PHYSICS FINAL
A steel ball is attached to a string and is swung in a circular path in a horizontal plane. At point P indicated in the figure, the string suddenly breaks near the ball. If these events were observed directly above as in the figure, which bath worth the ball most closely follow?
B (the second line from the left)
The power required to exert 5-N force over 4 meters in 2 seconds is A) 6 w B) 10 W C) 4 W D) 8 W E) none of the above
B) 10 W
If a freely falling object were equipped with a speedometer on a planet where the acceleration due to gravity is 60 m/s^2 then its speed reading would increase each second by A) 40 m/s B) 60 m/s C) 30 m/s D 50 m/s E) depends on its initial speed
B) 60 m/s
Centrifugal forces are A) forces that are radially inward that cause object to follow circular paths B) centripetal forces with the direction of the force vector flipped C) apparent forces caused by inertia that feels like a radially outward force D) forces that act radially outward on a rotating object
C) apparent forces caused by inertia that feels like a radially outward force
An apple has a weight of 1 N at the surface of the earth. What is the weight of the apple if it was not at the surface, but rather at one earth radii above the surface? A) 1/2 N B) 4 N C) 1/4 N D) 2 N
C) 1/4 N
A wheel rotates with an angular speed of 6 radians per second and it has a radius of 2 meters. What is the linear speed of a bug located on the outer radius of this wheel? A) 6 m/s B) 3 m/s C) 12 m/s D) 2 m/s
C) 12 m/s
You toss a ball and it makes a curved path. At the instant that the ball leaves your hand it has a velocity which has a horizontal component of 40 m/s and a versical component of 20 m/s. How far from you does the ball land? Neglect air resistance. A) 800 m B) 180 m C) 160 m D) 70 m
C) 160 m
A motorboat that normally travels at 40 km/h in still water heads directly across a 30-km/h flowing river. the resulting speed of the boat is about A) 10 km/h B) 70 km/h C) 50 km/h D) 80 km/h
C) 50 km/h
A river 50 m wide flows due south at 1 m/s. A boat travels 1 m/s relative to the water is pointed due east as it crosses from the west bank. The boat reaches the east bank A )100 m farther south B) due east of its starting point C) 50 m farther south D) none
C) 50 m farther south
The first estimate of the size of the moon and the first written record for the sun-centered cosmos are attributed to A) Copernicus B) Einstein C) Aristarchus D) Newton
C) Aristarchus
A 6 W LED produces the same amount of light as a 60 W incandescent light bulb. If both are left on for one day we find that
C) The LED uses one tenth the energy as compared to the incandescent bulb and produces the same light because it is more efficient
The air of the atmosphere is best described as A) a compound B) one kind molecule C) a mixture D) an isotope
C) a mixture
Galileo discovered that when air resistance can be neglected, all objects fall with the same ______ A) inertia due to their mass B) energy of motion C) acceleration due to gravity D) momentum
C) acceleration due to gravity
A 3 kg mass at the Earth's surface weighs A) 30 N B) 3 N C) 10 N D) 3.3 N E) none
A) 30 N
A 2 kilogram block is pushed across a horizontal surface with a horizontal force of 20 N against a friction force of 10 N. The acceleration of the block is A) 5m/s^2 B) 10 m/s^2 C) 1 m/s^2 D) 2 m/s^2 E) none
A) 5 m/s^2
The Greek mathematician Eratosthenes made observations of sunlight striking water in the bottom of a well and also shadows cast in neighboring town to find the size of A) Earth B) the water well C) The Sun D) a tall statue
A) Earth
A watermelon falls off a truck that is moving at 60 mph. Neglecting air resistance, the horizontal speed of the melon just before it hits the ground is A) about 60 mph B) zero C) much less than 60 mph but a little more than zero D) much more than 60 mph
A) about 60 mph
Two metal balls are the same size but one weighs twice as much as the other. The balls are dropped from the roof of a single story building at the same instant of time. Neglect air resistance. The time it takes the balls to reach the ground below will be: A) about the same for both balls B) about half as long for the heavier ball as for the lighter one C) about half as long for the lighter ball as for the heavier one D) considerably less for the heavier ball, but not necessarily half as long E) considerable less for the lighter
A) about the same for both balls
When the curve of a vertical structure matches the inverted image of a drooping chain held at both ends, the curve is called A) catenary B) hyperbola C) parabola
A) catenary
The cosmos is comprised mostly of A) Dark Energy B) compounds and mixtures made of elements in the periodic table C) dark matter D) anti-matter
A) dark energy
Suzie Skydiver jumps from a high-flying plane. As her velocity of fall increases, her acceleration A) decreases B) increases C) remained unchanged regardless of air resistance
A) decreases
The unit kilowatt-hour is a unit of A) energy B) time C momentum D) power
A) energy
Consider a rocket set to launch on a launch pad. When a rocket forces exhaust gases downward, the exhaust gases A) exert an upward force on the rocket B) play no further role in the motion of the rocket C) as the name implies, soon exhaust their influence
A) exert an upward force on the rocket
An isotope is simply an atom that A) has different numbers of neutrons for the same element B) is electrically charged C) both of these D) neither
A) has different numbers of neutrons for the same element
A sky driver jumps from a plane and deploys a parachute. When the skydiver reaches terminal velocity the magnitude of the force that is the weight of the sky diver A) is equal in magnitude to the force of the air drag but in opposite direction B) is less than the magnitude of the force of air drag but is in the opposite direction C) is greater than the magnitude of the force of air drag and is in the same direction D) is greater than the magnitude of the force of air drag but in the opposite direction
A) is equal in magnitude to the force of the air drag but in opposite direction
Galileo taught us that if you roll a ball along a level surface it will A) keep rolling is friction is absent B) roll as long as its inertia nudges it along C) soon slow down due to its natural place D) soon roll in the opposite direction
A) keep rolling is friction is absent
The weight of a full liter jug of water (like a smart water bottle) on the surface of the moon is A) less than it is here on the surface of earth B) more than it is here on the surface of earth C) the same as it is here on the surface of earth D) is currently unknown
A) less than it is here on the surface of earth
Two identical space crafts move at different speeds. The faster craft has four times the speed and therefore has A) sixteen times the kinetic energy B) four times the kinetic energy C) eight times the kinetic energy D) none of the above
A) sixteen times the kinetic energy
If air resistance is neglected, a stone dropped from the roof of a single story building to the surface of the earth A) speeds up because of an almost constant force of gravity acting upon it B) fall because of the natural tendency of all objects to rest on the surface of earth C) reaches a max speed quite soon after release and then falls at a constant speed there after D) falls because of the combined effects of the force of gravity pushing it downward and the force of the air pushing it downward E) speeds up as it falls because the gravitational attraction gets considerably stronger as the stone gets closer to the earth
A) speeds up because of an almost constant force of gravity acting upon it
When a cannonball is fired from a cannon, which undergoes the greater acceleration? A) the cannonball B) the recoiling cannon C) both the same
A) the cannonball
Rotational Inertia depends upon A) the mass of the object and the distribution of the mass about the axis of rotation B) the total mass of the object only C) the angular rotational speed D) the tangential velocity of each point on the object
A) the mass of the object and the distribution of the mass about the axis of rotation
Compared to a bar of gold, the density of a pure gold ring is A) the same B) slightly more C) much more D) less
A) the same
In Physics we seek A) to describe nature and understand it's rules B) create theories that will never change in time C) defy the laws of nature, for example we seek to defy gravity D) to understand how a ball falls to earth because physics is not diverse-- it is limited to motion of objects in the presence of gravity
A) to describe nature and understand it's rules
Two billiard balls having the same mass and speed roll toward each other. What is their combined momentum after they meet? A) zero B)twice the sum of their original momentum C) half the sum of their original momentums D) need more info
A) zero
Which of the following is an example of Aristotelian thinking? A) Friction is just a force that acts on an object and can cause a moving object to come to rest B) Heavy objects are hard to move and come to rest quickly. Earth is so heavy it does not move and is consequently stationary at the center of the cosmos C) In the absence of air resistance of air resistance a heavy ball and light ball will have the same acceleration due to gravity near the surface of earth D) An object in motion will stay in motion if no net forces act on it
B) Heavy objects are hard to move and come to rest quickly. Earth is so heavy it does not move and is consequently stationary at the center of the cosmos
How does the greenhouse effect work? What is the physics?
B) The Sun warms the ground, which causes the ground to radiate in info-red wavelengths that are strongly absorbed by carbon dioxide and other green house gases, causing the lower atmosphere to warm
Your physics teacher fired a steel ball with a velocity of 3 m/s in the horizontal direction. At the same time she dropped a similar steel ball from the same height. Which one hit the ground first and why? neglect air resistance. A) the ball dropped reaches the ground first because it has less distance to travel B) They both hit at the same time as the force of gravity is the same for both and only acts in the vertical direction C) it could be either ball, as in free fall the acceleration depends upon the mass of the ball always D) the ball fired in the horizontal direction reaches the ground first as it has a greater starting velocity
B) They both hit at the same time as the force of gravity is the same for both and only acts in the vertical direction
In regard to atoms that make up ordinary matter, which of the following is NOT true? A) atoms of an element can have different numbers f electrons B) We know of more than 1000 distinct elements that make up ordinary matter C) atoms are in perpetual motion D) the lightest and most abundant atom is hydrogen
B) We know of more than 1000 distinct elements that make up ordinary matter
If several balls are thrown straight up with different initial speeds, the quantity that will have the same value along their paths is their A) time of travel B) acceleration C) initial momentum D) max height E) none
B) acceleration
If an astronaut landed on a planet composed of antimatter, there would be an explosion and the A) astronaut would annihilate B) astronaut and an equal about of planet antimatter would both annihilate C) planet would annihilate
B) astronaut and an equal about of planet antimatter would both annihilate
Why can we not use powerful optical microscopes using visible wavelengths to see individual atoms? A) atoms are clear and light passes right through them B) atoms are much smaller than the wavelength of visible light C) atoms vibrate so fast that the microscope can not focus on them and hence they look faux and out of focus D) atoms are transparent to visible light and do not interact with light
B) atoms are much smaller than the wavelength of visible light
When an object is partly or wholly immersed in a liquid, it is buoyed up A) by a force equal to its own weight B) by a force equal to the weight of liquid displaced C) and floats accord with Archimedes' principle D) all of the above E) none of the above
B) by a force equal to the weight of the liquid displaced
A cannon recoils while firing a cannonball. The speed of the cannon's recoil is relatively small because the A) momentum is mainly concentrated in the cannonball B) cannon has much more mass than the cannonball C) force against the cannon is smaller than against the ball D) momentum of the cannon is smaller
B) cannon has much more mass than the cannonball
As a fluid gains speed, it's internal pressure A) increases B) decreases C) remains unchanged
B) decreases
A ball tossed vertically upward rises, reaches its highest point, and then fall back to its starting point. During this time the acceleration of the ball is always A) opposite of it's velocity B) directed downward C) directed upward D) in the direction of motion E) none of the above
B) directed downward
7) Student "a" has a mass of 95 kg and student "b" has a mass of 77 kg. They sit in identical office chairs facing each other. Student "a" places his bare feet on the knees of student "b". Student "a" suddenly pushes outward with his feet, causing both chairs to move. During the push while the students are still in contact with one another A) student "a" exerts force on student "b" but "b" does not exert any force on "a" B) each student exerts the same amount of force on the other but in opposite directions c) neither student exerts a force on the other D) each student exert force on the other, but "a" exerts the larger force E) each student exert force on the other, but "b" exerts the larger force
B) each student exerts the same amount of force on the other but in opposite directions
In considering the work-energy theorem, the work done on an object by a net force is always A) equal to the objects change n acceleration B) equal to the objects change in kinetic energy C) equal to the objects change in velocity D) equal to the objects change in momentum
B) equal to the objects change in kinetic energy
Whether a truck comes to a stop by crashing into a haystack or a brick wall, the stopping force is A) greater with the haystack B) greater with the brick wall C) both the same
B) greater with the brick wall
An impulse can be increased by A) decreasing the force and maintaining time interval B) increasing the force and/ or increasing the time interval C) decreasing the force and decreasing the time interval D) maintaining the force and decreasing the time interval
B) increasing the force and/ or increasing the time interval
A kilogram is a measure of an object's A) force B) mass C) both D) neither
B) mass
A same-size iron ball and wooden ball are dropped simultaneously from a tower and reach the ground at the same time. The iron ball has a greater A) acceleration B) momentum C) speed D) all of the above E) none of the above
B) momentum
The momentum of a system will remain unchanged A) only if the force acting on the objects in the system is gravity as conservation of momentum applies only to systems under the influence of the force of gravity B) only if you choose the system so that there are no external forces acting on it. All action/reaction forces are acting on objects inside the system C) only if you choose the system so that there are no forces of any kind acting on any of the components of the system D) only if you choose the system to contain objects exerting action forces and no reaction forces
B) only if you choose the system so that there are no external forces acting on it. All action/reaction forces are acting on objects inside the system
Compared with falling on a stone floor, a wine glass may not break when it falls on a carpeted floor because the A) carpeted floor provides a smaller impulse B) stopping time is longer on the carpet C) stopping time is shorter on the carpet D) carpet provides a smaller impulse and a longtime
B) stopping time is longer on the carpet
If you exert a net torque on an object you will find that A) the object will increase or decrease it rotational inertia B) the object may speed up or slow down its rotation rate C) the object will increase or decrease its linear speed as it travels in a straight line D) the object will rotate at a constant speed
B) the object may speed up or slow down its rotation rate
Why do we say that a blob of putty is inelastic A) its made of rubber B) When deformed, it does not return to it's original shape C) When deformed, it does return to it's original shape D) It obeys Hooke's law
B) when deformed, it does not return to its original shape
A greater that is scaled up in size, keeping it's proportions A) will be stronger relative to its greater weight B) will be weaker relative to its greater weight C) both of these D) neither
B) will be weaker relative to its greater weight
When a vertically falling firecracker bursts, the vector sum of momentum fragments A) in the horizontal direction cancels to zero B) in the vertical direction equals the momentum of the firecracker before bursting C) both of these D) neither of these
C) both of these
Whether a truck comes to a stop by crashing into a haystack or a brick wall, the impulse is A) greater with the haystack B) greater with the brick wall C) both the same
C) both the same
A simple machine like a pulley may do all of the following except A) can reduce the amount of force required to lift an object B) change the direction of forces exerted C) create energy D) transform energy from one kind to another
C) create energy
The force that propels a cannonball when fired from a cannon is: A) huge compared to the recoil force on the cannon B) in some cases, equal and opposite to the force the ball exerts on the cannon C) equal and opposite to the force the ball exerts on the cannon
C) equal and opposite to the force the ball exerts on the cannon
Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? A) carbon B) aluminum C) gold D) copper
C) gold
An objects weight is properly expressed in units of A) meters B) cubic centimeters C) newtons D) kilograms
C) newtons
Which of the following is NOT a charateristic of a scientific hypothesis? A) it is only presumed to be factual after supported by experiment B) there must be a doable test for wrongness C) once proved correct by one experiment, it can never be proved wrong by any experiment D) it is an educated guess
C) once proved correct by one experiment, it can never be proved wrong by any experiment
A seesaw is balanced with the fulcrum at it's midpoint. If a 3 kg weight is placed one meter from the fulcrum on one side, where would you need to place a 6 kg weight on the opposite side in order to balance the seesaw again? A) one meter from the fulcrum B) two meters from the fulcrum C) one half meter from the fulcrum D) 6 meters from the fulcrum
C) one half meter from the fulcrum
According to Newton, when the distance between two interacting object triples ( which means the distance is multiplied by 3), the gravitational force is A) the same B) one-quarter C) one ninth as much D) three times as much E) on third
C) one ninth as much
A blue railroad car of mass m rolls at a certain speed and makes a perfectly inelastic collision with an orange car that has twice the mass and is at rest. After the collision, what is the speed of the coupled cars? A) three times the speed of the blue car before collision B) one fourth the speed of the blue car before collision C) one third the speed of the blue car before collision D) zero
C) one third the speed of the blue car before collision
As a huge rotating cloud of particles in space gravitate together forming an increasingly dense ball, it shrinks in size and A) rotates slower B) rotates at the same speed C) rotates faster D) cannot rotates
C) rotates faster
What does it mean for a gas to be a green house gas? A) it is any gas in the atmosphere as all gases absorb light from the sun B) the gas is in a greenhouse and it absorbs oxygen that is produced by plants C) the gas is in the atmosphere and it strongly absorbs infrared radiation D) the gas is in the mesosphere and it must contain ozone and it absorbs ultraviolet light from the sun
C) the gas is in the atmosphere and it strongly absorbs infrared radiation
A light woman and a heavy man jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will get to a state of zero acceleration first? A) the heavy man B) both should arrive at the same time C) the light woman D) not enough info
C) the light woman
In considering the work energy theorem, when negative net work is done on an object we find A) the object speeds up B) the object does not change its speed C) the object slows down D) this is impossible because work can not be negative-only positive
C) the object slows down
Compared to the density of water, the density of a stationary fish in the middle of a pond is A) more B) less C) the same
C) the same
Two objects have the same mass and radius. One is a hoop and the other is a solid cylinder. If you race the two objects down an incline neglecting air resistance, which do you expect to reach the bottom of the incline first? A) They will both reach the bottom of the incline at the same time because they have the same radius so they will roll the same B) the hoop because it has the lower rotational inertia and so it will have the greater acceleration C) the solid cylinder because it has a lower rotational inertia and so it will have the greater acceleration D) they will both reach the bottom of the incline at the same time because they have the same mass
C) the solid cylinder because it has a lower rotational inertia and so it will have the greater acceleration
If you triple your speed, how does that change your stopping distance if all other conditions remain the same? Do not consider your reaction time. A) The stopping distance is 3 times as long B) The stopping distance is the same regardless of your speed C) The stopping distance is 9 times as long D) The stopping distance is one third as long
C) the stopping distance is 9 times as long
An object has the shape of a cube and it is fully submersed in water. If the direction of gravity is downward, then best explanation of why the buoyant force acts upward on the submerged cube is because A) the weight of the object is an upward force when the object us fully submersed in water B) the water pressure against the top of the cub us greater than the water pressure against its bottom C) the water pressure against the bottom of the cube bottom is grater than the water pressure against it's top D) the weight of the fluid displaced is an upward gravitational force
C) the water pressure against the bottom of the cube bottom is greater than the water pressure against it's top
Where do naturally occurring elements heavier than boron come from? A) they were made by the sun B) they are made by plants as plants are at the bottom of the food chain C) they are made by stars in nuclear fusion and supernova events D) they were made by the earth billion of years ago
C) they are made by stars in nuclear fusion and supernova events
The mass of a big fish is 4 times that a little fish. The speed of the little fish is 5 km/hr, and the big fish is at rest. If the little fish swims into the mouth of the big fish, what is the speed of the big fish after his fish dinner? A) 5 km/hr B) 21.5 km/hr C) 0 D) 1 km/hr
D) 1 km/hr
The time it takes a car to attain a speed of 100 m/s when accelerating from rest at 5 m/s^2 is A) 2 s B) 500 s C) 15 s D) 20 s E) none of the above
D) 20 s
The mass of a ball moving at 12 m/s with a momentum of 48 kg m/s is A) 576 kg B) 12 kg C) 24 kg D) 4 kg E) none of these
D) 4 kg
A round stone of mass 2 kilogram is dropped off a bridge over a river and falls for 2 seconds before reaching the water. Its momentum upon hitting the water is A) 4 kg m/s B) 2,000 kg m/s C) 120 kg m/s D) 40 kg m/s E) 400 kg m/s
D) 40 kg m/s
An 800-N man stands at rest on two bathroom scales so that his weight is distributed evenly over both scales. The reading on each scale is: A) 1200 N B)800 N C) 200 N D) 400 N
D) 400 N
The distance a freely falling object falls from rest in three seconds here on earth is A) 10 m B) 15 m C) 20 m D) 45 m
D) 45 m
A ball starting from rest at the to of an inclined plane accelerates at 4m/s^2 and reaches the bottom of the plane in 6 seconds. What is the length of the plane? A) 48 m B) 24 m C) 9 m D) 72 m
D) 72 m
Which of the following is TRUE about drinking water from a straw
D) Air pressure pushes water up the straw so the straw can only be at most 10.3 in height
What is the significance of the famous apple story that is associate with Isaac Newton?
D) It was Newtons genius to connect the physics that explains why the apple falls under the force of gravity is the same physics that explains why the moon orbits or why the international space station obits earth--it is in free fall
In Einstein's theory of Gravitation, we understand the gravitational field A) As forces that exist between two objects B) as constant in strength where as forces diminish with square of the distance C) as action reaction pairs that exist between two objects D) as a warping of space-time by a massive object
D) as a warping of space-time by a massive object
How does the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline substance differ from the arrangement in a noncrystalline (amorphous) substance? A) atoms in crystals are located in a cubic array. In amorphous materials, they are hexagonal B) Atoms in crystals are closer together than atoms in amorphous materials C) atoms in amorphous materials are in an ordered array. In crystals, they are randomly distributed D) atoms in crystals are in an ordered array with longer range order. In amorphous materials, they have only short range order
D) atoms in crystals are in an ordered array with longer range order. In amorphous materials, they have only short range order
Which of the following are considered greenhouse gases? A) molecular oxygen and molecular nitrogen B) atomic hydrogen and atomic helium C) argon and neon D) carbon dioxide and water vapor
D) carbon dioxide and water vapor
A woman exerts a constant horizontal force on a large box. As a result, the box moves across a horizontal floor at a constant speed v0 The constant horizontal force applied by the woman: A) is greater than the total force which resists the motion of the box B) has the same magnitude as the weight of the box C) is greater than the weight of the box D) has the same magnitude as the total force which resists the motion of t]he box E) is greater than either the weight of the box or the total force which resists it's motion
D) has the same magnitude as the total force which resists the motion of the box
When you flick a card from beneath a coin that hardly moves, you're illustrating A) friction B) support force C) equilibrium D) inertia
D) inertia
Whenever the net force on an object is zero its acceleration A) may be less than zero B) is directly proportional to the mass C) may be more than zero D) is zero
D) is zero
Which of the following requires the most mechanical work? A) lifting a 2 kg bottle of water a vertical distance of 2 m B) lifting a 0.1 kg apple a vertical distance of 2 m C) holding a 10 kg sack stationary at a height of 15 m D) lifting a 10 kg sack a vertical distance of 1 m
D) lifting a 10 kg sack a vertical distance of 1 m
Which of the following is not true in regard to the nature of science? A) results must be reputable to be accepted by the professional community B) measurements are used to make results clear C) knowledge is advanced through experimentation and observation D) scientist only accept experimental results if they are what they expect or hope to find out because otherwise it is likely that something was done wrong
D) scientist only accept experimental results if they are what they expect or hope to find out because otherwise it is likely that something was done wrong
You toss a ball upward with an initial, velocity of 30 m/s. Neglect air resistance. After 3 seconds you find that A) the velocity is 10 m/s downward and the acceleration is 10 m/s/s downward B) the velocity is zero and the acceleration is zero C) the velocity is 10 m/s downward and the acceleration is 10 m/s downward D) the velocity is zero and the acceleration is 10 m/s downward
D) the velocity is zero and the acceleration is 10 m/s downward
Nellie pulls with a force of 20 N on a horizontal rope tied to a tree at rest. The net force on the rope is A) zero and rope tension is also zero B) 20 N and rope tension is 0 N C) 20 N and rope tension is also 20 N D) zero and rope tension is 20 N
D) zero and rope tension is 0
The famous Leaning Tower of Pisa doesn't topple over because its center of gravity is A) in the same place as its center of mass B) relatively low for such a tall building C) displaced from its center D) stabilized by its structure E) above a place of support
E) above a place of support
A light aluminum ball and a heavy lead ball of the same size roll down an incline. When they are halfway down the incline, the heavy lead ball will have greater A) kinetic energys B) inertias C) momentum D) potential energies E) all of the above
E) all of the above
An automobile is accelerating when it is A) turning a curve at a constant speed B) turning a curve while speeding up C) slowing down D) speeding up E) all of the above
E) all of the above
A force acts on an object for a period of time and sets it in motion. Which of the following is TRUE?
The force multiplied by the time is the impulse or change in momentum and the force multiplied by the distance is the work done by the force
