Peds test 1

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about when introducing new foods to the guardians of a 4-month-old infant. The nurse should recommend that the caregiver introduce which of the following foods first?

Iron-fortified cereals

An infant presents to the urgent care clinic with tachycardia, no tears, sunken fontanels, and a serum sodium level of 139 mEq/L. Which type of dehydration is mostly likely occurring?

Isotonic dehydration

A young child hospitalized with nephrotic syndrome adequate nutrition. The nurse has needs to consume orders for which type of diet?

Low-sodium, high-protein

To help prevent diarrhea for a child taking oral antibiotics, what should the nurse expect to also give?

Macrobiotic granules

A young child presents to the emergency department with moderate dehydration associated with 5 days vomiting. Clinical signs and symptoms of which condition would the nurse expect to see?

Metabolic alkalosis

A 7-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital for increasing lower-right quadrant abdominal pain with an admitting diagnosis of suspected appendicitis. Although her admission pain score was rated as a 9 to 10 on a numerical scale, she suddenly says her pain has subsided. What should the nurse's next action be?

Anticipate immediate surgery

An infant returns from surgery to correct Hirschsprung's Disease, Which intervention should the nurse avoid?

Assessing the temperature rectally

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about dental care and teething to the caregiver of a 9-month-old infant. Which of the following statements by the caregiver suggests an understanding of the teaching?

"I should clean my baby's teeth with a cool, wet wash cloth."

While assessing an infant's anthropometric measurements, the nurse finds that the infant's weight has increased from 7.2 pounds at birth to 21.9 pounds. This finding typically represents that the infant is at what approximate age?

At 12 months

Language Development Stages

Crying is first form of communication > Cry for 1 to 1.5 hours each day up to 3 weeks and builds to 2-4 hours by 6 weeks > Crying decreases by 12 weeks > Makes single vowel sounds by 2 months Vocal sounds with cooing 3-4 months > Shows interest in environment at 3 months > Turns head to the sound of a rattle by 3 months > Laughs and squeals by 4 months > By 9 months understands the word 'no' and obeys single commands accompanied by gestures Begins to two words phrases > Says 3-5 word phrases by 1 year

A nurse is caring for a school-aged child with FTT associated with cystic fibrosis who requires nasogastric feedings. How might the nurse safely check for the correct placement of the NGT before initiating the child's first nutritional feeding? (Select all that apply.)

-Aspiration of stomach contents -Sound of air passing in the stomach via 5 cc of air through the tube -Placement of the end of a tube in a cup of water showing bubbling -Radiography

A nurse is collecting data during a developmental screening on a 10-month-old infant. Which of the following fine motor skills should the nurse expect the infant to perform? (Select all that apply)

-Grasp a rattle by the hand -Use a crude pincer grasp

A nurse is collecting data during a well-baby visit with a 4-month-old infant. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse plan to administer to the infant? (Select all that apply.)

-Polio (IPV) -Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) -Rotavirus vaccine (RV)

Which symptoms are indicative of pyloric stenosis? (Select all that apply.)

-Projectile vomiting -FTT

Clinical findings associated with moderate dehydration demonstrate the severity of a child's condition. Which findings denote moderate dehydration? (Select all that apply.)

-Rapid pulse -Dry mucous membranes -Moderate thirst

Which immunization(s) would be given to a 4-month- old infant? (Select all that apply.)

-Rotavirus vaccine -Hib vaccine -Polio vaccine (IVP) -PCV -DTAP

While reinforcing a teaching session between the nutritionist and a mother of a 5-month-old infant who has stopped breastfeeding, you explain that the maternal iron stores are present in the infant's body until what time frame?

6 months of age

Glomerulonephritis is marked by the deposition of immune complexes in the tiny tubules of the kidney. Which situation would contribute to the development of this disease?

A 3-year-old child, just entering preschool, with high fevers

A nurse is assisting with collecting data from 12-month-old infant during a well- child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

Birth weight doubled

Health Promotion Immunizations

Birth: Hepatitis B (Hep B) 2 months: Hep B, Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis (DTAP), rotavirus vaccine (RV), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib), pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) 4 months: DTAP, RV, IPV, Hib, PCV 6 months: Hep B, DTAP, RV, IPV, Hib, PCV and Influenza (Flu)

While helping a family make menu choices for their child with a new diagnosis of celiac disease, which food choices would the nurse support them ordering?

Corn tortillas with melted cheese and a fruit salad

While assessing an infant with moderate dehydration demonstrating a 10% body-weight loss, what would the nurse expect to find?

Decreased urine output

When administering medications to an infant in the hospital, the best way to ensure medication administration accuracy and safety is to:

Double-check all medications and calculations with a second nurse

A teenager admitted with acute kidney injury is depressed and angry over her condition. The nurse spends time with the teen, reinforcing the need for continued social interactions and family support. Which activity would be best for this child?

Interacting on social media on a laptop in her room

Which food should the nurse teach the parents to introduce to their infant's diet first?

Iron-fortified cereal

When reviewing the laboratory findings for a child hospitalized for a third relapse of nephrotic syndrome, which laboratory results would be expected?

Hypoalbuminemia and proteinuria

Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance

In children younger than 2 years of age, surface area is important because more water is lost through the skin than through the kidneys. > Metabolic rate and heat production are also two to three times greater in infants per kilogram of body weight. > Produces more waste products, which must be diluted to be excreted Stimulates respirations, which increase evaporation through the lungs Greater percentage of body water in children younger than 2 years is contained in extracellular compartment

physical development in adolescence

Newborns lose up to 10% of their birth weight by 3-4 days of age. > Posterior fontanel closed by 6-8 weeks of age. > Anterior fontanel closes by 12-18 months of age. Infant growth is tracked using weight, length and circumference. > Infant usually gains 1.5 pounds per month > Weight double by 6 months > Weight triples by 12 months

A newborn has been diagnosed with undescended testes. What information does the health-care team need to communicate to the parents at this time?

No interventions are conducted at this time, and the child will be reassessed at 1 year.

Which of the following signs would be expected in a young diapered toddler with an intestinal parasite?

Persistent anal itching

All of these represent ways to communicate with infants except:

Providing simple conversations that encourage autonomy

A child is admitted to the hospital with intussusception. What form and color of stool did the parents report their child having?

Scant stool appearing like red jelly

While teaching a course for expecting fathers, the nurse emphasizes that, according to Erikson's theory, the infant needs a sense of:

Trust

While assisting an RN to assess a 4-month-old during a clinical rotation, the nursing student is asked to explain which psychosocial stage the infant is expected to accomplish during the first year of life. Which response by the student is correct?

Trust versus mistrust

A teenage boy is brought into the hospital in severe pain to be tested for testicular torsion. He had been working out in the weight room at his highschool. The parents express concern about their son's ability to be fertile after the procedure. What is the best explanation for the health-care team to give the parents?

With prompt surgical correction, the teen should be fertile.