Period 4: Formative Multiple-Choice Questions (APUSH)

Opposition to the proposed American System of internal improvements was a result of.. A. regional interests overriding national concerns B. fears that improved transportation would lead to more western migration C. large federal budget deficits undermining the needed funding D. Supreme Court decisions questioning its constitutionality.

A. regional interest overriding national concerns Explanation: Those who opposed the American System of internal improvements generally did so because they prioritized regional interests over national ones. Southerners, who objected to the high tariffs that funded internal improvements, were some of the American System's major opponents.

Which of the following was NOT an example of Manifest Destiny? A. The annexation of Texas B. Attempts to purchase California C. Negotiations over the Oergon border D. Demilitarizing the Great Lakes

D. Demilitarizing the Great Lakes Explanation: Demilitarizing the Great Lakes was not an example of Manifest Destiny. The Great Lakes were demilitarized by the Rush-Bagot Treaty after the War of 1812. The event did not increase American land claims.

Which of the following early American political parties most vocally championed the "common man," welcomed immigrants, and benefitted from the expansion of voting rights to most white males? A. Federalists B. Democratic-Republicans C. Whigs D. Democrats

D. Democrats Explanation: Emerged in the mid-1830s alongside Andrew Jackson, championed the "common man," welcomed immigrants, and benefitted from the expansion of voting rights to most white males.

The above account best represents a departure from which of the following beliefs about the role of women in the early nineteenth century? A. Prevalence of the concept of "Republican Motherhood" B. Aspirations of women to become "career" women C. Aspiration of women to become "visible saints" D. Prevalence of the concept of "the cult of domesticity"

D. Prevalence of the concept of "the cult of domesticity"

Which of the following connected the Great Lakes to the East Coast and fueled the economic rise of New York City? A. The transcontinental railroad B. The National Road C. The Cumberland Gap D. The Erie Canal

D. The Erie Canal Explanation: The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, connected the East Coast to the great Lakes via the Hudson River and Lake Erie. The canal fostered a population surge in western New York state, opened regions further west to white settlement, and fieled the economic growth of New York City, making it the chief U.S. Port

One impact of the widespread cultivation of cotton and other cash crops in the South was the.. A. creation of a more economically and socially egaliarian society in the South. B. increasing economic isolation of the South from the rest of the country. C. rapid growth of textile mills and other manufacturing throughout the South. D. increased political power the South was able to wield in Congress.

D. increased political power the South was able to wield in Congress. Explanation: The widespread cultivation of cotton and other cash crops in the South led Southerners to migrate into the Southwest in the early and mid-19th century. The increasing number of slave states meant that the South gained political power in Congress.

The above account best reflects what growing reform sentiment during the period 1820 to 1848? A. Belief in the perfectibility of man B. Commitment to egalitarianism C. Acceptance of transcendental philosophy D. Commitment to the philosophy of predestination

A. Belief in the perfectibility of man

The original mill girls mentioned above were subsequently replaced by which of the following groups? A. Immigrant women B. Native-born children C. Retired farmers D. Immigrant children

A. Immigrant women

In a famous 1837 speech, South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun defended slavery as a.. A. "necessary evil." B. "military necessity." C. "national birthright." D. "positive good."

D. "positive good." Explanation: In an 1837 speech before the U.S. Senate, South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun defended slavery as a positive good. Unlike others who characterized slavery as a necessary evil. Calhoun argued that the institution served to civilize and nurture African Americans who could not take care of themselves.

Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the above decision? A. Western farmers B. Jacksonian Democrats C. Know-Nothings D. Former Federalists

D. Former Federalists

Who was the famous black abolitionist who wrote an autobiography of his/her former life as a slave? A. Frederick Douglass B. Sojourner Truth C. Richard Allen D. David Walker

A. Frederick Douglass Explanation: Frederick Douglass was a former slave who became a famous aboloitionist. He wrote an autobiography that was influential in its support for abolition.

Which of the following Supreme Court cases is correctly identified? A. Marbury v. Madison - established the principle of judicial review. B. McCulloch v. Maryland - upheld the sanctity of private contracts. C. Worcester v. Georgia - ruled that states cannot tax the federal government. D. Dartmouth v. Woodward - established tribal autonomy of Indian lands.

A. Marbury V. Madison Explanation: The Supreme Court made its landmark Marbury v. Madison ruling in 1803. This decision, which disallowed a law on the grounds that it was unconstitutional, established the principle of judicial review.

Antebellum Era reform movements such as abolitionism, temperance, and women's rights had their origins in all of the following EXCEPT.. A. Monroe Doctrine B. Second Great Awakening C. beliefs in human perfectibility D. liberal European social ideas

A. Monroe Doctrine Explanation: None of the antebellum-era reform movements had their origins in the Monroe Doctrine. President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 to prevent European nations from pursuing further efforts to create colonies in the Western Hemisphere.

Which of the following correctly characterized the War of 1812? A. The United States was able to reassert sovereignty over its existing western lands and remove Britain's military presence. B. Broad popular support for the war effort temporarily eased sectional divisions over slavery and economic policy. C. The United States won a decisive victory against the British and gained valuable new land on the frontier as a result. D. Federalist support for the war reinvigorated the party and allowed it to thrive for another 20 years

A. The United States was able to reassert sovereignty over its existing western lands and remove Britain's military presence. Explanation: The War of 1812 allowed the United States to reassert soverignty over its existing western lands and remove Britain's military presence from North America. The war made it possible for Republicans to pursue wertern expansion. internal improvements, and new economic markets.

The growth and profitability of Southern cotton did all the following EXCEPT.. A. catapult the wealth of the average Southern white above most Northerners. B. provide the raw material for manufacturing in New England. C. accelerate the internal movement of slaves from the Southeast to the Southwest. D. promote national and international economic ties.

A. catapult the wealth of the average Southern white above most Northerners. Explanation: The growth and profitability of Southern cotton agriculture did not catapult the wealth of the average Southern white above most Northerners. The wealth produced by cotton production was unevenly distributed, with large cotton growers reaping most of the benefits. The average income of white Northerners remained much higher than that of most Southern whites.

The increase of slavery in the new Southwest during the antebellum era.. A. created new tensions over the spread of slavery. B. was firmly opposed by both major political parties. C. led to the resumption of importing slaves from Africa. D. decreased the market value of cotton and slaves in the East.

A. created new tensions over the spread of slavery. Explanation: The expansion and increase of slcaery in the new Southwest during the antebellum era created new tensions over the spread of slavery into the American territories in the 1850s. These tensions ultimately precipitated the Civil War.

The Indian Removal Act of 1830.. A. led to the infamous Trail of Tears. B. was upheld in Cherokee v. Georgia. C. paid Indian tribes market rates for their confiscated lands. D. was passed over President Jackson's angry veto.

A. led to the infamous Trail of Tears. Explanation: Despite the Supreme Court's ruling in the Worcester v. Georgia, the Indian Removal Act resulted in the Trail of Tears durng which Cherokees were forced on a 1,200 mile journey west. Nearly one-quarter of the Cherokees died en route from the hardship.

Which statement best describes the state of American art and literature in the early 1800s? A. It was widely respected and fashionable in Europe. B. it blended European styles with regional American tastes. C. It was highly original and creative and critically well recieved. D. It was virtually nonexistent since most Americans were illiterate.

B. It blended European styles with regional American tastes. Explanation: American art and literature expanded in the early 19th century, but these forms continued to blend European styles with regional American tastes.

Which person or group most strongly advocated sending enslaved blacks to Africa as an answer to the problem of slavery? A. Fredrick Douglass B. The American Colonization Society (ACS) C. William Lloyd Garrison D. The Free-Soil Party

B. The American Colonzational Society (ACS) Explanation: The ACS, established in 1817, was the primary organization that advocated the return of African Americans to Africa.

Which of the following movements, glorifying women's role as homemakers, resulted in part from the increasing separation between home and the workplace brought on by industrialization? A. Republican Motherhood B. The Cult of Domesticity C. The Gibson Girls D. Bloomerism

B. The Cult of Domesticity Explanation: The Cult of Domesticity was a cultural ideology that emered alongside industrialization; it glorified women's role as homemakers and encouraged an increasing sepatation between home and the workplace.

Which of the following was NOT a result of antebellum technological innovations such as textile machinery, the steam engine, the telegraph, and the use of interchangeable parts? A. The expanded size and scope of domestic markets B. The heightened isolation of rural Americans C. Increased industrial output and worker productivity D. A revolution in farming and agriculture

B. The heightened isolation of rural Americans. Explanation: The technological innovations of the antebellum era led to increased industrial output but did not heighten the isolation of rural Americans. The U.S. remained a primarily agricultural nation, and rural communities did not shrink significantly.

Which of the following developments LEAST strengthened the increasing economic linkage of the North and the Midwest during the antebellum era? A. The growth of canals and railroads B. The spread of plantation agriculture C. The federal attempts to create a national economy D. The shift to market production

B. The spread of plantation agriculture Explanation: The spread of plantation agriculture took place in the South and facilitated economic linkages between the Southeast and the Southwest. It did not play a significant role in the increasing economic connections between the North and the Midwest.

What did the Hartford Convention, the nullification crisis, and some Marshall Court decisions all have in common? A. They all dealt with the contentious issue of the extension of slavery into the Louisiana Purchase territory or the Mexican cession. B. They illustrated attempts by the federal government to assert greater control over the states and the resistance those atempts created. C. They all resulted from political compromises between the federal government and the affected states involved. D. They all demonstrated the nativist backlash against German and Irish immigrants who were coming in record numbers to America.

B. They illustrated attempts by the federal government to assert greater control over the states and the resistance those atempts created. Explanation: The Hartford Convention, the nullification crisis, and some of the Marshall Court's decisions emerged out of situations in which of the federal government's attempts to assert greater control over the states led to resistance. New England Federalists organized the Hartford Convention to address its concerns about the War Hawks' power to lead the U.S. government into the War of 1812; South Carolina politicians put forth the doctrine of nulification to resist the Tariff of 1828; and the decisions of the Marshall Court addressed cases that emerged when states resisted federal supremacy.

The above decision reflected which of the following tendencies of the early Supreme Court? A. To side with big business over labor B. To favor national over state power C. To uphold the sanctity of contract D. To look unfactorably on the institution of slavery

B. To favor national over state power

Reform movements concerned with all of the following emerged in the same time period EXCEPT.. A. women's rights B. environmental preservation C. temperance D. public education

B. environmental preservation

The following were components of the American System that Henry Clay envisioned EXCEPT.. A. federally funded internal improvements. B. government ownership of railroads. C. a second Bank of the United States. D. tariffs to protect infant industries.

B. government ownership of railroads.

The most divisive issue in regards to western expansion during the antebellum era was.. A. the removal of Indians. B. the extension of slavery. C. free homesteads for settlers. D. property qualifications for voting.

B. the extension of slavery. Explanation: The most divisive issue related to western expansion in the antebellum era was he extension of slavery. Southerners were committed to the extension of slavery into the U.S. territories gained as a result of the Mexican-American War, and most Northerners objected to the extension of slavery.

By 1848, which component of the American System was still used to benefit business? A. A third Bank of the United States B. Providing business with free raw materials from government-owned land C. A protective tariff D. The elimination of corporate income taxes

C. A protective tariff

Which of the following treaties is correctly matched with its description? A. Jay's Treaty - Ended the War of 1812 B. Treaty of Ghent - Settled boundary disputes with Canada C. Adams-Onis Treay - Aquired Florida from Spain D. Webster-Ashburton Treaty - ended the Quasi-War with France

C. Adams-Onis Treaty - Aquired Flordia from Spain Explanation: The Adams-Onis Treaty, negotiated in 1819, settled a standing border dispute between the United States and Spain. The United States acquired Florida and set a new boundary between the United States and New Spain in the west.

During the 1840s and 1850s, which set of immigrant groups arrived in unprecedented numbers, resulting in a nativist backlash in popular culture? A. Scots-Irish and Welsh B. Dutch and French C. Irish and German D. Italians and Greeks

C. Irish and German Explanation: Irish and German immigrants arrived in the United States in unprecedented numbers in the 1840s and 1850s. Their religious affilitations, cultural practices, and concentration in urban areas sparked a nativist backlash in American poplar culture.

Which of the following statements best describes the Lowell System? A. It revolutionized the production of steel in the U.S. B. It was so successful that is was eventually adopted throughout the U.S. and England. C. It involved using mill girls from rural areas to work in textile factories. D. It relied exclusively on cheap immigrant labor to undercut competitors.

C. It involved using mill girls from rural areas to work in textile factories. Explanation: The Lowell system depended on the labor of arm girls from rural areas who left their families to work in the textile factories. The young women generally worked for a few years before they married and had families of their own.

Which of the following was NOT true about the 1820 missouri Compromise? A. It allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state and Missouri to enter as a slave state. B. It barred slavery north of the 36*30' line in future states from the Louisiana Purchase territory. C. It successfully kept the issue of slavery from becoming a national debate until just a few years before the Civil War. D. It temporarily settled the issue of slavery but was eventually weakened and ultimately overturned.

C. It successfully kept the issue of slavery from becoming a national debate until just a few years before the Civil War. Explanation: The Missouri Compromise of 1820 addressed the divisive issue of slavery effectively enough that it remained submerged for the next 30 years. It was not until after the nation acquired new territory from the Mexican-American War in 1848 that slavery again emerged as an incredibly divisive political issue.

Which of the following best describes the Monroe Doctrine? A. It was a treaty with England in which of the British promised to confine all of their future colonization to the Eastern Hemisphere. B. It was an attempt to relocate American Indian tribes on the Great Plains to reservations and begin the process of cultural assimilation. C. It was an American pronouncement to European countries not to interfere with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere. D. It was an economic policy by President Monroe to revive the American economy by lowering tariffs and promoting manufacturing.

C. It was an American pronouncement to European countries not to interfere with independent nations in the Western Hemisphere. Explanation: James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 to prevent European nations from pursuing further efforts to create colonies in the Western Hemisphere. He proclaimed that that United States would respond to any European intervention in the Western Hemisphere as an act of aggression.

Strive for a 5 - period 4 questions The above quotation most focuses on which of the following debates that characterized the new republic? A. The extension of slavery into the territories B. The formation of a national currency C. Loose versus strict interpretation of the Constitution D. The application of the Bill of Rights to states

C. Loose versus strict interpretation of the Constitution

During the period 1800 to 1848, reform movements were most successful in archieving their goals in which of the following? A. The granting of women's suffrage through the Nineteenth Amendment B. Prohibition established through the Eighteenth Amendment C. State laws focusing on improved public education D. Establishment of federal standard for minimum wage and maximum hours

C. State laws focusing on improved public education

In which of the following areas were political debates LEAST affected by regional and sectional differences in the first half of the 19th century? A. Tariff rates B. Internal improvements C. The expansion of white male suffrage D. Foreign affairs

C. The expansion of white male suffrage Explanation: The expansion of white male suffrage did not spark political debates that reflected sectional differences in the first half of the 19th century. Although not everyone agreed that the expansion of democracy was wise, the disagreements did not break down along sectional lines.

What did the forced relocation of American Indians and the internal slave trade both have in common? A. They were in direct violation of specific Supreme Court rulings. B. Most Northern migrants to the frontier were firmly opposed to each. C. They were driven by efforts to exploit the nation's natural resources. D. Most Whigs strongly supported both, while most Democrats strongly opposed both.

C. They were driven by efforts to exploit the nation's natural resources. Explanation: Both Indian removal and the domestic slave trade where driven by efforts to exploit the nation's natural resources. Indian removal permitted white Americans to move onto Indian land, which was well suited to cotton agriculture. The domestic slave trade also made the expansion of cotton cultivation possible.

Early industry began in the Northeast for all of the following reasons EXCEPT.. A. Swift-flowing streams that provided a good source of power. B. a relatively high population density to supply both labor and markets. C. a highly skilled labor force as a result of the apprenticeship system. D. an efficient mean of transportation provided by good natural harbors.

C. a highly skilled labor force as a result of the apprenticeship system.

The system that Henry Clay describes above was designed to create.. A. government ownership of that means of production. B. a foreign trade system that favored Great Britain over France. C. a national market economy. D. dominance of state government over the national government.

C. a national market economy.

The majority of Irish immigrants to the United States in the 1840s and 1850s settled.. A. along the Great Lakes region B. on farms in the Midwest C. in cities along the east coast D. on homesteads on the frontier

C. in cities along the east coast Explanation: Most Irish immigrants to the United States in the 1840s and 1850s settled in cities along the east coast, such as Boston and New York, Irish immigrants tended to be poor and unable to afford further transportation once they arrived in coastal cities.

American Indians, women, and religious followers had which of the following in common during the antebellum era? A. They faced limited economic opportunities and mostly worked for low wages. B. They were often blamed for social problems and overtly discriminated against. C. They developed unique cultures reflecting their interests and experiences. D. They successfully gained greater political rights and representation.

C. they developed unique cultures reflecting their interests and experiences. Explanation: In the antebellum era, American Indians, women, and religious followers each developed unique cultures that reflected their interests and experiences.

All of the folliowing are true of the Tariff of 1828 EXCEPT it.. A. was viewed as an "abomination" by many Southerners. B. demonstrated the growing differences between the North and South. C. was ultimately ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. D. created a crisis that almost led to a civil war.

C. was ultimately ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Explanation: The U.S. Supreme Court never ruled the Tariff of 1828 unconstitutional.