Phycology Chp 1-8
The father of psychoanalytic theory is
Sigmund Freud
normative history-graded influences
common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances
what cultural studies compare aspects of two or more cultures
cross
what period refers to a time frame in a person's life that is characterized by certain features
developmental
The term ______ comes from the Greek word for "nation
ethnicity
what theory states that behavior is tied to evolution, is strongly affected by biological influence, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods
ethological
According to ______, the presence or absence of certain experiences is especially important during specific time frames called critical periods
ethologists
Chronological age is the only true way to measure age
false
Which of these would be an example of a cross-cultural study
A U.S. researcher compares the labor and delivery experiences of women in the United States versus Nigeria
What do both the behavioral and the social cognitive theories of development assume
Development does not occur in a stage-like fashion
Which of the following statements about ethnicity are true
Ethnicity can include race and religion, There can be diversity within ethnic groups, and Cultural heritage and language are aspects of ethnicity
Which of the following are cognitive theories of development?
Piaget's developmental theory, information-processing theory, and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
Which of the following are examples of normative age-graded influences
a 16 year old who learns how to drive, and a 90 year old who finds that her physical health is declining
The ______ processes refer to the changes in an individual's physical nature
bilogical
One thing that the information-processing theory, Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, and Piaget's developmental theory have in common is that they are all ______ theories
cognitive
What do both the behavioral and the social cognitive theories emphasize?
continuity in development
Dr. Xiong is comparing aspects of Uganda and Denmark. Her research is best described as
cross-cultural
The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span is known as
development
is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span
development
The perspective that does not rigidly believe in any one theoretical perspective but considers multiple theories and selects the best features from each is known as a(n) ______ theoretical orientation.
eclectic
The traditional approach to the study of development emphasizes the
extensive changed that occur from birth to adolescence
Which of the following are examples of biological processes that affect development
hormonal changes of puberty, weight gain, genes inherited from parents, brain development, and cardiovascular decline
By studying life-span development we learn information about ourselves, including which of the following?
how we came this way, who we are, how we will age
What method do researchers use when they need to exert significant control over what happens in their study
laboratory research
Melissa is intrigued with how people change from infancy through late adulthood, she should study ______________ development.
lifespan
Nick's mother and mother-in-law are both in their 50s and are currently both experiencing menopausal symptoms. This would be an example of a _______ influence.
normative age-graded
Events or trends (such as social or economic trends) that are common to members of a particular generation are known as ______ influences.
normative history-graded
what consists of the following steps: conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, collect research data, analyze the data, and draw conclusions
scientific method
Psychoanalytic theories of development place heavy emphasis on the role of
the unconscious
What is the goal of descriptive research
to observe and record behaviors
According to life-span experts, which of the following is true of chronological age
It is not relevant to the understanding of a person's psychological development
Dr. Booker is researching friendship patterns across childhood. She has included four groups in her study: 4-year-olds, 6-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and 10-year-olds. This is an example of
a cross-sectional study
Ethological theory stresses ______ factors, and ecological theory emphasizes ______ factors
biological; environmental
If a study is "cross-cultural," this means that it
comapres multiple cultures
What term describes the beliefs, customs, and general behavior patterns of a group of people
culture
what encompasses the behavior patterns and beliefs that are passed from generation to generation
culture
True or false: Life-span development focuses mostly on the rapid growth and development that occurs during childhood.
false
True or false: The life-span perspective involves sociocultural and individual factors, but not biological factors.
false
The roles that each of the following play in development are debated, EXCEPT
good-evil
by studying life-span development we learn information about ourselves, including which of the following
how we will age, who we are, and how we came to be this way
which of the following correctly describes the life span in the study of human development
it involves growth and change and it occurs throughout life
Which of the following are characteristics of the life-span perspective of development
multidimensional, multidirectional, and lifelong
Select the issues of development among the following
nature and nurture continuity and discontinuity stability and change
Most children in the United States start school when they are 5 or 6 years of age. This occurrence is an example of a
normative age-graded influence
the periods of development in the human life span are
produced by an interplay of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes.