Pharmacology pt 4

In what animal is use of enrofloxacin safest?

1-year-old Dutch rabbit

What are trimethoprim and ormetoprim?

Agents that enhance bactericidal activity of sulfa drugs

Antimicrobial drugs like neomycin, gentamicin and amikacin each belong to what group of antibiotics?

Aminoglycosides

Butorphanol is an opioid that is often used for its analgesic properties but is also used in other clinical scenarios as

An antitussive agent

What is the drug group of choice for treating Lyme disease (borreliosis)?

Antibiotic

Antimicrobial drugs that work against bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have the potential for causing birth defects or other problems in the host animal if they also alter mammalian DNA. Once group of antimicrobial agents known for this tendency is

Antifungals

What fatal reaction to chloramphenicol has been reported in cats and people?

Aplastic anemia

Which of the following drugs does not have an antiemetic action?

Apomorphine

Which of the following clinical signs may indicate that an animal is experiencing lidocaine toxicity?

CNS signs: drowsiness, ataxia, muscle tremors

An animal that demonstrates an allergic response to penicillin administration should not be given which of the following antibiotics?

Cephalosporins

What antimicrobial is banned from use in any food animal because of the risk to human health?

Chloramphenicol

What drug readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier and achieves therapeutic concentrations of antibiotic in the central nervous system?

Chloramphenicol

What is added to amoxicillin to make it resistant to the penicillin-destroying B-lactamase enzymes produced by some bacteria?

Clavulanic acid

Certain bacteria, especially Staphylococcus, produce an enzyme(B-lactamase) that destroys many penicillin drugs. Which is one of the penicillins not detroyed by B-lactamase?

Cloxacillin

What route of administration of amikacin or gentamicin causes the highest risk for nephrotoxicity (kidney toxicity)?

Continuous intravenous infusion

Triple sulfas were developed to the avert ___ that was/were seen with single sulfonamide toxicity

Crystalluria

What drugs are considered fluoroquinolones?

Danofloxacin, enrofloxacin

Within the past few years there have been reports of dogs having adverse reactions to sulfadiazine, a very commonly used sulfonamide. What reaction should clients and veterinary professionals watch for?

Decrease tear production

Griseofulvin (Fulvicin) is used in cats, dogs, and horses to treat which of the following disorders?

Dermatophytosis

A dog diagnosed with a mast cell tumor is schedules for surgery. the vet chooses to pretreat the dog with an H1 blocker to prevent the negative effects of a histamine release when the tumnor is maniplulatied. which of the floowing drugs may be chosen

Diphenhydramine

Which of the following statements correctly describes multidrug chemotherapeutic protocols?

Drugs are usually selected that work in different parts of the cell cycle

A cat diagnosed with hyperthyroidism may be offered a number of treatment options, including all but which of the following?

Fenbendazole medical management

Which of the following drugs provides analgesic relief to a patient who undergoes a painful procedure

Fentanyl

What antibiotic is most likely to cause damage to the ear?

Gentamicin

Unlike many other penicillins. penicillin G is not rec for use by mouth (PO). why?

It is destroyed by gastric acid

Why should tetracycline use be avoided in pregnant bitches?

It may be deposited in dental enamel and give the pup's teeth a mottled yellow apperance.

Which of the following drugs does not have an immunosuppressive effect?

Ivermectin

Which of the following drugs is used as an adulticide to treat a heartworm-positive dog?

Melarsomine (Immiticide)

What antibacterial drug is also effective against protozoa such as Giardia?

Metronidazole

An example of an aminoglycoside antibiotic is

Neomycin

Which of the following drug groups is most likely to provoke an allergic reaction in treated animals

Penicillins

Chloramphenicol is metabolized by specific enzymes in the liver. Consequently, it interferes with or influences how rapidly other drugs metabolized by the same liver enzymes are eliminated from the body. This is important to remember to prevent accidental overdose of a simultaneously administered drug. Metabolism of what drug affected by simultaneous use of chlloramphenicol?

Phenobarbital

What organ blocks entrance of many drugs because of a barrier similar to the blood-brain barrier?

Prostate gland

a recently reported side effect of fluoroquinolone adminstration (baytril) in cats given SID dosing at a higher dosing schedule is:

Retinal damage

Which type of adverse reaction is most commonly observed when penicillins are administered to rabbits?

Severe diarrhea

The number of species of bactera that are affected by an antibiotic is known as the antibiotic's

Spectrum

The class of antibiotics most commonly prescribed to treat rickettsial infections, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, is

Tetracyclines

Why is chloramphenicol used with extreme caution in cats and neonates?

The liver is unable to metabolize chloramphenical effectively in these animals

An asthmatic cat may recieve which of the following drugs for its bronchodilatory effect?

Theophylline

Aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g. amikacin and gentamicin) are powerful agents against bacteria. Unfortunaley, they do not seem to work well in deep puncture wounds or in the lumen of the colon. Why?

These are anaerobic sites, and bacteria require oxygen to take up aminoglycosides

some penicillin G injctable products contain procaine or benzathine and some penicillin G products contain neither. What effet do pocain and benzathine have on penicillin G

They prolong absorption of penicillin G from the inj site

Ceftiofur is classified on the package insert as a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic; cefadroxil is classified as a first-generation cephalosporin. How do third-generation cephalosporins differ from first-generation cephalosporins?

Third-generation drugs have better gramnegative activity

The antidote for warfarin (Dicumarol) poisoning is

Vitamin K

when are drugs like sulfadimethoxine, sulfadiazine, and other sulfa drugs most likely to cause kidney problems

When an animal is dehydrated

An example of an -agonist is

Xylazine

A cat is given a drug (methionine) to alter the pH of his urine in an effort to dissolve his struvite stones. The drug has which of the following intended effects?

acidification of the urine

Antimicrobial (antibiotic) drugs are classifed according to the type or organisms they affect. Which type of antimicrobial drug would be effective against organisms like Giardia or Eimeria?

antiprotozoal

Which of the following drugs is used for its sedative, antiseizure, and appetite stimulant effects?

diazepam

With what type of diet should oral tetracyclines not be administered?

high calcium

Aminoglycosides, if given at high dosages or by continuous IV infusion, cause damage to the

inner ear and kidney

It is essential for veterinary techs to educate clients exprected to treat their pets with insulin. Which of the following statements is true?

insulin should be given with a meal

How can a drug like neomycin, which has severe risk of nephrotoxicity when administered by injection, have little risk when administered topically or orally?

little of the drug is absorbed through the skin

Why is it an accepted practice for cats receiving aspirin therapy to be dosed on a 2-day interval schedule only (i.e., a minimal dose every 2 days)?

liver metabolism of salicylates occurs at a very slow rate in comparison to other species, thereby making cats extremely susceptible to overdose in comparison to dogs

What is the effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha on the reproductive system

luteolysis

Many antibiotic drug inserts (information included in packages of drugs) make refernece to the MIC at which the antibiotic if effective. What is the MIC?

minimum inhibitory concentration

What can a technician do to recognize early signs of nephrotoxicity in an animal that receives aminoglycosides?

monitor urine for casts and protein

Why is it important that pus-filled wounds or ear canals with purulent debris be throughly cleaned before applying a topical aminogylcoside (e.g. gentamicin)

nucleic acids in the cellular debris (pus) bind the aminoglycoside

What drug will not cause nephrotoxicity?

oxymorphone

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a significant problem in veterinary medicine. What factoris not considered to be significant contributor to development of bacterial resistance?

prolonged levels of higher-than-recommended dosages of antibiotics

Which of the following types of insulin provides the longest duration of action?

ultralente insulin