Photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide combined with ________ to make two molecules of ________.

Enzymes RuBP

Chemeosmosis

Making of ATP

Equation for splitting a water molecule

2H2O ------ 4H+ 4e+ O2

Balanced equation for photosynthesis

6H2O + 6CO2 ---- C6H12O6 + 6O2

What is a biochemical pathway

A biochemical pathway is a series of chemical reactions linked in this way

________ or energy for a cell is synthesized during the light reactions in a process called _________.

ATP Chemiosmosis

The _____ and _____ pigments are grouped into clusters in the thylakoid membrane.

ATP NADPH

Stored in ____ and ____ to make _______ compounds

ATP NADPH Organic

Chlorophyll b is an example of an ________ pigment in plants

Accessory

The light reactions start when _______ pigments absorb ______

Accessory Light

Chlorophyll b is also known as

Accessory pigments

What organisms can carry on photosynthesis?

Autotrophs

What organisms release stored energy from organic compounds through cellular respiration?

Autotrophs and heterotrophs

What would happen if the electrons lost from photosystem II weren't replaced?

Both electron transport chains would stop

Plants that can fix carbon through the Calvin cycle are called what type of plants

C4

Name 2 alternate carbon fixing pathways used by plants in hot climates

C4 and CAM

Carbon atoms from _____ are fixed into organic compounds in the Calvin cycle in a process called carbon _______.

CO2 Fixation

The _______ cycle is the second set of photosynthetic reactions that uses energy

Calvin

Name another accessory pigment and tell what color it includes

Care toils Yellow, orange, and brown

Only ________ is directly in capturing light energy

Chlorophyll a

Absorbed light is passed to a pair of ________ pigment molecules in photosystem ___.

Chlorophyll a II

Name the most important chloroplast pigment and tell the two most important types of this pigment.

Chlorophylls, and chlorophylls a and b

What are the light reactions of plants and in what organelle do they occur?

Chloroplasts, thylakoids, grana, and stroma.

What are pigments

Compounds that can absorb light

Name three C4 pathways

Corn Sugar cane Crab grass

Photosystem

Each cluster of pigment molecules and the proteins that the pigment molecules are imbedded in

All organisms require _______ to carry out their life functions.

Energy

These electrons lose ______ as they are passed through a series of molecules called the _________ chain

Energy Electron transport

PGA is converted into _____, ADP, _______, and phosphate.

G3P NADP+

Carbohydrates made from PGAL in the Calvin cycle include the monosaccharides ______ and ______, the disaccharide _______ and polysaccharides such as ______, _______, and _________.

Glucose Fructose Sucrose Cellulose Starch Glycerin

Thylakoid sacs in chloroplasts are known as _______

Grana

What three things can happen to light that strikes an object?

Its component colors can be reflected, transmitted, or absorbed

Chlorophyll is most abundant in the ________ leaves of a plant, while accessory pigments appear more in the _________ and fruits

Leaves Flowers

Photosystem I chlorophyll molecules also absorb ______ and its electrons eventually combine with _________ to form NADPH

Light Protons

3 environmental factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis

Light intensity CO2 concentration Temperature

CAM plants open and close when

Open at night Close during day

During photosynthesis, the energy from the sun is stored within _______ compounds, mainly the sugar __________.

Organic Carbohydrates

What important gas is released when water is split?

Oxygen

Light reactions occur in

Photosystem I and II

Name the two types of photosystems

Photosystem I and II

C4 pathway

Plants that close their stomata during the hottest part of the day thus fixing carbon into four carbon compounds

What are the chemicals called that pick up these freed electrons and where are they located?

Primary electron acceptor located in the thylakoid membrane.

Name the 7 colors that make up the visible spectrum

Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet

Is red light reflected or absorbed

Reflected

What are stomata and where can they be located

Small pores Usually located on the undersurface of leaves

In what part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?

Stroma

What gel like solution surrounds the thylakoids inside the chloroplasts?

Stroma

_________ is the ultimate energy for all life on earth.

Sunlight

What is the visible spectrum?

The resulting array of colors

When light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll a molecules, what happens to its electrons?

They become excited

Flattened sacs in chloroplasts are known as _________ and are _________ to each other.

Thylakoids Connected

Once these electrons become "excited", they have enough energy to do what?

To leave the chlorophyll a molecules

When would plant cells need to close or partially close their stomata

To reduce water loss

Name several autotrophic organisms

Tree, caterpillars, and birds

What gas is used by autotrophs and what gas is produced?

Used: O2 Produced: CO2

_______ provides the replacement electrons for photosystem II when water is ___________.

Water Broken down