Patho 11
A male college student has arrived at the student clinic complaining of tingling, itching, and pains in his groin. Upon inspection, the nurse notices some pustules and vesicles. While taking a detailed sexual history, the nurse should ask which question to rule out further complications?
"Do you have pain when you urinate or difficulty starting the stream?"
A 20-year-old male has been diagnosed with a chlamydial infection, and his primary care provider is performing teaching in an effort to prevent the client from infecting others in the future. Which statement by the client demonstrates the best understanding of his health problem?
"Even if I spread it to someone else, there's a good chance she won't have any symptoms or know she has it."
A 31-year-old male was diagnosed with genital herpes of the HSV-2 type 5 years ago. He is now broaching the subject with a woman he has recently formed a relationship with. Which of his statements is most accurate? "If you've been exposed to the herpes virus in the past, then there's no significant risk of reinfection." "The worst case scenario is that you'll develop cold sores, since this is the type of herpes virus that I've got." "If you've had cold sores when you were younger, it means that you've got antibodies against this type of herpes virus." "Even when I'm not having a recurrence, I could still pass the virus on to you."
"Even when I'm not having a recurrence, I could still pass the virus on to you."
While taking a history on a female client with vague symptoms but who has a strong feeling that "something is wrong with my body," which comments make the health care provider think of ovarian cancer? Select all that apply. "For some reason, I have bloating. My pants are tighter than normal." "I am losing weight. I just feel full after just a few bits of food." "I have to go to the bathroom to urinate frequently. I just cannot hold it very long." "I think I must have an infection. I have a heaviness in my groin (pelvic region)." "My previous health care provider put me on birth control pills." "It seems like all of a sudden, I get diarrhea out of no where."
"For some reason, I have bloating. My pants are tighter than normal." "I am losing weight. I just feel full after just a few bits of food." "I have to go to the bathroom to urinate frequently. I just cannot hold it very long." "I think I must have an infection. I have a heaviness in my groin (pelvic region)."
A campus-based peer counseling group is conducting an information blitz on sexually transmitted infections. Which statement about genital warts requires correction? "Genital warts can take up to a month after exposure to first become visible." "There is no existing treatment that can eradicate the virus once it's contracted." "Condoms do not necessarily prevent the transmission of the virus that causes genital warts." "There are a number of subtypes of the virus that causes genital warts, but current vaccines protect against most common causes of them."
"Genital warts can take up to a month after exposure to first become visible."
A medical student is assessing a 22-year-old male who has come to the emergency department because of pain and swelling in his scrotum over the past 36 hours. The attending physician has told the student that she suspects epididymitis. Which of the medical student's following questions is most likely to be useful in the differential diagnosis of epididymitis?
"Have you had unprotected sex in the past?"
Following a visit to her campus medical clinic motivated by persistent abdominal pain and dyspareunia, a 20 year-old female college student has been referred for a diagnostic workup to rule out pelvic inflammatory disease. Her elevated white cell and C-reactive protein levels lead her care provider to suspect pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What follow-up question is most likely to help with the differential diagnosis?
"How many sexual partners have you had?"
A client who is still breast-feeding her infant has arrived at the clinic complaining of sore breasts. The physician has diagnosed mastitis. Which statement made by the client will require correction by the nurse? "They tell me this is usually caused by a Staph infection." "I need to make sure to wash my hands thoroughly before touching my breasts." "I need to stop breast-feeding until all my antibiotics have been taken." "A duct in my breast has become clogged."
"I need to stop breast-feeding until all my antibiotics have been taken."
A 50-year-old woman experiencing hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms asks the nurse about the benefits of the traditional Chinese use of dong quai. What is the nurse's best response? "More research is needed on herbal remedies. Neither safety nor efficacy is guaranteed." "Each woman needs to make a choice about using herbals based on her personal beliefs." "You should not take herbal remedies but only the medications prescribed by your physician." "There is no evidence that any herbal products can benefit women with these symptoms."
"More research is needed on herbal remedies. Neither safety nor efficacy is guaranteed."
Staff at a women's health center are being briefed by their supervisor on the latest recommendations for breast cancer screening. Which guidelines should staff pass on to their clients?
"Screening mammography and clinical exams are the cornerstones of breast cancer screening."
Which statement by the high school nurse is most accurate in terms of the function/purpose of female ovaries? "The ovaries produce viable ova (eggs) for one's entire life." "The female ovaries produce many more viable ova/month during the adolescent years compared to later in life." "The ovaries contain a fixed number of ova at birth which decreases thoughout one's life." "A female's reproductive life continues to produce ova until death."
"The ovaries contain a fixed number of ova at birth which decreases thoughout one's life."
A client arrives for his scheduled vasectomy. During preoperative education, the client asks the nurse, "Now tell me again what is going to be cut to stop my production of sperm?" Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?
"The provider will surgically disconnect the vas deferens in the scrotal area, which is the system that transports sperm during ejaculation."
A client who has recovered from an initial genital herpes outbreak is seeking advice about controlling the condition. The client asks the nurse, "Can I take antiviral medication now while I don't have sores to prevent another outbreak?" What is the nurse's best response? "Yes, you can get a maintenance dose from your physician that is a lower dose compared to the one used during an outbreak." "The use of antiviral medication between outbreaks is not recommended unless there is evidence that the virus is active." "No, it is not advised as antiviral medication loses its effectiveness over time by causing the virus to mutate and become resistant." "This is something decided on a case-by-case basis, so I recommend you speak with your health care provider about your options."
"The use of antiviral medication between outbreaks is not recommended unless there is evidence that the virus is active."
A client who is 3 months pregnant is experiencing nausea, constipation, and frequent headaches. What guidance should the nurse provide the client?
"These discomforts should be assessed by your health care provider as a sign of possible gestational diabetes." WRONG
A 20 year-old male has presented to a health clinic with multiple genital lesions that are filled with a viscous, creamy exudate and has subsequently been diagnosed with molluscum contagiosum. What is his care provider most likely to tell him about the plan for treating the diagnosis?
"This kind of infection often subsides on its own and doesn't grow more serious over time."
A 41-year-old male has presented to his family physician stating that for the last 2 years his erection "is as crooked as a dog's hind leg, and hurts too." He has subsequently been diagnosed with Peyronie disease. Which statement by his physician is most appropriate? "Even though it's obviously distressing, you should know that this will likely resolve on its own with time." "I'll refer you to a urologist who will likely want to perform a circumcision." "This might need surgery but it could possibly disappear over time without needing treatment." "There are things you can do to minimize this, such as getting more exercise, stopping smoking, and maintaining a healthy diet."
"This might need surgery but it could possibly disappear over time without needing treatment."
The nurse is counseling a client who just received the recommended treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea. The client asks if a test will need to be done to determine if the treatment was successful. What is the nurse's best response?
"This single dose of the two medications does not require any follow-up, but if symptoms persist contact your health care provider."
A 60-year-old woman who is 11 years menopausal has presented to the emergency department stating, "I haven't had my period in years, but lately I've been bleeding again, and quite heavily in the last few days." The care team needs to rule out endometrial cancer. How should they best explain the most accurate plan for confirming or ruling out the diagnosis? "We're going to book a CT scan for you as soon as possible so that we can see what is inside your uterus." "We're going to have to open your cervix with a speculum and take scrapings from the wall of your uterus." "We are going to order blood work that will measure your hormone levels." "We can do a Pap smear right now and we will get the results as soon as we can."
"We're going to have to open your cervix with a speculum and take scrapings from the wall of your uterus."
An older adult male resident has a grossly distended scrotum. On examination, the resident has been diagnosed with a hydrocele. What will the nurse most likely tell the resident and his family about his diagnosis?
"While distressing to look at, this condition usually doesn't have any significant consequences and won't need treatment."
A 68-year-old man has revealed to his care provider that he is distraught over his increasingly frequent inability to maintain an erection. Which teaching point is most warranted? "Above the age of 65, erectile dysfunction is largely inevitable and untreatable." "With lifestyle modifications like exercise, weight loss, and quitting smoking you can most likely correct this and prevent it in the future." "While this problem is often a part of the aging process, it might be a result of some of the medications that you take." "Most often this problem is transient and will resolve with time."
"While this problem is often a part of the aging process, it might be a result of some of the medications that you take."
An older female client calls and reports, "Another cyst in my private area. I had this years ago, but after 15 years it has returned. What should I do?" Which advice should the health care provider give to this client?
"You should call and make an appointment. I would like to evaluate this further."
Which teaching point by an oncologist is most appropriate for a 33-year-old male who will begin treatment shortly for his testicular cancer? "Thanks to new treatment advances, there's a very good chance that I won't have to remove a testicle." "If steroid treatment fails, then we can consider surgery and/or chemotherapy." "You should know that there might be adverse effects on your sexual function after treatment is finished." "The advantage of performing an orchiectomy over other treatments is that it rules out recurrence."
"You should know that there might be adverse effects on your sexual function after treatment is finished."
A 64-year-old woman has developed what she believes to be a Bartholin gland cyst based on an Internet search and asks the nurse what action should be taken. How should the nurse respond? "Unless the cyst becomes infected, it does not require any medical intervention." "Due to your age, you should have this cyst examined by your physician." "You will require surgery to drain the cyst and antibiotics afterward." "Apply moist heat for a week and if does not resolve, consult your physician."
"You will require surgery to drain the cyst and antibiotics afterward." WRONG!
A client experiencing infertility problems has learned that the prolactin levels are elevated. The client asks, "What does that mean in terms of us getting pregnant?" Which response is most accurate? "Your sex glands will produce little or no sex hormones." "You will need an injection every month to replenish your hormones." ""Let's look at all your prescriptions to see if that might be the problem. Diuretics can cause this." "Not to worry, this is a common finding that can be corrected easily."
"Your sex glands will produce little or no sex hormones."
A public health nurse is planning a vaccination schedule for a local high school. What age group and time frame should the nurse plan for when scheduling the recombinant human papillomavirus vaccine? 14-year-old students with a second vaccination in 6 months Students who are at least 15 with two more sets of vaccinations 6 months apart Students who are sexually active with a second vaccination 1 year later 16 year-old students with two additional vaccinations within the next 6 months
14-year-old students with a second vaccination in 6 months
Following ejaculation in a healthy adult, there are approximately 300 million sperm present. What percentage of these sperm would be considered normal [mobile and morphologically healthy] and able to fertilize an egg? 95% 75% 55% 45%
55%
Which sexually active woman most likely faces the highest risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy?
A 42-year-old who has decided to try to have one more child and has had her tubal ligation reversed.
A 40-year-old female client tells the nurse she was diagnosed at a walk-in clinic several months ago with lichen sclerosus when she thought she had a yeast infection. Based on this statement, what actions should the nurse advocate for in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.
A topical corticosteroid Follow-up examinations for vulvar cancer Screening for autoimmune disorders
The nurse is planning care for a client with acute epididymitis. Which interventions should the nurse be sure to perform? Select all that apply. Administer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Verify culture results prior to initiating antibiotic therapy. Apply a supportive device to elevate the scrotum. Encourage frequent ambulation. Assess temperature four times daily.
Administer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Apply a supportive device to elevate the scrotum. Assess temperature four times daily.
The nurse is working with a couple who have been unsuccessful in becoming pregnant after trying for the past 6 months. The male client has just been told he had an abnormal semen sample. What should the nurse include in the plan of care? Select all that apply. Advise the male client he should submit a second semen sample for analysis. Advise the male client to ejaculate several times a day to stimulate sperm production. Inquire about past viral infections the male client may have experienced. Recommend the female client keep a record of her menstrual cycle. Refer the couple to a specialist since they meet the criteria for infertility.
Advise the male client he should submit a second semen sample for analysis.??? Inquire about past viral infections the male client may have experienced.??? Recommend the female client keep a record of her menstrual cycle.???
An older adult client has a history of ischemic heart disease, MI, unstable angina controlled by transdermal nitroglycerin patch, chronic smoking requiring use of nebulized bronchodilators, and hypertension treated with a potassium-sparing diuretic and a beta-adrenergic blocking medication. The man states that he has been unable to maintain his erection. Which aspects of the man's health problems/treatments would the nurse identify as contributing to his erectile difficulty (ED)? Select all that apply. Antihypertensive medications Use of bronchodilators Hypertension Diuretic use Smoking history Age
Age Smoking history Hypertension Antihypertensive medications
A client is undergoing testing for testicular cancer. Which tumor markers should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client? Select all that apply. Prostate specific antigen Alpha-fetoprotein Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Dihydrotestosterone
Alpha-fetoprotein Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin
The nurse is caring for a client with hypertension and diabetes who has been diagnosed with balanoposthitis secondary to Candida albicans. What actions should the nurse make sure are in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply. Retract foreskin and clean all surfaces of the penis twice daily. Optimize glycemic control. Keep hypertension well-controlled. Apply topical corticosteroid as ordered. Apply topical antifungal as ordered. Monitor urine output.
Apply topical antifungal as ordered. Monitor urine output. Retract foreskin and clean all surfaces of the penis twice daily. Optimize glycemic control.
The anatomy of the prostate gland is made up of three concentric areas surrounding the prostatic urethra, into which they open. The nurse understands that an overgrowth of the mucosal glands can cause which disorder in older men?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
A 71-year-old man has visited his family physician for a checkup, during which the physician has initiated a discussion about the client's sexual function. Which phenomenon would the physician most likely consider pathological rather than an age-related change?
Cessation of androgen production.
A 35-year-old male client has started androgen therapy for hypogonadism. What symptoms should the nurse instruct the client to report? Increased body hair growth Weight gain Changes in urination Increased libido
Changes in urination
A 24-year-old female presents with vulvar pruritus accompanied by irritation, pain on urination, erythema, and an odorless, thick, acid vaginal discharge. She denies sexual activity during the last 6 months. Her records show that she has diabetes mellitus and uses oral contraceptives. Which category of antimicrobial medication is most likely to clear her symptoms? Clotrimazole, an antifungal agent. Penicillin V potassium, a broad-spectrum antibiotic ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic Tenofovir, an antiviral agent
Clotrimazole, an antifungal agent.
A client calls the nurse at an urgent care center about ongoing symptoms of acute epididymitis. The client began antibiotic therapy 3 days ago but pain, swelling, and fever are still present. What is the best direction for the nurse to offer the client?
Come into the urgent care center for reevaluation as soon as possible.
During unprotected sex, a 17-year-old female high school senior has been exposed to the human papillomavirus (HPV). The school nurse would recognize that the student is at a considerable risk of developing which diagnosis?
Condylomata acuminata
A 25-year-old woman with primary dysmenorrhea is seeking treatment options from the community health nurse. What should the nurse include in a treatment plan? Select all that apply. Determining the cause of the client's symptoms Encouraging bed rest during episodes of dysmenorrhea Consulting a prescribing provider for SSRI medication Consulting a prescribing provider for oral contraceptives Administering ibuprofen as needed
Consulting a prescribing provider for oral contraceptives Administering ibuprofen as needed
The health nurse is dealing with a case of untreated chlamydial infection. The nurse suspects the client has developed Reiter syndrome. Which clinical manifestations would support this diagnosis? Select all that apply. Diffuse pinkness of the conjunctiva along with watery and itchy eyes. Asymmetric complaints of stiffness and pain in knees and sacroiliac joints. Cervical tissue very friable and bleeds easily. Pain when urinating. Fatigue and tiredness from heart valve vegetation.
Diffuse pinkness of the conjunctiva along with watery and itchy eyes. Asymmetric complaints of stiffness and pain in knees and sacroiliac joints. Pain when urinating.
Which statement best captures an aspect of normal spermatogenesis? Testosterone chemically lyses each primary spermatocyte into two secondary spermatocytes with 23 chromosomes each. Sertoli cells differentiate into spermatids, each of which can contribute half of the chromosomes necessary for reproduction. Spermatogonia adjacent to the tubular wall undergo meiotic division and provide a continuous source of new germinal cells. Each primary spermatocyte undergoes two nuclear divisions yielding four cells with 23 chromosomes each.
Each primary spermatocyte undergoes two nuclear divisions yielding four cells with 23 chromosomes each.
If a male has a history of impaired blood flow in his vascular system, he may be prone to developing:
Erectile dysfunction
Which client in the infertility clinic will likely be able to correct her amenorrhea by diet counseling? Female with a BMI index of 45 who cannot exercise due to knee problems and relies on fast food delivery Extreme marathon runner with a BMI of 13.5 prior to the race but carries protein bars for energy Female with anorexia nervosa who has increased her BMI from 14 to 15 in 2 weeks by weighing food servings Female with chronic kidney disease, stage 4, who has a strict diet of low protein, sodium, and potassium
Female with anorexia nervosa who has increased her BMI from 14 to 15 in 2 weeks by weighing food servings
Of the following list of medications, which would likely be prescribed to a client with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as a way to decrease the prostate size by blocking the effects of androgens on the prostate? Finasteride, a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor Isosorbide mononitrate, a vasodilator Birth control pills containing both estrogen and progestin Leuprolide, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog
Finasteride, a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor
During the study of hormones related to sexual functioning, the instructor mentions negative feedback systems. Which is an example pertaining to a negative feedback loop in the male genitourinary stystem?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates inhibin and inhibin supresses FSH.
Having heard positive reports of the benefits of hormone therapy (HT) from her sister-in-law and friends, a 49 year-old woman has presented to her family physician asking to start HT. Her uterus is intact and previous bone scans have indicated low bone density. The client also has a family history of heart disease. She characterizes her symptoms of menopause as "noticeable, but not debilitating by any means." Based on the most current research, what is her physician's best course of action? Begin estrogen-progesterone HT (EPT) to prevent future menopausal symptoms and coronary heart disease (CHD). Forego HT in light of her preexisting low bone density and consequent risk of osteoporosis. Forego HT but consider alternative therapies and reevaluate if her symptoms significantly affect her quality of life. Begin low-dose HT but perform regular breast cancer screening and heart health checks.
Forego HT but consider alternative therapies and reevaluate if her symptoms significantly affect her quality of life.
A nursing student studying obstetrics asks the faculty, "How does the sperm get so much energy to swim up the fallopian tubes?" The instructor responds based on which pathophysiologic principle? Usually the ejaculation is so powerful that it propels the sperm far up into the fallopian tubes. Fructose is secreted by the seminal vesicles and provides energy for motility of the sperm. The seminal vesicles secrete fluid for the semen and they can secrete catecholamines that energize the sperm. Estrogen that is being secreted when the ova are ripe and ready for penetration assists by attracting the sperm in the right direction.
Fructose is secreted by the seminal vesicles and provides energy for motility of the sperm.
A 55-year-old male has presented to the emergency department because he is alarmed at the genitourinary symptoms he has experienced over the last several days. He reveals that he has had a number of new sexual relationships during a tropical vacation that ended 5 days ago. Over the last several days, he has had increasing pain in his urethra and a creamy yellow discharge from his penis. For the last two days, the discharge has been occasionally blood-tinged. What differential diagnosis would be the care team's first priority? Chancroid Syphilis Chlamydia Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea
A 29-year-old woman has been trying for many months to become pregnant, and fertilization has just occurred following her most recent ovulation. What process will now occur that will differentiate this ovulatory cycle from those prior? Human chorionic gonadotropin will be produced, preventing luteal regression. The remaining primary follicles will provide hormonal support for the first 3 months of pregnancy. The corpus luteum will atrophy and be replaced by corpus albicans. The basal layer of the endometrium will be sloughed in preparation for implantation.
Human chorionic gonadotropin will be produced, preventing luteal regression.
The nurse is counselling a group of women about the possible long-term complications associated with trichomoniasis. What complications should the nurse include? Select all that apply.
Infertility Pelvic inflammatory disease Infection with sexually transmitted viruses
A 54-year-old diabetic client has come to the urology clinic complaining of erectile dysfunction. His history includes obesity, coronary artery disease which required bypass graft 3 years ago, hypertension, and gout. The nurse practitioner is reviewing his record in order to prescribe medication. The practitioner is considering prescribing sildenafil. Which home medication is contraindicated if taken concurrently with sildenafil? Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker Amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic Isosorbide mononitrate, a vasodilator Furosemide, a diuretic
Isosorbide mononitrate, a vasodilator
A client presents to their health care provider with excruciating back pain progressively getting worse, decreased sensation in his lower extremities, urinary incontinence, and problems completely emptying his bladder. He is diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer with spinal cord compression and admitted to the hospital. The nurse should anticipate administering which medications to this client? Select all that apply.
Ketoconazole, a fungicide to lower serum testosterone levels Bisphosphonates, such as pamidronate, to inhibit bone loss
A 23-year-old woman has been referred to a fertility clinic after 1 year of attempting to become pregnant. Her diagnostic workup has resulted in a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). What will the first line of treatment most likely consist of? Estrogen-progesterone hormone therapy and the administration of clomiphene. Surgical resection of the ovaries using laparoscopy. Lifestyle modifications to include weight loss by lowering calories and fat consumption. Temporary use of oral contractive agents.
Lifestyle modifications to include weight loss by lowering calories and fat consumption.
A 31-year-old man has been referred to a fertility clinic following a count of 2 million sperm/mL on seminal fluid analysis. Which hormone levels would a clinician want to examine in an effort to ascertain the cause of the client's low sperm count? Select all that apply. Luteinizing hormone (LH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Cortisol Somatostatin Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
The public health nurse is tracking the incidence and prevalence of common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a population. What factors that influence the statistics related to STIs should the nurse consider when examining the data? Select all that apply.
Mandatory reporting of cases is only required for three STIs. Many STIs are asymptomatic. Some common STIs are incurable.
A young woman presents with vaginal itching and irritation of recent onset. Her labia are swollen, and she has a frothy, yellowish discharge with an unpleasant smell and a pH of 6.8. She has been celibate during the last 6 months and has been taking antibiotics for a throat infection. Which medication is most likely to clear her symptoms? Azithromycin Valacyclovir Penicillin Metronidazole
Metronidazole
A 13-year-old client undergoing puberty is alarmed to find small, white bumps surrounding the areolae on her nipples. The nurse reassures her that these are a normal sign of her sexual maturation and tells her that they are:
Montgomery tubercles
A 24-year-old woman has presented to an inner city free clinic because of the copious, foul vaginal discharge that she has had in recent days. Microscopy has confirmed the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis. What is the woman's most likely treatment and prognosis? Abstinence will be required until the infection resolves, since treatments do not yet have proven efficacy. Oral antiprotozoals to client and sexual partners to help prevent complications. Antifungal medications are effective against the anovulation and risk of HIV that accompany the infection. Vaginal suppositories and topical ointments can provide symptom relief but cannot eradicate the microorganism.
Oral antiprotozoals to client and sexual partners to help prevent complications.
Following a work-up which included endocrine studies (FSH/LH, prolactin, testosterone, DHEAS levels), a college student complaining of abnormal bleeding has been diagnosed with dysmenorrhea due to alterations in their hormone levels. The nurse should anticipate that which type of medication will be prescribed? Select all that apply. Oral contraceptives. Estrogen only. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Anxiolytic medications. Androgens.
Oral contraceptives. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors.
The nurse is creating a plan of care for a 45-year-old male client who has lived with untreated hypogonadism for the past 20 years. The nurse should prioritize screening the client for which health conditions related to his hypogonadism? Select all that apply.
Osteoporosis Depression Cardiovascular disease
While explaining milk production and release to a group of expectant parents, the nurse educates the parents that suckling sends feedback to the hypothalamus, which stimulates the release of which hormone responsible for ejection of milk into the ductal system? Oxytocin Prolactin Progesterone Follicle-stimulating hormone
Oxytocin
A 40-year-old black client is at increased risk of developing prostate cancer, because his father was diagnosed with the disease at age 60 and his brother at age 56. What diagnostic measures should be undertaken? PSA and DRE starting before the age of 50 Transrectal ultrasonography starting immediately PSA and DRE starting at age 50 Transrectal MRI starting at age 45
PSA and DRE starting before the age of 50
A 15-year-old female has presented to her family physician reporting frequent discomfort around the time of her period. She has subsequently been diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea. Which treatment is most likely to be effective?
Pain control with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors.
A 68-year-old male has visited his family physician because the size of his scrotum has increased exponentially in recent months. He has subsequently been diagnosed with an inguinal hernia. Which statement best captures the nature of his health problem? Part of his intestine and parietal peritoneum are protruding through the inguinal opening. Rupture of the tunica vaginalis has allowed a part of his small bowel to protrude into the intrascrotal space. Incomplete closure of the inguinal opening during his development has contributed to testicular hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Occlusion of the efferent ductules and epididymis cause massive dilation of the testes.
Part of his intestine and parietal peritoneum are protruding through the inguinal opening.
Which factors are known to contribute to vaginal yeast infections? Select all that apply.
Poorly controlled diabetes Recent antibiotic therapy Use of oral contraceptives High hormone levels during pregnancy
A couple has been trying to get pregnant for over 2 years. After infertility testing, the physician has informed the male that he has a low sperm count. The nurse knows which causes of low sperm count may lead to impaired spermatogenesis? Select all that apply. Prolonged fever. Wearing tight briefs rather than boxers. Undescended testes. Swimming in cold-water lakes. Vacationing in a tropical location.
Prolonged fever. Wearing tight briefs rather than boxers. Undescended testes.
The nurse is caring for a 34-year-old woman undergoing treatment for large endometrial lesions. What interventions should the nurse anticipate providing the client?
Providing pain control; preparing the client for a laparoscopic procedure or hysterectomy.
Prior to performing a laparoscopy, a client exhibiting which clinical manifestations would be treated with oral antibiotic therapy for suspected pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)? Select all that apply. Lower abdominal pain Tenderness when cervix is touched during bimanual exam Feeling of fullness and bloating in abdomen Purulent cervical drainage noted on tissue after voiding Elevated white cell count
Purulent cervical drainage noted on tissue after voiding Elevated white cell count Lower abdominal pain Tenderness when cervix is touched during bimanual exam
A 34-year-old male has been diagnosed with testicular cancer after he visited his family physician reporting an enlarged, painful testicle. Biopsy has indicated that his tumor is malignant, and his oncologist believes the tumor arose in the seminiferous epithelium and is producing a uniform population of cells. What is the client's most likely specific diagnosis?
Seminoma
A 31-year-old client with breast cancer is concerned about being prescribed a hormonal medication to help block the effects of estrogen on the growth of breast cancer cells. The nurse should provide education about which likely medication? Trastuzumab, a biologic therapy Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen Progesterone, a hormone. Anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor.
Tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen
A 14-year-old boy has been brought to the emergency department by his mother in excruciating pain that is radiating from his scrotum to his inguinal area. The boy's heart rate is 122 beats per minute and he has vomited twice before arrival at the hospital. Examination reveals that his scrotum is reddened and slightly swollen and the testes are firm to touch and tender, with extensive cremaster muscle contraction noted. What is the boy's most likely diagnosis? Epididymitis Hydrocele Testicular torsion Varicocele
Testicular torsion
Which statement most accurately captures a characteristic of the external female genitalia?
The labia majora and clitoris are analogous to the male scrotum and penis respectively.
The nurse is reviewing the various factors that could impact male fertility with a client, including the underproduction of prostaglandins in the seminal vesicles. What should the nurse tell the client is the consequence of underproduction of prostaglandin in semen? The partner's cervix will be less receptive to the semen. The sperm will be sluggish and lacking motility. The force of ejaculation will be diminished. The consistency of the semen will be less viscous.
The partner's cervix will be less receptive to the semen.
Which statement best captures an aspect of the neural control of sexual function?
The spinal cord plays a central role, with the limbic system and cerebral cortex also contributing.
A 71-year-old man diagnosed with a stage T2 prostate tumor 2 years ago has elected watchful waiting. Recently, his PSA has jumped considerably, as have his levels of serum acid phosphatase. Which course of action would be least appropriate at this stage?
Treatment with GnRH agonists alone
A postmenopausal woman mentions experiencing stress incontinence. Which assessments should the nurse perform for this client related to stress incontinence? Select all that apply.
Urinary tract infection Vaginitis Nocturia
During rounds at an infertility clinic, the provider suspects a new client has anovulation caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) based on which finding(s)? Select all that apply. able to palpate many "lumps" in uterus during examination testosterone levels are elevated noticeable acne and male-pattern hair growth cannot remember date of last menstrual period states she has a lack of sex drive and painful intercourse
able to palpate many "lumps" in uterus during examination testosterone levels are elevated noticeable acne and male-pattern hair growth cannot remember date of last menstrual period
A perimenopausal client is discussing the role estrogen plays in the body. Which function(s) would be considered extragenital metabolic effects that the nurse will share with this client? Select all that apply. development of the endometrial lining and secondary sex characteristics at puberty anti-atherosclerotic effects on the arterial wall decrease the rate of bone resorption production of an increase in high-density lipoproteins increase memory by enhancing presynaptic signal transmission
anti-atherosclerotic effects on the arterial wall decrease the rate of bone resorption production of an increase in high-density lipoproteins increase memory by enhancing presynaptic signal transmission
A client is beginning menopause and asks, "What do you mean by vasomotor instability now that my estrogen levels are decreasing?" Which manifestation(s) will the nurse share with this client related to this instability? Select all that apply. noticeable alopecia "hot flashes" headaches osteoporosis dizziness
dizziness "hot flashes" headaches
While teaching a health class to junior and senior male high school students, the school nurse educates them that the first sign of testicular cancer is:
enlargement of the testicle.
A client with a yeast infection asks the nurse how clinicians diagnose this infection. The nurse will base her response knowing this is primarily diagnosed by: the look and smell of the secretions. looking at the spores on a wet-mount slide using 20% potassium hydroxide. looking for lactobacillus species under the microscope. sending a blood test to lab for DNA testing on the specimen.
looking at the spores on a wet-mount slide using 20% potassium hydroxide.
The cremaster muscles work in concert with the pampiniform plexus that surrounds the testicular artery to: move the testes into the scrotum. maintain testicular temperature. empty fluid from the seminal vesicles into the genital ducts. move sperm from the ampulla to the penis.
maintain testicular temperature.
Which statement best captures an aspect of the role of progesterone? Progesterone:
pevels peak after ovulation and is present throughout the menstrual cycle.
The nurse is creating a plan of care for a client with erectile dysfunction. Which type of medication is most likely to make achieving an erection more difficult? Medications that:
promote vasoconstriction WRONG
