades Reservoir. It takes in the Raft River before entering Lake Walcott. It begins in Yellowstone National Park and flows through Hells Canyon before joining the Columbia River near Ice Harbor in Washington. For 10 points, name this river of the Northwest United States, named for its winding path.

Arizona

This state is home to the Yavapai people. It contains the fourth most populous county in the United States, Maricopa County. That county contains the cities Chandler and Glendale, as well as Tempe. Its northeast section contains part of the Navajo Nation, the only area of this state which observes Daylight Saving Time. It is home to the cities of Yuma and Mesa, as well as the Grand Canyon. For 10 points, name this state whose capital is Phoenix.

Delaware

This state controls the former Confederate prison camp at Pea Patch Island, parts of the small sliver it controls on the extreme west of Finns Point. This state sits to the north of the Transpeninsular Line, which was drawn to settle a dispute over which of two sites named Cape Henlopen was its true southern border. In 1921, the federal government awarded this state definitive ownership of The (*) Wedge, an area created by imprecise drawing of this state's northwestern border, the Twelve Mile Circle. In 1935, the Supreme Court forbade this state and New Jersey from ever again suing each other over ownership of this state's namesake river. For 10 points, name this state with a flagship public university located in Newark and a large metropolis at Wilmington.

Oregon

This state is near the hydrothermal vent chimney nicknamed Godzilla. It also contains Blue Basin, which is part of the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument. This state also contains Broken Top, which is near the Three Sisters and contains Bend Glacier. Many of its cities, such as Lake Oswego and Corvallis, lie along the Willamette River. This state also contains Sacajawea Peak and Mount Hood. Name this home of Crater Lake National Park whose capital is Salem, located north of California.

Arkansas

This state was the site of the Brooks-Baxter War. This was the home state of the general known as the "Stonewall of the West," Patrick Cleburne (CLAY-burn). Samuel Curtis established Union control of this state near Elkhorn Tavern at the Battle of Pea Ridge. Winthrop Rockefeller was a governor of this state that attempted to desegregate this state's schools. This state's governor Orval Faubus opposed the integration of nine students at Central High in this state's capital. For 10 points, name this home of the Little Rock Nine.

Arkansas

This state's Lieutenant Governor, Bill Halter, failed in a bid to run for his state's senate seat that was up for re-election in 2010 when he lost in the Democratic primary, while its other senate seat is currently held by Mark Pryor. That election saw a person who had introduced a House resolution to implement tax credits to teachers in low income districts, the Republican John Boozman, defeat the Democratic candidate Blanche Lincoln. In 2008, its governor put up a run for the Republican presidential nomination. For 10 points, name this home state of Mike Huckabee and Bill Clinton.

New Hampshire

This state's Rattlesnake Hill in the town of Redstone quarried rocks used to build the Library of Congress and the Willey family tragedy attracted many artists to its Conway Valley. Lonesome Lake and Greenleaf are high-altitude huts in this state located near glacial tarns atop Mount Lafayette and Franconia Ridge, which are operated by the Appalachian Mountain Club throughout its (*) Presidential Range. Crawford Notch was a popular painting subject in this state whose southern lowlands contain the isolated granite monolith of Mount Monadnock. Its Lake Winnipesaukee drains into the Merrimack River from the White Mountains. Theodore Roosevelt hosted negotiations to end the Russo-Japanese War in this state, which is bordered on its west by the Connecticut River. For 10 points, identify this state home to Portsmouth, whose largest city is Manchester and whose capital is at Concord.

Michigan

This state's Senator Arthur Vandenberg worked with Harry Truman to create a bipartisan foreign policy following World War II. Its statehood was delayed by the Toledo War, and Lewis Cass of this state was known as the "father of popular sovereignty." The controversial radio priest Father Charles Coughlin hailed from Royal Oak in this state, and this state's Dearborn Independent newspaper was used by a noted manufacturer as a vehicle for anti-Semitic propaganda. For 10 points, name this state, the home of President Gerald Ford and Henry Ford.

Colorado

This state's Trail Ridge Road is the highest highway in the United States. This state contains Mt. Harvard, Mt. Princeton, and Mt. Yale in its Collegiate Peaks range, and its national parks include Great Sand Dunes and Black Canyon of the Gunnison. Containing Dinosaur National Monument on its western border and the historic Mesa Verde, its highest peak is Mt. Elbert, though another mountain in this state inspired "America the Beautiful." For 10 points, identify this state, home to Pike's Peak, which contains the cities of Aurora, Boulder, and its capital, Denver.

Maryland

This state's colonial governor William Stone was defeated by a puritan army at the Battle of the Severn after a period of instability called "the plundering time." This state was the site of the Battle of Bladensburg, and in another War of 1812 action, forces under George Armistead withstood a 25 hour bombardment at its Fort McHenry. During the Civil War, a battle in this state was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history. For 10 points, name this state which was first colonized by Cecilius Calvert, the 2nd Baron Baltimore.

South Carolina

This state's gubernatorial candidate Wade Hampton controlled an armed militia called the Red Shirts. Jemmy began a slave revolt along this state's Stono River. Banastre Tarleton fled this state after his British were crushed at Cowpens. In May 1718, the Queen Anne's Revenge blockaded a harbor in what's now this state at the behest of Blackbeard. P.G.T. Beauregard aimed cannons at an island in that same harbor in the southeast of this state, where the first shots of the Civil War were fired. For 10 points, name this first Southern state to secede, which then fired on Fort Sumter off the coast of Charleston harbor.

New Jersey

This state's legislature met to ratify the Declaration of Independence at Indian King Tavern. The series of scouting missions and skirmishes in this state in early 1777 were dubbed the "forage war." The harsh conditions in the 1779 to 1780 winter encampment here nearly sparked a mutiny in the Continental Army. It was governed throughout the revolution by William Livingston. A series of American victories in this state occurred on the "Ten Crucial Days." The general Hugh Mercer died at the battle which drove the British out of this state. (*) Mary Hays' work loading cannons inspired the legend of Molly Pitcher at this state's Battle of Monmouth. It was also the site of a December 26, 1776 battle where a large group of Hessian soldiers were surprised and captured. For 10 points, name this state, the site of the battles of Trenton and Princeton.

Great Britain

This was formed as the Weald-Artios anticline was breached by a lake. Swansea and Stirling are on this island, and early human remains were found on it at Cheddar Gorge. Known to the Romans as In- sula Albionum, it was a base of operations for the Vikings, the Celts [KELTS] and the Anglo-Saxons, and it is now the third most populated island in the world. Some of its oldest cities are Hull, Chichester, Dur- ham, Hereford, and Coventry. Name this location of Scotland, Wales, and England.

Rhode Island

Thomas McCoy and Robert Emmet Quinn were part of the Bloodless Revolution of 1935 in this state, which resulted in a Democratic Governor, Theodore Francis Green. Samuel Slater, who stole textile technology from Great Britain, founded the first water mill here. The "republican form of government" in this state was questioned in Luther v. Borden, which was a result of Dorr's Rebellion. The only state not to send delegates to the Constitutional Convention was, for 10 points, what state founded by religious dissenters like Anne Hutchinson and the author of The Bloody Tenant of Persecution, Roger Williams, with capital at Providence, known for being small.

New York City

Though it is not India, the "Delhi Clique" was the target of one faction in this state's Anti-Rent War. During the Second Great Awakening, one part of this state was known as the "Burned-Over District." Hooker Chemical buried twenty-one thousand pounds of toxic waste beneath the Love Canal neighborhood of a city in the west of this state. This state was the location of the first execution by electric chair and the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. For 10 points, name this state in which the World Trade Center stood until it was attacked on September 11, 2001.

Washington, D.C.

Though not New York or any city in Montana or Antarctica, this city features a foot bridge to Theodore Roosevelt Island. This city's Lambda Rising bookstore recently closed near its gay-friendly neighborhood of Dupont Circle. Benjamin Latrobe designed the building at the center of this city, whose other important buildings include Dumbarton Oaks. It is located right next to the site of military funerals at Arlington Cemetery. Its four divisions include Northwest and Southeast and the Tidal Basin is near its Watergate Hotel. For 10 points, name this city on the Potomac and Anacostia rivers between Maryland and Virginia.

New York City

Though not in Georgia, James Oglethorpe's warnings about Spanish-instigated slave uprisings led to seventeen hangings as a result of this city's 1741 "Conspiracy Trials." Earlier, this city suffered the first large-scale (+) slave revolt, which took place in 1712 in the East Ward. During the Revolutionary War, this city was abandoned after a clandestine retreat in August 1776, and it was the intended endpoint of (*) John Burgoyne's march meant to isolate New England from the rest of the colonies. Briefly, this city was renamed New Orange after being recaptured during the Third Anglo-Dutch War. For 10 points, name this large city which was renamed from New Amsterdam.

Texas

Though the Buffalo Soldiers were formed in Kansas, much of their service was done at Fort Davis and Fort Clark in this state. Part of its eastern border is formed by the Sabine River, and a region of its southern border is called the Big Bend. The southernmost point of this state, the location of the Battle of Resaca de la Palma, is the city of Brownsville. The town of Lubbock is just south of its panhandle, which includes Amarillo [aa-muh-RIL-oh]. Its largest metropolitan area contains Plano, Irving, and Fort Worth. Name this state that, in addition to Dallas, contains the city of San Antonio, home of the Alamo.

Sinai Peninsula

To the north of this region is at-Tinah Gulf, and ancient cities in this region included Pelusium. The Giddi and Mitla passes of this region have been of military importance, and oil was first discovered in this region at Mount Tanakah. The Wadi al-Arish dominates the northeastern part of this region, whose Ras Mohammed National Park is a popular tourist destination. Home to Taha, Dahab, Sharm ash-Sheikh, and St. Catherine's Monastery, for 10 points, name this Egyptian peninsula known for a namesake Biblical mountain.

Limpopo River

Vasco de Gama named it the Espiritu Santo River, and it joins the Marico River at the Bushveld Basin. This river is unnavigable until its confluence with the Olifants, and it reaches the fall line after receiving the Shashi River. The Hartbeespoort Dam blocks its headwaters, and this river shares its name with a province with capital at Polokwane. Rising as the Crocodile River in Witwatersrand, it forms part of Botswana's southeastern border. For 10 points, name this "greasy" river that flows into the Indian Ocean in Mozambique.

Naples

When Belisarius seized this city, Procopius of Caesarea says that he sent troops through the aqueduct into the city to open the gates. Its Byzantine duke, Stephen II handed the city over to the Pope in 763, and from there they never held this southern Italian city again. Thereafter it was controlled by Normans, the French, Spaniards, Austrians, eventually forming the mainland part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. For 10 points, identify this Italian city standing in the shadow of Mount Vesuvius.

California

While running for this state's Senate, Dick Tuck made a speech asserting that the dead could still vote. Sir Francis Drake claimed what became this state for England as "New Albion." In this state, the Sleepy Lagoon murder helped spark a riot against people who wore zoot suits. Dan White assassinated the first publicly (*) gay officeholder in this state. Harvey Milk was from this state, which was once represented by Richard Nixon. John C. Fremont helped conquer what became this state during the Mexican-American War with the help of the Bear Flag Revolt. A discovery at Sutter's Mill caused--for 10 points--49ers to rush into what state seeking gold?

Michigan

Workers in a sit-down strike in this state were assisted by the Women's Emergency Brigade and were not harassed by Governor Frank Murphy. Its largest city was the site of the 12th Street Riot. A system giving extra admission points to racial minorities was ruled unconstitutional although Affirmative Action itself was not banned in Supreme Court cases appealed from this state named (*) Gratz and Grutter v. Bollinger. A president who had earlier been a congressman from this state ordered an operation to rescue the crew of the Mayaguez and controversially pardoned his predecessor, Richard Nixon. Home to Gerald Ford, for 10 points, name this state where in 1937 UAW workers engaged in a lengthy strike in its city of Flint.