Patho: Exam 1

Normal WBC concentration range from?

5,000-10,000

Genes carried on sex chromosomes are called

sex-linked

What causes infectious mononucleosis?

Epstein-Barr (EB) virus

Which of the following assessment finding indicated an alteration in homeostatic control mechanisms?

Fever

Which type of gangrene is most serious and has the greatest potential to be fatal?

Gas gangrene

A metastatic tumor is one that:

Has spread to a location away from its site of origin.

The process of forming blood

Hematopoiesis

The ability to respond and maintain physiological and psychological stability during rapidly changing conditions in the internal and external environment is called:

Homeostasis

An increase in cardiac size and function due to increased workload is termed:

Hypertrophy

Which statement made by the patient newly diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus indicated a need for further teaching about the course and management of this

I will sunbathe as often as possible to ensure I get enough Vitamin D

Which of the following strategies can be employed to build a health immune system? Select all that apply

Increasing fluid intake, eating a well-balanced diet, spending time outdoors

The major disadvantage of passive immunization is that it:

Induces short-term protection

Treatment includes finding the underlying cause, increasing iron-rich food and vitamin C, supplements

Iron-deficiency anemia

Injury that occurs when blood flow is diminished to tissue is called?

Ischemic

Which of the following is indicative of hemolytic anemia?

Jaundice

What syndrome occurs in males when there is an extra X chromosome

Klinefelter's

What information should parent be given about the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Maintain a diet low in phenylalanine

Characterized by excessive numbers of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, causing bence jones protein in the urine

Multiple myeloma

What type of acquired immunity passes through the placenta during pregnancy; consumption of breast milk?

Natural passive

Infection agent, usually first response to infection

Neutrophil

Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus , lysosomes, and centrioles are all examples of:

Organelles

After suffering a heart attack, a middle-aged man is counseled to take a cholesterol-lowering medication. This is an example of:

Tertiary prevention

Which patient would you see first following report?

The 24-year old male with history of a peanut allergy having anaphulatic reaction

Metaplasia is

The replacement of one differentiated cell type with another

A decrease in platelets is called

Thrombocytopenia

A routine ultrasound of 38-year-old women of 26 weeks' gestation reveals a fetus with a small square head, upward slant of the eyed, and low set of ears. The nurse recognizes that these findings are consistent with which of the following? Also known as Down Syndrome.

Trisomy 21

True or False: HIV is the 7th leading cause of death in individuals 25 to 44 years of age in the United States.

True

True or False: The clinical manifestations if anemia are reflective of a decrease in oxygen in the blood

True

True or False: When thinking of chromosomal disorders (ie. Marfan, Tay-Sachs), the nurse knows that while there may be no cure, treatment can help relieve symptoms

True

A common abnormality in females, is a syndrome that results from an absence of one X chromosome.

Turner's

A 22-year old obese female patient comes into the clinic complaining of an ear ache and hearing loss in the right ear. Assessment reveals temperature of 101.2, low-set ears, a wide neck, and droopy eyelids. Patient reports a history of "kidney and heart problems" as well as "being born different." Based on these findings, what chromosomal disorder does this patient likely have?

Turner's syndrome

Lupus erythematosus is common connective tissue disease that is most frequently seen in:

Young women

Which is NOT on of the ways HIV is transmitted?

Airborne

Characteristics of X-linked recessive disorders include which of the following?

All daughters of affected fathers are carriers

During shift change, you receive report on the following patient. Who would you see first?

An 81 year old with thrombocytopenia and increased abdominal girth

Mary Ann, a 14 year old high school freshman, presents to her pediatrician's office with severe fatigue, swollen glands, and a low grade fever. Which blood test would be used to confirm her diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis?

An elevated total white blood cell count

A foreign agent that triggers the production of antibodies by the immune system

Antigen

Which of the terms below occurs because of decreased work demands on the cells?

Atrophy

Autoimmune diseases are caused by:

Autoantibodies

The function of lysosomes is to:

Breaks down particles or worn-out cellular components

Although skin manifestations may occur in numerous locations, the classic presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus includes:

Butterfly pattern rash on the face across the bridge of the nose

The nurse recognizes that which of the following is required for a diagnosis of AIDS?

CD4+ cell count of less than 200 cells/mm3

What is a deficit of all types of blood cells called?

Pancytopenia

Von Willebrand factor is directly involved in

Platelet adhesion and aggregation

A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of

Primary prevention

Are molecules that cause a systemic inflammatory response?

Pyrogens

What kind of gene is one that produces an effect only in the homozygous state

Recessive

An obese but otherwise healthy teen goes to a health fair and has her blood pressure checked. This is an example of

Secondary prevention

A chemotherapy patient has a hemoglobin of 7.0 g/dL. Which of the following complaints would be indicative of tissue hypoxia related to anemia?

Syncope

Cellular immunity is a defense approach that is mediated by the?

T-cells