Philosophy. Midterm
Where in the countries of the Ancient East were the first philosophical views and judgments formed?
Ancient Egypt and Babylon
A characteristic feature of the philosophy of the Renaissance is:
Anthropocentrism
The most important feature of the philosophical thought and culture of the Renaissance is:
Anthropocentrism
Type of worldview, according to which man is the center and the highest goal of the universe:
Anthropocentrism
The ancient Chinese philosophical texts include
Tao Te Ching
Eschatology is
Teaching about the fate of the world and man
The first philosophers expressed the version that water is the root cause of the world in their teachings
Thales in Greece
The basic principle of ancient philosophy was:
Cosmocentrism
The worldview principle, according to which the world was created by God out of nothing, is called:
Creationism
The most important philosophical work of Immanuel Kant
Critique of Pure Reason
What is the name of the doctrine of being in philosophy
antology
Works of early Christian literature not included in the biblical canon, i.e. recognized by the official church as "false"
apologias
Find out the schools of thought in ancient India that recognize and do not recognize the Vedas
astika and nastika
The direction that denies the existence of God is called:
atheism
Find out the structure of the worldview.
attitude, understanding and perception
The doctrine that developed in the Renaissance, and affirms the identity of God and nature, that "nature is God in things"
Pantheism
The name of the period of the creative ministry of the "Church Fathers" (III-VIII centuries), who laid the foundations of Christian philosophy and theology; in their works, in opposition-dialogue with Greco-Roman philosophy, a system of Christian dogma is being formed:
Patristics
Italian poet, author of sonnets to Laura, founder of humanism, critic of scholasticism
Petrarch
The basics of being, problems of cognition, the purpose of a person and his position in the world are studied by:
Philosophy
World outlook form of public consciousness, rationally substantiating the ultimate foundations of being, including society and law:
Philosophy
Author of "Speech on Freedom and Human Dignity"
Pico della Mirandola
In antiquity, the merit of the discovery of the supersensible world of ideas belongs to:
Plato
Objective-idealistic philosophy was founded:
Plato
The source of knowledge is the memory of the soul about the world of ideas, he believed:
Plato
The statement that the soul before the birth of a person was in the world of ideas, therefore, in the process of cognition, it is able to recall them belongs to:
Plato
Who put forward the doctrine "On the world of ideas and shadows"?
Plato
Basic idea of the philosophy of the French Enlightenment
Priority of reason as the highest authority in solving problems of human society
On the basis of movement in philosophy laws divided into
Private, general, most general
The saying: "Man is the measure of all things" belongs to:
Protagoras
The principle that God determines the entire course of history and the fate of each person
Providencealism
First used the word "philosophy" and called himself a "philosopher":
Pythagoras
Position: "Number is the essence and meaning of everything that is in the world" belongs to:
Pythagoras
Who was the first used the term Philosophy
Pythagoras
Philosophical direction, recognizing the mind as the basis of knowledge and behavior of people
Rationalism
The essence of deism is
Reducing the role of God to the creation of matter and the first impulse
The defining feature of a religious worldview is:
belief in supernatural, other wordly forces that have the ability to influence the world
According to Marxist philosophy, the essence of the main question of philosophy is:
driving forces of society development
Representatives of which philosophical school posed the problem of being, opposed the world of feelings to the world of reason and argued that movement, any change is only an illusion of the sensual illusory world:
eleatic school
Movement, any change are only an illusion of the sensory world, they argued:
eleatics
The section of philosophy in which the problems of cognition are developed
epistemology
worldview
generalization, as far as possible, of views regarding the surrounding world and the place of a person in it
Knowledge according to Socrates is identical:
goodness(virtue)
The ideological function of philosophy is that:
helps to understand ourselves, our place in the world
The law of retribution in Indian religion and religious philosophy, which determines the nature of the new birth of reincarnation:
karma
Thesis belonging to the thinker Thales:
know yourself
From the Greek language, the word "philosophy" is translated as:
love of wisdom
What kinds of actions do you know
machanical, physical, chemical, biological, social
Find out the name of understanding the primacy of matter and the objectivity of the reality of its existence outside of human consciousness
materialism
Features of rationalism of the XVII century. conditioned by
mathematics
Dualism is characterized by the following thesis:
matter and consciousness are two principles that exist independently of each other
Chronological framework of German classical philosophy
18-19 centuries
Chronological framework of the development of ancient philosophy:
6th century BC- 6th century AD
Determine the time of origin of philosophy:
7-6 centuries BC
The name received as the cycle of life or the wheel of life in Indian philosophy
Sansara
Which of the following features is not characteristic of medieval philosophical thought
Scientism
Liberation from church influence
Secularization
Roman philosopher, educator of Nero, author of "Letters to Lucillus", representative of Stoicism
Seneca the Younger
A trend that considers sensory experience to be the only source of our knowledge about the world
Sensationalism
The idea of the rule of law includes a provision on
Separation of powers
Name of the founder of Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama
"I know that I know nothing...". The author of the aphorism:
Socrates
Teaching on the salvation of the soul
Soteriology
The statement: "What is important is not what happens to us, but how we relate to it" corresponds to the worldview:
Stoicism
The era of restoration of the ideals of antiquity in Europe:
reneissance(revival)
French philosopher, supporter of sensationalism
Étienne Bonnot de Condillac
"Six Days" is a book that stated:
Christian ontology and cosmogony
French philosopher who believed in the omnipotence of upbringing and argued that people from birth have equal abilities
Claude Adrien Helvétius
D. Hume's central philosophical problem
Cognition
The author of the doctrine of the undesirability of what you do not wish for yourself
Confucius
The concept of a "noble husband" as an ideal personality was developed by:
Confucius
The main claim of rationalism is that
The mind plays a priority role in human cognitive activity
The main task of Christian apologists was:
justification of the advantages of Christianity over paganism
The concept of ancient Chinese philosophy, denoting a masculine, light and active principle:
yang
The concept of ancient Chinese philosophy, denoting the feminine, dark and passive principle:
yin
The golden rule of morality: "What you don't wish for yourself, don't do the same to others" was first formulated:
Confucius
According to Aristotle, the human soul does not include
Mineral soul
Scholasticism is:
A type of philosophizing, distinguished by speculation and the primacy of logical and epistemological problems
A philosophical trend that denies knowledge of the world is ...
Agnosticim
What is the name of the work of Al Khorezmiy that brought him the fame of a scientist
Al Jabr val Mukobila
Basic statement of empiricism
All human knowledge is based on experience
Philosopher, student of Plato, author of the books "Metaphysics", "Poetics", "Politics"
Aristotle
Philosopher, student of Plato:
Aristotle
The philosopher who considered logic to be the main instrument of knowledge:
Aristotle
Restriction or suppression of sensual desires, voluntary enduring physical pain, loneliness:
Asceticism
The name of the school that recognizes the sacred Vedas in Indian philosophy.
Astika
What are the Orthodox schools in Indian philosophy
Astika- nyaya, sakhya, mimasa, yoga
An outstanding representative of patristics, the author of the books "Confession", "About the City of God"
Augustine
Find out the first religious and philosophical sources in Central Asia
Avesta
Founder of empiricism, author of the first technocratic utopia "New Atlantis", author of the slogan "Knowledge is power"
Bacon
Name the philosopher who proposed the use of experience and experimental method in science
Bacon
What is the name of the philosopher, the founder of the inductive method in philosophy
Bacon
According to I. Kant, in order for knowledge to be reliable, it must:
Be universal and necessary
What is the name of the creator of being and the highest deity in ancient India
Brahmanism
Provisions about the infinity of the Universe in time and space, about the identity of God and nature was substantiated by
Bruno
Representative of the philosophy of the Renaissance:
Bruno
The name of the founder of Buddhism, meaning awakened, enlightened:
Buddha
According to Francis Bacon, any knowledge must:
Build on experience and move from the singular to the general
First expressed the idea of the atomic structure of matter:
Democritus
Who is the founder of the atomistic theory
Democritus, Leucippus
Not a characteristic feature of German classical philosophy
Denial of transcendental, divine being
Dualistic philosophy is characteristic of
Descartes
French philosopher, he is also the creator of algebra and analytic geometry
Descartes
The idea "never to take for the true something that I would not have known as such with evidence" belongs to:
Descartes
The statement: "I think, therefore, I exist"
Descartes
What is the name of the founder of the deductive method in philosophy
Descartes
Hegel's theory of development, which is based on the unity and struggle of opposites, is called:
Dialectics
The philosopher who lived in a barrel considered himself a "citizen of the world" and called for poverty, ignorance
Diogenes
On the question of substance, Rene Descartes adhered to
Dualism
Bacon's division of experiments into "fruitful" and "luminiferous" corresponds to the division of knowledge into:
Empirical and theoretical
What is the name of the philosophical doctrine of knowledge
Epistemology
The art of interpretation of sacred texts, which developed in the Middle Ages
Exegetics
If Arastu was the first teacher in the history of philosophy, then who was the second
Farabi
Who is the founder of the idea that man is the main subject of Western philosophy
Feuerbach
In which city was the Platonic Academy revived in the 15th century
Florence
The center of European Enlightenment in the middle of the 18th century was
France
Philosopher, author of "Phenomenology of Spirit", "Science of Logic", "Philosophy of History", "Philosophy of Law":
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
The representative of subjective idealism is
George Berkeley
Theocentrism is a worldview position, which is based on the idea of leadership:
God
The philosopher who took the so-called "monads" as the basis of being
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Who is the author of the expression that "you cannot enter the same river twice"
Heraclit
The ancient philosopher believed that one and the same river cannot be entered twice:
Heraclitus
Who among the ancient philosophers taught that everything develops, that the primary cause of the world and its primary foundation is fire, that one cannot enter the same river twice:
Heraclitus
Who is considered as a father of dialectics
Heraclitus
Indicate the founder philosopher of dialectics in Western philosophy
Heraclitus, Hegel
The secular worldview position of the Renaissance, opposed to scholasticism and the spiritual domination of the church:
Humanism
In Plato's philosophy, the idea of a "horse" differs from a real, living horse in that:
Idea is primary, real horse is secondary
What is the meaning of the original thesis of Descartes's philosophy, which sounds like "cogito ergo sum" in Latin
If I think, I exist
A thinker who lived all his life in Königsberg and taught at the university there
Immanuel Kant
Divided reality into "the world of things in themselves" and "the world of phenomena"
Immanuel Kant
Philosopher, author of Critique of Pure Reason:
Immanuel Kant
Statement: "Do so that the maxim of your will can at the same time become the principle of universal legislation" belongs
Immanuel Kant
The opposition of an individual to society is characteristic of:
Individualism
The type of worldview characteristic of the Renaissance, which is based on the opposition of an individual to society:
Individualism
The main method of scientific knowledge, according to F. Bacon, should be
Induction
The main problem solved by the philosophers of the Milesian school:
Initial problem
The name of the Indian school explaining purification by the transfer of the spirit from one body to another
Jainism
Philosophy of Hegel is inherent in:
Panlogism
"Man is born to be free, - and yet everywhere he is in chains," - said
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Representative of the philosophy of the French Enlightenment
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The philosopher who believed that the mind of a child is like a blank board of tabula rasa
John Locke
Name the person named Raphael of the East
Kamoliddin Bekzod
In Indian philosophy - the total amount of committed actions and their consequences, which determines the nature of the new birth
Karma
Chinese philosopher, founder of Taoism
Lao Tzu
Roman poet, follower of Epicurus, author of the poem "On the Nature of Things"
Lucretius
Representative of German classical philosophy:
Ludwig Feuerbach
The representative of materialism is
Ludwig Feuerbach
The main object of research, the measure of things and relationships in the Renaissance:
Man(human)
Savior, deliverer from troubles, anointed of God
Messiah
According to I. Kant, for the formation of a person as a moral being,
Moral duty
Which of the following thinkers does not belong to the representatives of German classical philosophy
Nietzsche
The central concept of Buddhism and Jainism, meaning the highest state, the goal of human aspirations:
Nirvana
The philosophy of the Renaissance is characterized by
Nostalgia for ancient culture
Reality, which is the basis of the world, according to Hegel:
The absolute idea
What does the concept of "dharma" mean in traditional Indian philosophy:
The eternal moral law, prescribing a certain way of life for everyone
How does the idea of a "horse" differ from a real, living, real horse in Plato's philosophy. Please enter a wrong answer
The idea is richer in content than a living horse
The most important ideas of French philosophy of the Enlightenment cannot be attributed
The idea of equality for all people
The subject of theoretical philosophy according to I. Kant should be research:
The laws of the mind and its boundaries
In the philosophy of I. Kant, antinomies take place where, with the help of the human mind, they try to draw conclusions about:
The world of things by themselves
A characteristic feature of medieval philosophy is:
Theocentrism
Representative of medieval Western European philosophy
Thomas Aquinas
Representative of medieval philosophy:
Thomas Aquinas
The problem of proving the existence of God was one of the central for
Thomas Aquinas
"War of all against all" is a natural state, he believed
Thomas Hobbes
The theory of "social contract" adhered to
Thomas Hobbes
The concept of "Logos" in the philosophical teachings of Heraclitus means:
Universal law, the action of which is subject to everything in the world
The ancient Indian philosophical texts include
Upanishads
The essence of Socrates' "ethical rationalism":
Virtue is the result of knowing what is good, while lack of virtue is the result of knowing
According to Hegel, the true engine of world history are
World Spirit
Find out the founder of the tariqah of the mortal world and supporters of the refusal to receive worldly pleasures
Yassaviy
What do you think, the hypothetical dispute of which philosophers was depicted by A.S. Pushkin in the poem "Movement":
Zeno of Elea and Heraclitus
The meaning of the categorical imperative of I. Kant can be revealed as follows: = act in relation to others as:
action of a virtuous man
Indicate the sources influencing the formation of consciousness and human development
adaptation to the environment, work, speech
Deny the possibility of knowing the world:
agnostics
Anaximenes took the fundamental principle of all things
air
What is the name of the doctrine of values
aksiology
The title of the most famous book of Abu Nasr Al Farobiy
city of virtuous people
Find out the cause and source of the movement
confrontation of contradictions
Kant believes that space and time:
congenital, pre-experienced forms of sensuality
Matter of the highest level is...
consciousness and thinking
Idealism is characterized by the statement:
consciousness is primary, matter does not exist independently
What teachings were promoted in ancient times
cosmoccentrism, cosmopolitanism
Ontology is:
doctorine about being, about its fundamental principles
Ethics is:
doctorine about morality and moral values
Agnosticism is:
doctorine denying adequate knowledge of the world
What are the features of Aristotle's philosophy?
his dualism
Central issue in the philosophy of the French Enlightenment
human
The thought "the universe was created by divine power and controls it" refers to..
idealism
What is characteristic of the epistemic line in philosophy
identification of philosophy with theology
What does Muso Al Khorezmiy's contribution to the development of world science consist of
invented the decimal system, arithmetic equations, the theory of algorithms, algebra
Simple indivisible substance according to Leibniz
monads
Find out the conditions for the existence of being
movement, space, epoch(time), matter
What kind of historical type of worldview are we talking about here: "This is a holistic worldview, in which various ideas are linked into a single figurative picture of the world, combining reality and fantasy, natural and supernatural, knowledge and faith, thought and emotions"
mythologies
What manifestations of being do you know
nature, man, spiritual, social
Some Christian theologians claim the whole world. The entire Universe was created by God in six days, and God himself is an incorporeal intellect, the most perfect Personality. What philosophical direction does this view of the world correspond to
objective idealism
The cause of inequality in human society J.-J. Russo believed
own, ownership
For the first time the concept of being in philosophy used.
parmenides
Follower of Pythagoras, the first who drew the system of the world and placed the Central Fire in the center of the universe
philolaus
The direction of Western European philosophy, which denies the cognitive value of philosophy, the presence of her own, original subject:
positivism
Such features as speculativeness, interest in formal-logical problems, subordination to theology are inherent in:
scholasticism
Worldview is:
set of views, assessments, emotions that characterize a person's attitude to the world
What philosophical doctrine studies the social development of society
sociology
What is substance in Aristotle's philosophy?
spirit and water
Who owns this statement: "I affirm that there are no things. We are just used to talking about things; in fact, there is only my thinking, there is only my "I" with sensations inherent in it. The material world only seems to us, is it just a certain way to talk about our sensations
subjective idealist
In the philosophy of Heraclitus, the word Logos denotes the world law, the world order, to which everything that exists is subject. Which concept of Chinese philosophy has the same meaning:
tao
Axiology is:
teaching about values
What is axiology a teaching about
teaching about values
The concept of a substance is ......
the basis of the universe and meaning
Anthropology is:
the doctorine about man(human)
Epistemology is:
the doctorine about nature, the essence of knowledge
What do the concepts of Brahman in Vedanta and apeiron in the philosophy of Anaximander mean:
the substance of all things
What is the foundation of medieval philosophy in Western Europe
theocentrism
A set of religious doctrines and teachings about the essence and operation of God:
theology
Philosophy in the Middle Ages occupied a subordinate position in relation to:
theology
What meaning did G. Hegel put into the statement that "philosophy is an era captured by thought"
thinking of philosophers is determined by the socio- economic conditions of the society
With the statement: "Thinking is the same product of the brain as bile is a product of the liver," a representative would agree:
vulgar materialism
The essence of the ethical teachings of Epicurus is that:
we should enjoy life
In the philosophy of I. Kant, "a thing-in-itself" is
which evokes sensations in us, but itself cannot be cognized
