pharm (exam2)

A nurse is providing care to a client diagnosed with stage 2 hypertension. The nurse understands that most clients with stage 2 hypertension will require how many antihypertensives to lower blood pressure to goal initially?

2

drugs that block ACE, the ezyme responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the lungs, which prevents vasoconstriction and aldosterone release

ACE inhibitor

A client calls the clinic and reports symptoms of a cold. The client is most concerned because the cold symptoms are preventing him from sleeping. The nurse would inform the client that what medication relieves cold symptoms and aids sleep?

Diphenhydramine

The nurse has been ordered to administer a preanesthetic medication that contains both anxiolytic and antiemetic properties. The nurse knows that which medication combines these two properties?

Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)

A client reports increased sedation after the initiation of chlorpheniramine to treat her allergies. Which antihistamines could the nurse recommend to the client to treat her allergy symptoms that would result in less sedation?

Loratadine (Claritin) Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

A client has been prescribed metoprolol. The nurse should caution the client against abrupt cessation of treatment to avoid which undesired result?

angina/myocardial infarction(heart attack)

drugs that block the release or action of histamine, a chemical released during inflammation that increases secretions and narrows airways

antihistamine

What might occur if a client inadvertently receives a benzodiazepine intra-arterially?

arteriospasm

disorder characterized by recurrent and reversible episodes of bronchospasm, which leads to narrowed or obstructed airways

asthma

collapse of once-expanded alveoli

atelectasis

what should be taught when taking antihistamines?

avoid alcohol consumption and use sugarless candies for dry mouth

what are the results of left-sided heart failure?

edema of lungs, increased hydrostatic pressure

what are the results of right-sided heart failure?

enlarged liver, enlarged spleen, decreased blood flow to the GI

drug that causes a vascular constriction in the brain and periphery; relieves or prevents migraine headaches but is associated with many adverse effects

ergot derivative

drugs that increase productive cough to clear airways

expectorants

Which benzodiazepine would a nurse expect to administer as a hypnotic?

flurazepam, quazepam, temazepam

COPD can cause patients to have.....

higher respiratory rate and lower oxygen saturation levels

during asthma, what is released in response to the individual allergens or or nonallergenic triggers?

histamine

extreme sedation resulting in further CNS depression and sleep

hypnosis

Acetaminophen-aspirin-caffeine act on a migraine headache by:

reducing pain associated with a migraine

The nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed chlorpromazine hydrochloride. The nurse should teach that this medication is likely to cause what reaction?

reduction of light sensitivity during a migraine

what is the gas exchange that occurs at the alveolar level?

respiration

disorder found in premature neonates whose lungs have not had time to fully mature and are lacking sufficient surfactant to maintain open airways

respiratory distress syndrome (rds)

The nurse instructs a client who is prescribed a nasal steroid that it may take up to how long before effects may be noted?

7 days

a hormone released from the adrenal cortex that acts in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney to increase the retention of sodium and water

aldosterone

a peptide hormone that causes and vasoconstriction that stimulates aldosterone and ADH release

angiotensin

released from posterior pituitary and acts in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney t increase water retention

antidiuretic hormone (adh)

drugs that block the cough reflex

antitussives

drugs used to depress the CNS; prevents or reduces signs and symptoms of anxiety

anxiolytics

disruption in the cardiac rate or rhythm

arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

former mainstay class of drug used for the treatment of anxiety and for sedation and sleep induction; potentially severe adverse effects; less desirable than some of the newer agents

barbiturates

what group of drugs can cause liver enzyme induction, which leads to rapid metabolism and loss of effectiveness in liver?

barbiturates

class of drug that acts in the limbic system and the reticular activating system to make gamma-aminobutyric, causing interference with neuron firing; depresses CNS to block signs and symptoms of anxiety; can cause sedation and hypnosis

benzodiazepines

When considering vital signs, which assessment is focused on the functioning of the body's resistance system

blood pressure

The ICU nurse is caring for a patient in neurogenic shock. What would the nurse know is a characteristic of neurogenic shock?

bradycardia

With which condition are the bronchial epithelial cells replaced by a fibrous scar tissue?

bronchiectasis

a patient would benefit from which anxiolytic for short term insomnia?

buspirone

bronchioles are comprised of ....?

cartilage, a muscle layer, and an epithelial layer

After administration of sumatriptan, the client reports experiencing nausea. Which drug does the nurse anticipate the prescriber to order?

chlorpromazine

chronic condition that occurs over time; often result of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma; obstruction is not fully reversible

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)

viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that initiates the release of histamine and prostaglandins and causes an inflammatory response

common cold

triptans bind to selective serotonin to cause?

cranial vascular constriction

hereditary disease that results in copious amount of thick fluids in the lungs, eventually leads to obstruction of airways and destruction of lung tissue

cystic fibrosis

what group of drug would a patient with sinus pressure and seasonal rhinitis take?

decongestant

drugs that decrease the blood flow to the upper respiratory tract and decrease the overproduction of secretions

decongestants

drug used to depress the CNS; causes sleep

hypnotic

opioid receptors are found in the body to:

incorporate pain perception and blocking

A client diagnosed with migraines has been prescribed gabapentin. When providing client teaching, how will the nurse explain the role of the drug in treatment?

it prevents migraines from occurring

After explaining an electrocardiogram to a patient, which statement indicates that the patient understands this test?

it will show how impulses are moving through the heart

Which respiratory structure contains the vocal cords?

larynx

vocal chords and epiglottis, which close during swallowing to protect lower respiratory tract

larynx

After teaching a group of students about the cardiovascular system and pressures, the students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which area as having the highest pressure?

left ventricle

which structures control respirations?

medulla and muscular systems

A client is scheduled to undergo a bronchoscopy for the investigation of a bronchial mass. What benzodiazepine should the clinic nurse anticipate administering for conscious sedation?

midazolam

headache characterized by severe, unilateral, pulsating head pain associated with systemic effects(sensitivity to light and sound, GI upset), related to hyperperfusion of the brain from arterial dilation

migraine

what type of pain do triptans relieve?

migraine pain

A patient is receiving a vasodilator that is available only in oral form. Which agent would the nurse most likely identify as being used?

minoxidil

drugs that increase or liquify respiratory secretions to aid the clearing of airways

mucolytic

The health care provider has ordered promethazine (Phenergan) for a client who is having a severe allergic reaction. The nurse is aware that this medication is also used to treat what condition?

nausea and vomiting

drugs that react at some opioid receptor sites to stimulate their activity and at other opioid receptor sites to block activity

opioid agonist-antagonist

drugs that react at opioid receptor sites to stimulate the effects of the receptors

opioid agonists

drugs that block the opioid receptor sites; used to counteract the actions of opioids or to treat an overdose

opioid antagonists

drugs originally derived from opium that react with specific opioid receptors throughout the body

opioids

what is true of nasal sprays?

patient should be in high fowler's position during administration and over use can cause rebound congestion

what is true of morphine?

patients should be observed for respiratory depression, the response to the drug depends on the route, and patients should be assisted with mobility due to risk for injury

the membrane-lined cavity that is behind the mouth and nose

pharynx

inflammation of the lungs that can be caused by bacterial or viral invasion of the tissue or by aspiration of foreign substances

pneumonia

air in the pleural space exerting high pressure against the alveoli

pneumothorax

Which would a nurse identify as being involved with acute respiratory distress syndrome?

progressive loss of lung compliance

Some antihistamines can produce significant sedation. Which drug is most likely to cause this adverse effect?

promethazine

Which term would the nurse use to describe the delivery of blood to the alveoli?

pulmonary perfusion

what are examples of vasopressins and what do they do?

raise blood pressure; epinephrine, norepinephrine, midodrine

inflammation of the nasal cavity; commonly called hay fever

seasonal rhinitis

loss of awareness and reaction to environmental stimuli

sedation

drug that depresses the CNS; produces loss of awareness of and reaction to environment

sedatives

severe hypotension that can lead to accumulation of waste products and cell death

shock

air filled passages in the skull that open to the nasal passages

sinuses

When describing the action of calcium channel blockers, which would be an expected effect?

slowed impulse formation

the only triptan to be used for both migraines and cluster headaches is...

sumatriptan

lipoprotein that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, allowing them to stay open to allow gas exchange

surfactant

the alveolar sac remains open because of a decrease in surface tension due to what substance?

surfactant

An instructor is describing topical decongestants as belonging to which class?

sympathomimetics

the main conducting airway leading to the lungs

trachea

selective serotonin reception blocker that causes vascular constriction of the brain vessels; used to treat acute migraine attacks

triptan

The nurse is preparing to medicate a client for migraines. The nurse teaches the client that migraine headaches frequently occur due to what reason?

vasodilation

what are the main types of pneumonia?

viral, bacterial, and aspiration(due to problems swallowing)

A client appears to be in hypovolemic shock with a significant loss of blood. What assessment findings might help confirm the diagnosis?

weak pulse, clammy skin, and nausea