Pathology chap5
Which of the following is strongly correlated with esophageal carcinoma?
(1) Excessive alcohol intake (2) Smoking
Which of the following is one of the most typical forms of primary colon cancer?
Annular
Which of the following is a major cause of bowel obstruction in children?
Intussusception
Where is the most common location of gastric ulcers?
Lesser curvature
What is intussusception?
The telescoping of one part of the intestinal tract into another
Dilated veins in the walls of the esophagus are termed:
Varices
Which of the following are complications of peptic ulcer disease?
(1) Hemorrhage (2) Obstruction (3) Perforation
A common disorder of intestinal motor activity in which fluid and gas do not progress normally through an unobstructed bowel is called
Adynamic ileus
Refer to the image. This disorder is caused by a loss of bowel motility. What disorder is demonstrated in this abdominal radiograph?
Adynamic ileus
What is a common complication of cirrhosis?
Ascites
Which of the following is a serious complication of TE fistula?
Aspiration pneumonia
What condition is associated with severe reflux esophagitis?
Barrett's esophagus
Which of the following is an emulsifier that aids in the breakdown of fats during digestion?
Bile
What is the modality of choice to image hepatocellular carcinoma?
CT
Which imaging modality is the gold standard for appendicitis?
CT
Which imaging modality is the most effective for detection of carcinoma of the pancreas?
CT
Which imaging modality is used to stage esophageal carcinoma?
CT
Which imaging modality is used to stage gastric carcinoma?
CT
Which organisms are most often responsible for infectious esophagitis?
Candida fungus and herpesvirus
What is mastication?
Chewing
Progressive shortening and rigidity of the colon and absent haustral patterns are radiographic evidence of:
Chronic ulcerative colitis
What is esophageal atresia?
Congenital condition in which the esophagus ends in a blind pouch
A chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause that often affects the terminal ileum is called
Crohn's disease
Which of the following technical adjustments are required when imaging a patient with known obstruction of the large bowel?
Decrease in kVp
A condition of acquired herniations of mucosa and submucosa through muscular layers at points of weaknesses of the bowel wall is known as:
Diverticulosis
Refer to the image below. This typical saw-tooth configuration demonstrated on a barium enema exam is evidence of:
Diverticulosis
Which imaging procedure is used to demonstrate dilated veins in the walls of the esophagus?
Double-contrast barium swallow
Which imaging procedure is used to detect esophageal carcinoma?
Double-contrast barium swallow
What is the most common manifestation of peptic ulcer disease?
Duodenal ulcer
Where does the greatest amount of digestion occur?
Duodenum
Difficulty swallowing is termed:
Dysphagia
Which type of diverticula arises in the distal 10 cm of the esophagus?
Epiphrenic
What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?
Excessive alcohol consumption
The most common cause of a mechanical small bowel obstruction is
Fibrous adhesions
A pear-shaped organ that lies on the under surface of the liver is the
Gallbladder
What is the most common cause of acute esophagitis?
Gastroesophageal reflux
Varicose veins of the lower end of the rectum that cause symptoms of pain, itching, and bleeding are:
Hemorrhoids
What increases the likelihood of reflux esophagitis?
Hiatal hernia
What is the most common abnormality found on upper GI exams?
Hiatal hernia
What is the primary cause of acute cholecystitis?
Impacted gallstone in the cystic duct
Where in the colon do most primary cancers arise?
In preexisting polyps
Which of the following is appropriate when imaging a patient with known liver cirrhosis complicated by ascites?
Increase in kVp
Which of the following is associated with prior cardiovascular disease?
Ischemic colitis
The _____ is the largest gland in the body.
Liver
Acquired tracheoesophageal (TE) fistulas are commonly caused by:
Malignancy in the mediastinum
An increase in glucose in the blood stimulates the beta cells in the _____ to secrete _____.
Pancreas; insulin
What is the most common cause of acute gastrointestinal bleeding?
Peptic ulcer disease
Smooth muscle contractions that move the contents of the digestive system along the GI tract are called:
Peristalsis
Which of the following is a sign of perforation of the GI tract?
Pneumoperitoneum
What condition results from chronic cholecystitis in which the gallbladder becomes fibrotic and calcified?
Porcelain gallbladder
What is the most common cause of dilated veins in the walls of the esophagus?
Portal hypertension
What is one of the most common causes of obstruction in the large bowel?
Primary colon cancer
Which imaging modality is the preferred method for the detection of pyloric stenosis?
Radiography
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Store and concentrate bile
Deglutition is defined as:
Swallowing
Refer to the image. This esophageal pathologic condition is described as resembling beads on a rosary. What pathologic condition is evident in this image?
Varices
A twisting of the bowel on itself that may lead to obstruction is termed
Volvulus
Which type of diverticula arises from the posterior wall of the cervical esophagus?
Zenker's
Perforation of the esophagus may be a complication of all of the following
a. Neoplasm b. Instrumentation c. Peptic ulcer
Pyloric stenosis usually results in
obstruction that prevents food from entering the duodenum
In which age group is appendicitis more common?
Children and adolescents
Which type of gallstone is more prevalent in the United States?
Cholesterol
Hepatocellular carcinoma most commonly occurs in patients with:
Diffuse hepatocellular disease
Where in the stomach do most gastric cancers occur?
Distal stomach
32. Refer to the image. What esophageal pathologic condition is demonstrated?(page:165)
Esophageal diverticulum
Where does the process of digestion begin?
Mouth
Which of the following is an ominous complication of ulcerative colitis?
Toxic megacolon
Failure of a satisfactory esophageal lumen to develop separate from the trachea is termed
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Which type of esophageal diverticula contains all layers of the wall?
Traction
The most common type of congenital TE fistula is
Type III
What is the current imaging modality of choice for the gallbladder?
Ultrasound
Which of the following are digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas?
a. Trypsin b. Chymotrypsin