Pathophysiology Chapter 20

peripheral pooling of blood.

Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is due to

systemic vascular resistance.

Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in

high cardiac output.

In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with

Class II, Compensated Stage

In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 ml of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing?

cardiogenic

Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock.

Anaphylactic

Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

Septic

Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock?

reduced cardiac output.

Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

a systemic inflammatory response to infection.

Sepsis has been recently redefined as

Septic

A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?

obstructive

A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock.

septic

A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shock.

decrease left ventricular afterload.

Administration of a vasodilator to a patient in shock would be expected to

baroreceptor activity.

Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of

vasodilation.

The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is

antibiotics.

The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with

tachycardia.

The progressive stage of hypovolemic shock is characterized by

nitric oxide.

Tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of

Crystalloids

Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock?