Patho Chapter 18 Review Questions

While lecturing on blood pressure, the nurse will emphasize that the body maintains its blood pressure by adjusting the cardiac output to compensate for changes in which physiologic process?

peripheral vascular resistance

Which goal is a priority for a nurse caring for a client diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension?

preventing falls

The nurse is providing education for a client diagnosed with essential hypertension. The nurse will state that the cause of this disorder is:

unknown

An older adult client has been diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. When planning the client's subsequent care, the nurse should prioritize which diagnosis?

Risk for falls

A client has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive arterial disease. Which client statement indicates she understands how to manage this disease?

"I should have my LDL monitored"

A client with persistent, primary hypertension remains apathetic about high blood pressure, stating "I don't feel sick, and it doesn't seem to be causing me any problems that I can tell." How could the nurse best respond to this client's statement?

"You may not sense any problems, but hypertension increases your risk of heart disease and stroke."

A client with persistent primary hypertension remains apathetic about his high blood pressure, stating, "I don't feel sick, and it doesn't seem to be causing me any problems that I can tell." How would the nurse best respond to this client's statement?

"You may not sense any problems, but it really increases your risk of heart disease and stroke."

A health care provider was asked by a client, "Why do my hands turn blue when I drive my car in the winter without gloves?" What is the best response?

"Your arteries in your hands/fingers are going into spasm, which decreases blood flow and circulating oxygen."

When will the nurse plan to assess a client's blood pressure to confirm the possible diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension?

In the morning before arising from bed

A teenager is diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse knows that risk factors for hypertension in children and adolescents include which of these? Select all that apply.

- high salt intake - obesity - inactive lifestyle

A nurse is planning a community education program on lifestyle modification to manage hypertension. Which topic should be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

- stop smoking - consme a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products - reduce dietary sodium intake - limit alcohol consumption

A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is asking what treatment will be needed. About which topics should the nurse educate the client? Select all that apply.

- weight reduction - dietary measures to reduce LDL levels - smoking cessation

The nurse knows that systolic hypertension is characterized by systolic pressure of ____mm Hg or higher.

140

The nurse knows that the main objective of the management of hypertension is to achieve a sustainable level of blood pressure below:

140/90

The physician's order states, "Calculate the pulse pressure of the client's B/P." The blood pressure reading is as follows: systolic pressure of 146 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure of 82 mm Hg. The pulse pressure would be:

64 mm Hg

Which client is at greatest risk for orthostatic hypotension?

A 66-year-old postoperative client on bed rest

The client tells the provider he has lower back pain. Although most abdominal aneurysms are asymptomatic, the provider examines the client for which initial sign of this condition?

A pulsating mass in the abdomen

Which client should most likely be assessed for orthostatic hypotension?

An older adult client who has experienced two falls since admission while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom.

A nurse is participating in a health fair and is addressing many of the varied factors that can contribute to hypertension. The nurse should be cognizant of the higher incidence and prevalence of hypertension in which groups?

Black and South Asian people

Which risk factor for the development of primary hypertension is nonmodifiable?

Black ethnicity

A 56-year-old male client has been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia. Which laboratory results that support this diagnosis?

Cholesterol 250 mg/dL and HDL 32 mg/dL

A client is immobilized following a hip injury. The client has developed lower leg discoloration with edema, pain, and tenderness in the midcalf area. How should the nurse document these clinical findings?

Deep vein thrombosis

The client has been diagnosed with impaired blood flow in the deep venous channels of her legs. The nurse explains that the most common cause of this condition is:

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

An older adult client is diagnosed with orthostatic hypotension. For which clinical manifestation should the nurse assess?

Dizziness and fainting

The nurse is teaching a class on reduction of cardiovascular disease. Which action/activity demonstrates an intervention that is cognizant of the modifiable risk factors for hyperlipidemia?

Going for a brisk walk with a friend and talking to him about continuing to exercise regularly

A 50-year-old man is having routine blood work done as part of his yearly physical. The doctor informs him that his good cholesterol is low. To which form of cholesterol is the doctor referring?

HDL

The health care provider is teaching a client about modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis. The most appropriate information to provide would be:

Hypertension

The nurse is counseling a client regarding a high cholesterol level. The nurse teaches the client that which lipoprotein is the main carrier of cholesterol?

LDL

Which lipoprotein is the main carrier of cholesterol?

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Which measure is the best modality to diagnose hypertension?

Repeated blood pressure determinations

A client's blood pressure is persistently in the range of 130-135 mm Hg systolic and 85-88 mm Hg diastolic. The nurse knows that the client's blood pressure would be classified as which AHA definition?

Stage 1 hypertension

A client is diagnosed with stage 2 hypertension. The nurse knows that which of the following is characteristic of stage 2 hypertension?

Sustained systolic pressure ≥160 mm Hg

A client has been diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. It is most important for the nurse to assess the client for:

Tearing or ripping-type pain in the chest or back

A 69-year-old man is admitted to the hospital following a popliteal embolectomy. He asks the nurse why he had to have surgery on his leg. What is the best response by the nurse?

The artery that runs behind your knee was blocked by a blood clot, and the doctor removed it.

The nurse is preparing to auscultate a client's blood pressure. Which information obtained from the client would indicate that the nurse should wait 30 minutes prior to obtaining a reading?

The client just smoked a cigarette

The nurse knows that the primary long term regulation of blood pressure is exerted by which body system?

The kidneys

Which blood vessel layer is composed primarily of smooth muscle cells?

Tunica media

The 40-year-old nurse is concerned that her job requires her to stand most of the day. Which therapy could be implemented to prevent tissue injury?

Wearing correctly fitted, elastic support stockings

Select the response that best describes the pressure-sensitive receptors that respond to changes in the stretch of the vessel wall.

baroreceptors

Which individual is at greatest risk for developing a venous thrombosis resulting from venous stasis?

client on bed rest