Phycology Chp 1-8

The father of psychoanalytic theory is

Sigmund Freud

normative history-graded influences

common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances

what cultural studies compare aspects of two or more cultures

cross

what period refers to a time frame in a person's life that is characterized by certain features

developmental

The term ______ comes from the Greek word for "nation

ethnicity

what theory states that behavior is tied to evolution, is strongly affected by biological influence, and is characterized by critical or sensitive periods

ethological

According to ______, the presence or absence of certain experiences is especially important during specific time frames called critical periods

ethologists

Chronological age is the only true way to measure age

false

Which of these would be an example of a cross-cultural study

A U.S. researcher compares the labor and delivery experiences of women in the United States versus Nigeria

What do both the behavioral and the social cognitive theories of development assume

Development does not occur in a stage-like fashion

Which of the following statements about ethnicity are true

Ethnicity can include race and religion, There can be diversity within ethnic groups, and Cultural heritage and language are aspects of ethnicity

Which of the following are cognitive theories of development?

Piaget's developmental theory, information-processing theory, and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory

Which of the following are examples of normative age-graded influences

a 16 year old who learns how to drive, and a 90 year old who finds that her physical health is declining

The ______ processes refer to the changes in an individual's physical nature

bilogical

One thing that the information-processing theory, Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, and Piaget's developmental theory have in common is that they are all ______ theories

cognitive

What do both the behavioral and the social cognitive theories emphasize?

continuity in development

Dr. Xiong is comparing aspects of Uganda and Denmark. Her research is best described as

cross-cultural

The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span is known as

development

is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span

development

The perspective that does not rigidly believe in any one theoretical perspective but considers multiple theories and selects the best features from each is known as a(n) ______ theoretical orientation.

eclectic

The traditional approach to the study of development emphasizes the

extensive changed that occur from birth to adolescence

Which of the following are examples of biological processes that affect development

hormonal changes of puberty, weight gain, genes inherited from parents, brain development, and cardiovascular decline

By studying life-span development we learn information about ourselves, including which of the following?

how we came this way, who we are, how we will age

What method do researchers use when they need to exert significant control over what happens in their study

laboratory research

Melissa is intrigued with how people change from infancy through late adulthood, she should study ______________ development.

lifespan

Nick's mother and mother-in-law are both in their 50s and are currently both experiencing menopausal symptoms. This would be an example of a _______ influence.

normative age-graded

Events or trends (such as social or economic trends) that are common to members of a particular generation are known as ______ influences.

normative history-graded

what consists of the following steps: conceptualize a process or problem to be studied, collect research data, analyze the data, and draw conclusions

scientific method

Psychoanalytic theories of development place heavy emphasis on the role of

the unconscious

What is the goal of descriptive research

to observe and record behaviors

According to life-span experts, which of the following is true of chronological age

It is not relevant to the understanding of a person's psychological development

Dr. Booker is researching friendship patterns across childhood. She has included four groups in her study: 4-year-olds, 6-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and 10-year-olds. This is an example of

a cross-sectional study

Ethological theory stresses ______ factors, and ecological theory emphasizes ______ factors

biological; environmental

If a study is "cross-cultural," this means that it

comapres multiple cultures

What term describes the beliefs, customs, and general behavior patterns of a group of people

culture

what encompasses the behavior patterns and beliefs that are passed from generation to generation

culture

True or false: Life-span development focuses mostly on the rapid growth and development that occurs during childhood.

false

True or false: The life-span perspective involves sociocultural and individual factors, but not biological factors.

false

The roles that each of the following play in development are debated, EXCEPT

good-evil

by studying life-span development we learn information about ourselves, including which of the following

how we will age, who we are, and how we came to be this way

which of the following correctly describes the life span in the study of human development

it involves growth and change and it occurs throughout life

Which of the following are characteristics of the life-span perspective of development

multidimensional, multidirectional, and lifelong

Select the issues of development among the following

nature and nurture continuity and discontinuity stability and change

Most children in the United States start school when they are 5 or 6 years of age. This occurrence is an example of a

normative age-graded influence

the periods of development in the human life span are

produced by an interplay of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes.