Period 5 AP Classroom

Members of the American (Know-Nothing) Party of the 1850s typically supported

restrictions on Catholics' holding public office

"We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep. . . . The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right." George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857 The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that

slaves lived better than northern factory workers

After the Civil War, women reformers and former abolitionists were divided over

legislation that ensured the voting rights of African American males

Which of the following would most likely have opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A New England abolitionist

Which of the following was a consequence of the shift to sharecropping and the crop lien system in the late nineteenth-century South?

A cycle of debt and depression for Southern tenant farmers

During Reconstruction, which of following was a change that took place in the South?

African Americans were able to exercise political rights.

In the late nineteenth century, state governments in the South were largely successful in restricting

African Americans' voting rights guaranteed by the Fifteenth Amendment

Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to modify Foner's main argument in the second excerpt?

After 1877 Democrats in the South legislated restrictions on the ability of African Americans to vote.

The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs EXCEPT:

Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base.

The data in the tables indicate which of the following?

Confederate armies lost a greater proportion of its soldiers than did the Union.

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the perception of many White Southerners that antislavery sentiment was spreading in the 1850s?

Congress voted to end the interstate slave trade.

"Then, if in this struggle of power and empire between the two classes of states a decision of California has taken place adverse to the wishes of the southern States, it is a decision not made by the General [federal] Government; it is a decision respecting which they cannot complain to the General Government. It is a decision made by California herself, and which California had incontestably a right to make under the Constitution of the United States. . . . The question of slavery, either of its introduction or interdiction, is silent as respects the action of this [federal] Government; and if it has been decided, it has been by a different body—by a different power—by California herself, who had a right to make that decision." Senator Henry Clay, speech in the United States Senate, 1850 The excerpt best reflects which of the following historical situations?

Congressional leaders sought political compromise to resolve discord between the North and the South.

In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to

preserve the Union

"Americans faced an overwhelming task after the Civil War and emancipation: how to understand the tangled relationship between two profound ideas—healing and justice.... [T]hese two aims never developed in historical balance. One might conclude that this imbalance between outcomes of sectional healing and racial justice was simply America's inevitable historical condition.... Which of the following best explains the reason for the reconciliation described by Blight?

Efforts to change southern racial attitudes and culture ultimately failed because of the South's determined resistance and the North's waning resolve.

Which of the following achievements of the "carpetbag" governments survived the "Redeemer" administrations?

Establishment of a public school system

Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct?

For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the views of Andrew Johnson on Reconstruction?

He believed that Reconstruction was an executive branch matter and sought the rapid restoration of the former Confederate states to the Union.

The trend shown in the map led most directly to which of the following?

Increasing divisions between North and South because of questions about the status of slavery in new territories

Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century?

Ireland

The first attempt to apply the doctrine of popular sovereignty in determining the status of slavery occurred in

Kansas

"I am filled with deep emotion at finding myself standing here in the place . . . from which sprang the institutions under which we live. . . . I have never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence. . . . It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the mother land; but something in that Declaration giving liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men. . ." President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 The excerpt best serves as evidence for which of the following developments?

Lincoln sought to avoid violence over the issues that divided the country

The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the

Missouri Compromise

Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision?

National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.

"The American Republicans of the city and county of Philadelphia, who are determined to support the NATIVE [White, Protestant] AMERICANS in their Constitutional Rights of peaceably assembling to express their opinions on any question of Public Policy, and to SUSTAIN THEM AGAINST THE ASSAULTS OF ALIENS AND FOREIGNERS are requested to assemble on MONDAY AFTERNOON, May 6th, 1844 at 4 o'clock, at the corner of Master and Second street, Kensington [a section of Philadelphia], to express their indignation [anger] at the outrage on Friday evening last, which was perpetrated by the Irish Catholics." Historians could best use the excerpt as an example of which of the following?

Political responses to changing demographics in the United States

The United States gained which of the following from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 ?

Possession of California and most of the Southwest

"My friends, this is a wholly unprepared speech. I did not expect to be called upon to say a word when I came here. . . . I may, therefore, have said something indiscreet, but I have said nothing but what I am willing to live by, and, in the pleasure of Almighty God, die by." President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 Evidence in the excerpt best corroborates which of the following?

Southern politicians would not abandon slavery, and they believed Lincoln was a threat to that system.

Based on their arguments in the excerpts, both Rable and Foner would most likely agree with which of the following claims?

Southern resistance hindered Reconstruction.

"Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war. . . . And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government. . . . "My friends, this is a wholly unprepared speech. I did not expect to be called upon to say a word when I came here. . . . I may, therefore, have said something indiscreet, but I have said nothing but what I am willing to live by, and, in the pleasure of Almighty God, die by." The excerpt most likely reflects which of the following historical situations?

States in the South had begun seceding after the presidential election.

"The question is simply this: can a negro whose ancestors were imported into this country and sold as slaves become a member of the political community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of the United States, and as such become entitled to all the rights, and privileges, and immunities, guaranteed by that instrument to the citizen, one of which rights is the privilege of suing in a court of the United States in the cases specified in the Constitution? . . . It is the judgment of this court that it appears . . . that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen . . . in the sense in which that word is used in the Constitution." United States Supreme, Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857 Which of the following invalidated the decision in the excerpt?

The Fourteenth Amendment

Which of the following factors best explains the territorial expansion of slavery in the middle of the nineteenth century?

The Mexican-American War incorporated extensive new lands into the United States.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was most similar in intent to which of the following earlier legislative initiatives?

The Missouri Compromise in 1820

The data in the tables indicate which of the following? pt.2

The Union had a larger and more diverse population of workers to enlist from than did the Confederacy.

Which of the following pieces of evidence could best be used to refute Stevens' claim in the excerpt that the Union had done little for formerly enslaved people by 1867?

The creation of schools by the Freedmen's Bureau for formerly enslaved people

"[W]ith a railroad to the Pacific, and thence to China by steamers, can be performed in thirty days, being now a distance of nearly seventeen thousand miles. . . Then the drills and sheetings of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts, and other manufactures of the United States, may be transported to China in thirty days; and the teas and rich silks of China, in exchange, come back to New Orleans, to Charleston, to Washington, to Baltimore, to Philadelphia, New York, and to Boston, in thirty days more." Which of the following most directly contributed to the request expressed in the excerpt?

The desire for international trade and access to global markets

"The Vigilance Committee of Boston inform you that the MOCK TRIAL of the poor Fugitive Slave has been further postponed.... Come down, then, Sons of the Puritans: for even if the poor victim is to be carried off by the brute force of arms, and delivered over to Slavery, you should at least be present to witness the sacrifice, and you should follow him in sad procession with your tears and prayers, and then go home and take such action as your manhood and your patriotism may suggest. Come, then, by the early trains on MONDAY, and rally.... Come with courage and resolution in your hearts; but, this time, with only such arms as God gave you." The proclamation most clearly provides evidence for which of the following?

The failure of the Compromise of 1850 to lessen sectional tensions

Which of the following occurred during Radical Reconstruction?

The formation of the Ku Klux Klan

Anti-immigrant nativism of the 1840s and 1850s had the most in common with which of the following earlier developments?

The passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), which limited rights for foreign-born residents

"Whether you are or are not, entitled to all the rights of citizenship in this country has long been a matter of dispute to your prejudice. By enlisting in the service of your country at this trial hour, and upholding the National Flag, you stop the mouths of [cynics] and win applause even from the iron lips of ingratitude. Enlist and you make this your country in common with all other men born in the country or out of it. . . ." Frederick Douglass Ideas expressed by Douglass in the excerpt were most likely interpreted as supporting which of the following arguments?

The war was no longer just about preserving the union of the states.

Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s?

They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories.

Which of the following comparisons best describes Whitman's and Giddings' arguments about the Mexican-American War?

Whitman argued that the war was intended to deter bad behavior, while Giddings argued that the war represented aggression by the United States.

The cartoon above is intended to express

a critique of Reconstruction

On the eve of the Civil War, the South enjoyed an advantage over the North in

experienced military leadership

The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it

forestalled the possibility of European intervention

During the Civil War, the Republican Party passed legislation promoting economic development concerning all of the following EXCEPT the

granting of government subsidies (grants of money) to encourage the export of manufactured goods

In the first half of the nineteenth century, a major consequence of United States expansionism was

increased sectional discord, accompanied by the growing failure of compromise

All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measured EXCEPT the

massive exodus of former slaves from the South

The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the

passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act

All of the following contributed to Northern fear of a slave power conspiracy in the 1840s and 1850s EXCEPT the

passage of the Wilmot Proviso

Of the following, the most threatening problem for the Union from 1861 through 1863 was

possible British recognition of the Confederacy

During Reconstruction, a major economic development in the South was the

spread of sharecropping

When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to

strengthen the moral cause of the Union

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established

that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude

In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president on a Republican platform that advocated all of the following EXCEPT

the abolition of slavery throughout the United States

The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in

the draft riots in New York City

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT

the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in

the withdrawal of federal troops from the South

At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, pro-Union sentiment was strong in western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina primarily because

there were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions

The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for

the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War