Patho Miterm Quiz Questions

A patient has been exposed to COVID-19 but is not yet demonstrating signs of disease. This stage of illness is called the ___ stage. a. Convalescence b. Latent c. Prodromal d. Sequela

Latent

The organelle that contains enzymes necessary to produce ATP is the a. Mitochondria b. Nucleus c. Ribosome d. Lysosome

Mitochondria

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by a. Glucagon b. Norepinephrine c. Cortisol d. ACTH

Norepinephrine

Sickle cell anemia is most impacted by deficiencies with which of the following? a. Platelets b. Vitamins c. Red blood cell volume d. Oxygen

Oxygen

The extrinsic coagulation pathway is best assessed with which laboratory value(s)? a. PTT b. CBC (Complete Blood Count) c. PT/INR d. D-Dimer

PT/INR

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in a. Stress reduction b. Movement into the resistance stage c. Permanent damage and death d. Exhaustion of the sympathetic nervous system

Permanent damage and death

After experiencing a heart attack, a patient is instructed to take cholesterol lowering medication. This is an example of a. Disease treatment b. Primary prevention c. Secondary prevention d. Tertiary prevention

Tertiary prevention

A patient is diagnosed with an autosomal dominant bleeding disorder. Which of the following would fit into that category? a. Von Willebrand b. Hemophilia A c. Sickle Cell d. Thalassemia

Von Willebrand

Which of the following best describes the difference between an aneurysm and a dissection? a. Dissections involve a channel for blood flow between layers of the artery and aneurysms do not b. All types of aneurysm involve all 3 tunicae and dissections do not c. Only aneurysms can rupture and dissections cannot d. Aneurysms involve a channel for blood to flow between layers of the artery and dissections do not

A

Ion channels open and close in response to which of the following? Select all that apply. a. Ligand binding b. Voltage change c. Mechanical pressure d. Temperature changes

A,B,C

Secondary immune deficiency problems may be caused by which of the following? Select all that apply. a. Surgery b. Corticosteroids c. Low protein level d. High blood sugar e. Genetic disorders

A,B,C,D

Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (select all that apply) a. Hygiene b. Environmental toxins c. Overcrowding d. Nutrition e. Genetics

A,B,C,D

Which of the following stress-induced hormone increase blood glucose? (Select all that apply) a. Norepinephrine b. Cortisol c. Aldosterone d. Epinenphrine

A,B,D

Which of the following can be signs and/or symptoms of orthostatic hypotension? Select all that apply a. Syncope b. Confusion c. Bradycardia d. Dizziness e. Hypertension f. Tachycardia

A,B,D,F

Which of the following are potentially reversible cellular responses to injury? Select all that apply. a. Atrophy b. Necrosis c. Metaplasia d. Hyperplasia

A,C,D

Seyle's phases of the stress response include which of the following? (Select all that apply) a. Alarm b. Homeostasis c. Resistance d. Allostasis e. Exhaustion

A,C,E

Which disorder causes a patient's body to clot and bleed at the same time? a. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) b. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia c. Von Willebrand d. Immune thrombocytopenia

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A disease that is native to a particular location is called a. Pandemic b. Native c. Endemic d. Ethnographic

Endemic

The primary adaptive purpose of the substance produced in the alarm stage is a. Set a new baseline steady state b. Invoke a resting state c. Produce exhaustion d. Energy and repair

Energy and repair

Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These are called ___ proteins. a. HLA or MHC b. TCR or BCR c. Antibody receptor d. Complement

HLA or MHC

In a type-I hypersensitivity response, an important mediator is ____ and primary effector cells are ____. a. Complement, cytotoxic cells b. T cells, monocytes c. Histamine, mast cells d. Antigen-antibody complexes, neutrophils

Histamine, mast cells

An increase in organ size and function due to increased workload is termed a. Hyperplasia b. Hypertrophy c. Anaplasia d. Dysplasia

Hypertrophy

Which of the following is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis? a. Hypotension b. Smoking cigarettes c. Elevated cholesterol d. Obesity

Hypotension

The principle Ig mediator of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions is a. IgM b. IgG c. IgA d. IgE

IgE

The effects of excessive cortisol production include a. Anorexia b. Hypoglycemia c. Inflammatory reactions d. Immune suppression

Immune suppression

If systemic vascular resistance is increased, you can anticipate that will result in a. Increased fluid volume b. Decreased blood pressure c. Decreased fluid volume d. Increased blood pressure

Increased blood pressure

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress? a. Cortisol b. Insulin c. Norepinephrine d. Epinephrine

Insulin

The cellular response indicative of injury due to fault metabolism is a. Metaplasia b. Hydropic swelling c. Intracellular accumulation d. Lactate production

Intracellular accumulation

In this type of anemia, patients may have strange cravings such as the desire to eat dirt. a. G6PD b. Iron deficiency anemia c. Pernicious anemia d. Aplastic anemia

Iron deficiency anemia

After bronchoscopy and histologic examination of a suspected tumor, your patient is diagnosed with primary bronchial carcinoma. You know that the tumor a. Has spread b. Is secondary to cancer somewhere else in the body c. Is malignant d. Is benign

Is malignant

Chronic overactivation of adaptive regulatory physiological systems that increases susceptibility to disease is a. Homeostasis b. Allostasis c. Allostatic overload d. Coping

Allostatic overload

The cortisol effect on protein metabolism is ____ in the liver and ____ in muscle and other tissues a. Anabolic, catabolic b. Anabolic, anabolic c. Catabolic, catabolic d. Catabolic, anabolic

Anabolic, catabolic

___ is an ATP-requiring process that results in cellular death a. Apoptosis b. Necrosis c. Neoplasia d. Metastasis

Apoptosis

A 60 year old male presents to the emergency department with a critically elevated blood pressure. He is dizzy, confused, and his lab shows evidence of kidney damage. What can you anticipate about the care of this patient? a. This patient is in hypertensive crisis and will receive oral medications to lower blood pressure b. This patient is in a hypertensive crisis and will receive intravenous medications to lower blood pressure c. This patient has hypertensive urgency and no medications are needed to lower blood pressure d. This patient has hypertensive urgency and will receive oral medications to lower blood pressure

B

Dramatic hypotension (low blood pressure) sometimes accompanies type 1 hypersensitivity reactions because a. Anaphylaxis results in large volume losses secondary to sweating b. Massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation c. Hypoxia resulting from bronchoconstriction impairs cardiac function d. Toxins released into the blood interfere with cardiac function

B

The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called ___ and it is found primarily in ____ leukemia a. ARA-c, acute myelogenous b. Bcr-abl, chronic myelogenous c. P53, acute lymphocytic d. Rb, chronic lymphocytic

B

Which of the following could manifest from an arterial obstruction? a. Swelling in the affected limb b. Pain with activity in the affected limb c. Skin is warm to touch d. Redness in the affected limb

B

Which of the following could you anticipate seeing in a patient with aplastic anemia? a. Decreased RBC, Elevated WBC, Decreased Platelets b. Decreased RBC, Decreased WBC, Decreased Platelets c. Decreased RBC, Decreased WBC, Elevated Platelets d. Decreased RBC, Elevated WBC, Elevated Platelets

B

Which of the following statements about the extrinsic or intrinsic pathway is TRUE? a. The intrinsic pathway is associated with endothelial injury and the release of tissue factor b. The extrinsic pathway is associated with injury to the tissues and tissue factor is released c. The intrinsic pathway is associated with injury to the tissues and tissue factor is released d. The extrinsic pathway is associated with endothelial injury and the release of collagen

B

Passive immunity is provided by which of the following? Select all that apply. a. Active infections b. Injection of human immune globulin c. Transfer of performed human antibodies d. Injection with preformed animal antibodies e. Vaccines

B,C,D

Which of the following are potentially physical manifestations of anemia? Select all that apply a. Bradycardia b. Tinnitus c. Lightheadedness d. Fatigue e. Tachycardia f. Bradypnea

B,C,D,E

Allostasis is best defined as a. The process by which the body heals following disease b. Steady-state c. The overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being d. A state of equilibrium, of balance within the organism

C

Which clinical finding is most indicative of an acute bacterial infection? a. Elevated WBC count b. Elevated temperature c. Increased (bands) neutrophils d. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate

C

Which of the following is true about proto-oncogenes? a. They lead to abnormal tumor suppressor genes b. They are the same as oncogenes c. They are normal cellular genes that promote growth d. They result from severe mutational events

C

Which of the following anemias will exhibit decreased MCV (mean corpuscular volume)? Select all that apply a. Pernicious anemia b. Sickle cell anemia c. Iron deficiency anemia d. Thalassemia

C,D

A patient with liver failure is at risk for impaired production of: a. Clotting factors b. Red Blood Cells c. Erythropoietin d. Platelets

Clotting factors

Antigen presenting cells function to do which of the following? a. Stimulate cytokine production by macrophages b. Phagocytose and degrade foreign antigens c. Initiate the complement cascade by way of the alternative pathway d. Display foreign antigen on their cell surfaces bound to MHC

D

The biggest concern in relation to a peripheral venous thrombus is a. Causing redness to the extremity b. Causing edema to the extremity c. That it could lead to an arterial occlusion d. Dislodging to travel to the lungs

D

Which of the following is an example of primary prevention? a. Monthly breast examinations b. Colonoscopy for cancer screening c. Cardiac rehab after a heart attack d. Education about healthy diet and regular physical exercise

D

The mononuclear phagocyte system consists of which of the following? Select all that apply. a. Bone marrow stem cells b. Basophils c. Antibody-secreting plasma cells d. Dendritic cells e. Monocytes and tissue macrophages

D,E

Cells develop specialized functions through the process of a. Diffusion b. Anaerobic glycolysis c. Differentiation d. Transcription

Differentiation

Which of the following is an example of the clinical manifestations known as a sign? a. Neck pain b. Dislocated elbow c. Nausea d. Double vision (diplopia)

Dislocated elbow

A patient is found to have tiny spots on the skin of his upper legs that are not raised and do not pale with pressure. Which term should the nurse use to document this finding? a. Purpura b. Ecchymosis c. Petechiae d. Epistaxis

Petechiae

All of the following are manifestations of end organ damage potentially associated with hypertension EXCEPT a. Stroke b. Polycystic Kidney Disease c. Heart Failure d. Kidney Failure

Polycystic Kidney Disease

A 17-year-old college bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of a. Secondary prevention b. Prophylaxis c. Primary prevention d. Tertiary prevention

Primary prevention

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all of the following EXCEPT a. Tachycardia (increased heart rate) b. Diaphoresis (sweating) c. Increased blood pressure d. Pupil constriction

Pupil constriction

Your patient was recently exposed to a group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal (throat) infection. You examine him and note a temperature of 102.3°F, a skin rash, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and a reddened throat with multiple white pustules. He complains of a sore throat, body aches, and joint stiffness. The throat culture is positive for Streptococcus and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of your patient's illness is a. Sore Throat b. Streptococcal infection c. Genetic susceptibility d. Pharyngitis

Streptococcal infection

The stage during which the patient functions normally even though the disease processes are well established is called a. Subclinical b. Latent c. Convalescence d. Prodromal

Subclinical

You stood up very quickly. The short term blood pressure management process your body uses to quickly mange fluctuations in blood pressure is a. Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) b. Parasympathetic Nervous System c. Placeholder d. RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

Ribosomes are very important organelles within the cell that have the function of a. Synthesizing proteins b. Coding for protein synthesis c. Converting energy to forms that can be used d. Detoxifying substances

Synthesizing proteins