Pharm Exam 2

A client, recovering from a cold and now experiencing a hacking cough, asks if taking an antihistamine would be helpful. What response demonstrates the nurse's understanding of the effective use of antihistamines?

"Antihistamines are not recommended because they tend to worsen your cough." "Antihistamines are used for allergy-related coughs."

An elderly client is prescribed diphenhydramine for allergic response to mold. What should be the focus of the nursing assessment for the client?

Anticholinergic effects

Which second-generation H1 receptor antagonist antihistamine is formulated as a nasal spray for topical use by children aged 5 years and older?

Azelastine

The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled to receive acetylcysteine. The nurse should notify the prescriber before administering the medication if the client has which conditions?

Bronchospasm, peptic ulcer, esophageal varices

A female client is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and mild hepatic impairment. She presents to the emergency department after taking promethazine, obtained from a friend, for motion sickness. The nurse would expect what adverse effect?

Cholestatic jaundice

Decongestants should be used cautiously in clients with which medical conditions?

Diabetes Thyroid disease Glaucoma Hypertension

A client calls the clinic and reports symptoms of a cold. The client is most concerned because the cold symptoms are preventing him from sleeping. The nurse would inform the client that what medication relieves cold symptoms and aids sleep?

Diphenhydramine

The use of centrally acting antitussives, such as codeine, increase the risk for injury related to which conditions?

Drowsiness Dizziness

The nurse is assessing a client suspected of overdose with dextromethorphan. What assessment finding is suggestive of an overdose with the drug?

Hallucinations

What factor is consistent with a drug reaction?

It follows a previous exposure to the same or similar drug. It follows ingestion of a drug known to produce allergic reactions. It occurs approximately 7 to 10 days after initial exposure to the suspected drug.

When describing the action of acetylcysteine in treating cystic fibrosis, which would the nurse need to keep in mind about the drug?

It splits the disulfide bonds that hold mucus together.

What should be observed during ongoing assessment of a client taking an antitussive?

Lung sounds Frequency of cough Therapeutic effect Pain assessment

Decongestants are available in which dosage forms?

Oral Tablets, nasal sprays, nasal drops

Which is classified as a decongestant?

Oxymetazoline (Afrin)

A client suffers from motion sickness. Which antihistamine would treat the client's motion sickness?

Promethazine(Phenegran) Diphenhydramine( Benadryl)

What should the client be told about nasal drops?

Recline on a bed and hang your head over the edge. After using the drops keep head down and rotate it from side to side. Do not share the container with anyone. Nasal burning or stinging may occur with the use of topical decongestants.

An 82-year-old client is prescribed an antihistamine for the relief of allergic rhinitis. Which findings would the nurse most likely assess in this client?

Sedation Dry Throat Confusion

First-generation antihistamines may be effective against what symptoms?

Sneezing , rhinorrhea, cough

Why are second-generation H1 receptor antagonists less likely to cause less central nervous system (CNS) depression?

They do not cross the blood-brain barrier. They are selective for peripheral H1 receptors.

A client is taking pseudoephedrine to reduce nasal congestion. The nurse should caution the client against use of this decongestant if the client is currently taking what other type of drug?

Thyroid preparations

A client visits the clinic and is diagnosed with acute sinusitis. To promote sinus drainage, what medication might be ordered?

Topical decongestants

After teaching a group of nursing students about the uses of acetylcysteine, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following?

Tracheostomy care Atelectasis due to mucus obstruction Pulmonary complications of cystic fibrosis Posttraumatic chest conditions

A client's drug regimen includes diphenhydramine. What potential indications may this drug be used for?

Urticaria, vasomotor rhinitis, motion sickness, angioedema

What situation would be an indication for a prescription of a first-generation antihistamine?

allergic rhinitis motion sickness dermatitis

What outcome may be expected if allergic rhinitis is improperly treated?

chronic fatigue insomnia sinusitis asthma

A client administers diphenhydramine to their 9-year-old child, who experiences seasonal allergies, before a baseball game. What may the child experience if a paradoxical effect to the medication occurs?

excitation

The nurse is caring for a client who has an upper respiratory infection and who is inquiring about the use of nasal decongestants. What comorbidity would require cautious use of decongestants?

hypothyroidism

The substances released from mast cells are responsible for what physiological response?

inflammation bronchoconstriction

Codeine containing antitussives should be used cautiously in clients with which conditions?

pregnancy, convulsive disorders, prostatic hypertrophy

When the use of antihistamines result in dryness of the mouth, the nurse should recommend which to relieve the dryness?

suck on sugarless hard candy, offer ice chips, take frequent sips of water

A nurse is preparing to administer an antihistamine to a client. The nurse integrates knowledge about this class of drugs, identifying which condition or disease as a possible use to alleviate symptoms?

Allergic rhinitis Parkinsonism Nausea

A client is taking phenelzine (Nardil), a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, for depression. The client started taking dextromethorphan (Robitussin) over the counter without consulting his physician. The use of these two medications is contraindicated. Which symptoms might the patient exhibit?

Fever Coma

An older adult client diagnosed with hypertension and cardiac disease is experiencing a cold. The client asks the nurse what medications the client can take. Which groups of medications should the nurse suggest?

Oral expectorants such as guaifenesin. Locally acting antitussives such as cough drops.

The physician has order promethazine (Phenergan) for a client who is nauseated and vomiting. Which would be an appropriate route of administering promethazine to the client?

intramuscularly(IM), intravenously(IV)