physics final conceptual

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) A hydrogen atom consists of a proton and an electron. If the orbital radius of the electron increases, the electric potential energy of the electron due to the proton A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same. D) depends on the zero point of the potential.

) Four point charges of equal magnitudes but with varying signs are arranged on three of the corners and at the center of the square of side d as shown in the figure. Which one of the arrows shown represents the net force acting on the center charge? A) A B) B C) C D) D (image, 17)

) If a quantity you calculated has units of (kg(m^2)/s^2*C) , what is that quantity? A) potential B) resistivity C) resistance D) capacitance E) charge

41) A vertical wire carries a current straight up in a region where the magnetic field vector points toward the north. What is the direction of the magnetic force on this wire? A) downward B) toward the north C) toward the east D) toward the west E) upward F) toward the south

The electric potential at a distance of 4 m from a certain point charge is 200 V relative to infinity. What is the potential (relative to infinity) at a distance of 2 m from the same charge? A) 200 V B) 50 V C) 400 V D) 100 V E) 600 V

Three equal negative point charges -q are placed at three of the corners of a square of side d as shown in the figure. Which one of the arrows shown represents the direction of the net electric field at the center of the square? A) A B) B C) C D) D image 7

Two equal and opposite charges are a small distance apart, forming an electric dipole. A positive charge +q is placed above these charges, as shown in the figure, equidistant from both of them. Which diagram below best gives the direction of the net force the dipole exerts on the charge +q? (image, 22)

Two ideal parallel-plate capacitors are identical in every respect except that one has twice the plate area of the other. If the smaller capacitor has capacitance C, the larger one has capacitance A) C/2. B) C. C) 2C. D) 4C.

Two identical small charged spheres are a certain distance apart, and each one initially experiences an electrostatic force of magnitude F due to the other. With time, charge gradually diminishes on both spheres by leaking off. When each of the spheres has lost half its initial charge, what will be the magnitude of the electrostatic force on each one? A) 1/16 F B) 1/8 F C) 1/4 F D) 1/2 F E) 1/ F

Two small identically charged balls are a certain distance apart. The vectors in the figure show the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic force on each ball due to the other one. Suppose that the charge on the left ball is now doubled (represented by two plus signs). Which vector diagram below best represents the forces that now act on each of the two balls? (image, 23)

Two tiny beads are 25 cm apart with no other charges or fields present. Bead A carries 10 µC of charge and bead B carries 1 µC. Which one of the following statements is true about the magnitudes of the electric forces on these beads? A) The force on A is 10 times the force on B. B) The force on B is 10 times the force on A. C) The force on A is exactly equal to the force on B. D) The force on A is 100 times the force on B. E) The force on B is 100 times the force on A

When current is flowing in an ordinary metal wire, the magnitude of the average velocity of the electrons is closest to A) 10 m/s. B) the speed of light. C) 1 mm/s. D) 1 km/s. E) 1 m/s.

When the current through a resistor is increased by a factor of 4, the power dissipated by the resistor A) decreases by a factor of 4. B) decreases by a factor of 16. C) increases by a factor of 16. D) increases by a factor of 4. E) increases by a factor of 2.

When unequal resistors are connected in series across an ideal battery, A) the same power is dissipated in each one. B) the potential difference across each is the same. C) the current flowing in each is the same. D) the equivalent resistance of the circuit is less than that of the smallest resistor. E) the equivalent resistance of the circuit is equal to the average of all the resistances.

Which one of the following quantities is equivalent to 1 W? A) 1 V/A B) 1 Ω ∙ m C) 1 V ∙ A D) 1 V/Ω E) 1 A ∙ s

You are given a copper bar of dimensions 3 cm × 5 cm × 8 cm and asked to attach leads to it in order to make a resistor. If you want to achieve the smallest possible resistance, you should attach the leads to the opposite faces that measure A) 3 cm × 5 cm. B) 3 cm × 8 cm. C) 5 cm × 8 cm. D) Any pair of faces produces the same resistance

Two very small plastic balls of equal mass are released from rest. One of them carries +10 µC of excess charge and the other one carries +1µC of charge. No other charges or fields are present. Which of the following statements are true about them as they move away from each other? (There may be more than one correct choice.) A) The acceleration of the 10-µC ball is 10 times that of the 1-µC ball. B) The acceleration of the 1-µC ball is 10 times that of the 10-µC ball. C) The balls always have accelerations of equal magnitude. D) The speed of the balls keeps increasing. E) The acceleration of the balls keeps increasing.

C,D

(image, 5) X and Y are two initially uncharged metal spheres on insulating stands, and they are in contact with each other. A positively charged rod R is brought close to X as shown in part (a) of the figure. Sphere Y is now moved away from X, as shown in part (b). What are the final charge states of X and Y? A) Both X and Y are neutral. B) X is positive and Y is neutral. C) X is neutral and Y is positive. D) X is negative and Y is positive. E) Both X and Y are negative.

) If the result of your calculations for a quantity has SI units of C2 ∙ s2/(kg ∙ m2), that quantity could be A) an electric potential difference. B) a dielectric constant. C) an electric field strength. D) a capacitance. E) an electric potential energy

) Which of the following will increase the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) a decrease in the plate area and an increase in the plate separation B) a decrease in the potential difference between the plates C) an increase in the potential difference between the plates D) an increase in the plate area and a decrease in the plate separation E) an increase in the charge on the plates

) As shown in the figure, a straight wire carries a steady current I. A metal bar is in contact with a pair of rails and is in upward motion with velocity of magnitude ν. The polarity of the induced emf in terminals X and Y is A) X and Y are at the same potential. B) X is positive and Y is negative. C) Y is positive and X is negative.

33) The magnetic quantum number m1 can have any integer value ranging from A) -n to +n. B) -ℓ to +ℓ. C) 0 to n. D) 0 to ℓ. E) 0 to (n-1)

34) A convex lens has focal length f. If an object is placed at a distance beyond 2f from the lens on the principal axis, the image is located at a distance from the lens A) of 2f. B) between f and 2f. C) of f. D) between the lens and f. E) of infinity.

36) As shown in the figure, one end of a metal bar is in contact with a circular rail and the other end is pivoted at P. A steady uniform, magnetic field B into the page is present. As the bar rotates about point P in a clockwise direction, the direction of the induced current through the resistor R is A) from a to b. B) from b to a. C) No current is induced.

37) A radioactive isotope of atomic number Z emits a beta-minus particle, and then the daughter nucleus emits a gamma ray. What is the atomic number of the resulting nucleus after both processes? A) Z - 1 B) Z + 1 C) Z - 2 D) Z - 3

39) Consider ground-state helium having two electrons in orbit. If one of the electrons has quantum numbers (n, ℓl, m1, ms) of 1, 0, 0, -1/2 respectively, the quantum numbers for the other electron will be A) 1, 1, 0, -1/2. B) 1, 0, 0, +1/2. C) 1, 1, 1, +1/2. D) none of the given answers.

39) The atom 223 87 Fr decays to 223 88 Ra by emitting what kind of nuclear radiation? A) alpha B) beta-minus C) beta-plus D) gamma E) x-rays.

4) As the temperature of a blackbody increases, what happens to the peak wavelength of the light it radiates? A) It gets longer. B) It gets shorter. C) The wavelength is not affected by the temperature of the object

4) One of Einstein's postulates in formulating the special theory of relativity was that the laws of physics are the same in reference frames that A) accelerate. B) move at constant velocity with respect to an inertial frame. C) oscillate. D) are stationary, but not in moving frames.

4) The main reason that there is a limit to the size of a stable nucleus is A) the limited range of the gravitational force. B) the short range nature of the strong nuclear force. C) the weakness of the gravitational force. D) the weakness of the electrostatic force.

41) A transformer is a device that normally A) operates on either dc or ac. B) operates only on ac. C) operates only on dc.

43) If the primary coil of a transformer contains more loops than the secondary coil then it is a A) step-up transformer. B) step-down transformer

43) Isotope A has a decay constant of 0.723 s-1 and isotope B has a decay constant of 0.514 s-1. Which isotope has a longer half-life? A) isotope A B) isotope B

46) The image formed by a single concave lens A) is always real. B) is always virtual. C) could be real or virtual, depending on whether the object distance is smaller or greater than the focal length. D) could be real or virtual, but is always real when the object is placed at the focal point. E) is always inverted.

5) All nuclei of a given element have the same number of A) neutrons. B) protons. C) nucleons. D) protons + neutrons.

5) Two identical metal bars are heated up until they are both glowing. One of them is "red hot" and the other is "blue hot." Which one is hotter, the one that glows red or the one that glows blue? A) the red one B) the blue one C) We cannot tell without knowing more about the two bars.

51) Nearsightedness is usually corrected with A) converging lenses. B) diverging lenses. C) convex mirrors. D) cylindrical lenses. E) concave mirrors.

55) The chief hazard of radiation damage to living cells is A) due to heating. B) due to ionization. C) due to the creation of chemical impurities. D) the creation of new isotopes within the body. E) the creation of radioactive material within the body

56) A simple compound microscope normally uses A) a short focal length objective and a shorter focal length eyepiece. B) a short focal length objective and a longer focal length eyepiece. C) a long focal length objective and a shorter focal length eyepiece. D) a very long focal length objective and a longer focal length eyepiece.

56) The main fuel for producing energy in the center of the sun is A) helium. B) hydrogen. C) uranium. D) any radioactive material. E) oxygen.

58) A long straight wire carrying a 4-A current is placed along the x-axis as shown in the figure. What is the direction of the magnetic field at a point P due to this wire? A) into the plane of the page B) out of the plane of the page C) along the -x-axis D) along the +x-axis E) along the +y-axis

58) Jack and Mary view the same microorganism through the same compound microscope. Mary's near point distance, NM, is twice as large as Jack's near point distance, NJ. If Mary sees the microorganism with magnification MM, with what magnification does Jack see it? A) 2 MM B) MM/2 C) 4 MM D) MM/4 E) 8 MM

7) If the diameter of a radar dish is doubled, what happens to its resolving power assuming that all other factors remain unchanged? A) The resolving power quadruples. B) The resolving power doubles. C) The resolving power is cut in half. D) The resolving power is reduced to one-quarter its original value.

9) If the maximum possible accuracy in measuring the position of a particle increases, the maximum possible accuracy in measuring its velocity will A) increase. B) decrease. C) not be affected.

9) The atomic number and mass number for calcium-39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many neutrons are in one atom? A) 1 B) 19 C) 20 D) 39 E) 59

1) Which one of the following sets of characteristics describes the image formed by a plane mirror? A) real and inverted B) real and upright C) virtual and upright D) virtual and inverted E) virtual and larger than the object

11) Observer A sees a ruler moving by in a relativistic rocket and measures its length to be LA. Observer B moves along with the rocket and measures the length of the ruler to be LB. What is true about these two length measurements? A) LA > LB B) LA = LB C) LA < LB D) LA could be greater or smaller than LB depending on the direction of the motion.

11) The focal length of a convex mirror is has a magnitude of 20 cm. What is its radius of curvature? A) -10 cm B) 40 cm C) -40 cm D) -20 cm E) 20 cm

12) For an electromagnetic wave in free space having an electric field of amplitude E and a magnetic field of amplitude B, the ratio of B/E is equal to A) c B) c2 C) 1/c D) 1/c2 E)

14) The neutron is made up of which one of the following quark combinations (up, down, strange, charm, top, bottom)? A) uud B) ddu C) udd D) ttb E) bst

15) A really high-speed train moves in a direction parallel to its length with a speed that approaches the speed of light. The length of the train, as measured by a stationary observer on the ground, A) approaches infinity. B) increases due to the motion. C) decreases due to the motion. D) is not affected by the motion.

15) The Balmer series is formed by electron transitions in hydrogen that A) end on the n = 1 shell. B) begin on the n = 1 shell. C) end on the n = 2 shell. D) begin on the n = 2 shell. E) are between the n = 1 and n = 3 shells.

18) In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit through which light passes is reduced. What happens to the width of the central bright fringe in the resulting diffraction pattern? A) It stays the same. B) It becomes narrower. C) It becomes wider.

) If the current flowing through a circuit of constant resistance is doubled, the power dissipated by that circuit will A) quadruple in magnitude. B) double in magnitude. C) decrease to one-half of what it was. D) decrease to one-fourth of what it wa

) The figure shows two unequal charges, +q and -Q. Charge -Q has greater magnitude than charge +q. Point X is midway between the charges. In what section of the line will there be a point where the resultant electric field is zero? A) VW B) WX C) XY D) YZ image 3

11) A proton, moving east, enters a magnetic field. Because of this magnetic field the proton curves downward. We may conclude that the magnetic field must have a component A) towards the south. B) towards the north. C) towards the west. D) upward. E) downward.

11) For the graph shown in the figure, what physical quantity does the slope of the graph represent for ohmic material? A) current B) resistivity C) 1/(current) D) power E) 1/(resistivity)

12) An electron is moving to the right, as shown in the figure. Suddenly it encounters uniform magnetic field pointing out of the page. Which one of the three paths shown will it follow in the field? A) path a B) path b C) path c

16) A circular coil lies flat on a horizontal surface. A bar magnet is held above the center of the coil with its north pole pointing down. If the magnet is dropped from this position what is the direction of the induced current in the coil, as viewed from above? A) counterclockwise B) clockwise C) An emf but no current is induced in the coil. D) There is no current in the coil.

25) An electron has an initial velocity to the south but is observed to curve upward as the result of a magnetic field. This magnetic field must have a component A) to the west. B) to the east. C) upward. D) downward. E) to the north.

29) A charged particle is observed traveling in a circular path of radius R in a uniform magnetic field. If the particle were traveling twice as fast, the radius of the circular path would be A) 2R. B) 4R. C) 8R. D) R/2. E) R/4.

33) A rectangular coil, with corners labeled ABCD, has length L and width w. It is placed between the poles of a magnet, as shown in the figure If there is a current I flowing through this coil in the direction shown, what is the direction of the force acting on section AB of this coil? A) perpendicular to and into the page B) perpendicular to and out of the page C) in the direction of the magnetic field D) in the opposite direction of the magnetic field E) The force is zero.

4) Light goes from material having a refractive index of n1 into a material with refractive index n2. If the refracted light is bent away from the normal, what can you conclude about the indices of refraction? A) n1 > n2 B) n1 ≥ n2 C) n1 < n2 D) n1 ≤ n2 E) n1 = n2

41) For the graph shown in the figure, what physical quantity does the slope of the graph represent for a dc circuit? A) 1/(current) B) resistance C) 1/(resistance) D) current E) resistivity

45) The maximum torque on a flat current-carrying loop occurs when the angle between the plane of the loop's area and the magnetic field vector is A) 0° B) 45° C) 90° D) 135°

47) Draw a circuit with two batteries, a resistor between them, and a capacitor in parallel with the resistor. The batteries are connected negative pole to positive pole.

48) Draw a circuit consisting of a battery connected to two resistors, R1 and R2, in series with each other and a capacitor C connected across the resistors.

49) A long, straight, horizontal wire carries current toward the east. A proton moves toward the east alongside and just south of the wire. What is the direction of the magnetic force on the proton? A) toward the north B) toward the south C) upward D) downward E) toward the east.

49) Draw a circuit with a battery connected to four resistors, R1, R2, R3, and R4, as follows. Resistors R1 and R2 are connected in parallel with each other, resistors R3 and R4 are connected in parallel with each other, and both parallel sets of resistors are connected in series with each other across the battery.

56) The magnetic field at a distance of 2 cm from a long straight current-carrying wire is 4 μT. What is the magnetic field at a distance of 4 cm from this wire? A) 2 μT B) 4 μT C) 6 μT D) 8 μT E) 10 μT

58) A 9-V battery is hooked up to two resistors in series. One has a resistance of 5 Ω, and the other has a resistance of 10 Ω. Several locations along the circuit are marked with letters, as shown in the figure. Through which resistor is energy being dissipated at the higher rate? A) the 10-Ω resistor B) the 5-Ω resistor C) Energy is being dissipated by both resistors at the same rate.

59) Identical light bulbs can be attached to identical ideal batteries in three different ways (A, B, or C), as shown in the figure. The ranking (from lowest to highest) of the total power produced by the battery is A) B, A, C B) A, B, C C) C, B, A D) A, C, B E) C, A, B

7) A coil lies flat on a tabletop in a region where the magnetic field vector points straight up. The magnetic field vanishes suddenly. When viewed from above, what is the sense of the induced current in this coil as the field fades? A) The induced current flows counterclockwise. B) The induced current flows clockwise. C) There is no induced current in this coil. D) The current flows clockwise initially, and then it flows counterclockwise before stopping.

9) An electron, moving west, enters a magnetic field. Because of this field the electron curves upward. We may conclude that the magnetic field must have a component A) towards the north. B) towards the south. C) upward. D) downward. E) towards the west.

A battery charges a parallel-plate capacitor fully and then is removed. The plates are then slowly pulled apart. What happens to the potential difference between the plates as they are being separated? A) It increases. B) It decreases. C) It remains constant. D) It cannot be determined from the information given.

3) If a proton and an electron have the same speed, which one has the longer de Broglie wavelength? A) the electron B) the proton C) It is the same for both of them

A hydrogen nucleus, which has a charge +e, is situated to the left of a carbon nucleus, which has a charge +6e. Which statement is true? A) The electrical force experienced by the hydrogen nucleus is to the left, and the magnitude is equal to the force exerted on the carbon nucleus. B) The electrical force experienced by the hydrogen nucleus is to the left, and the magnitude is greater than the force exerted on the carbon nucleus. C) The electrical force experienced by the hydrogen nucleus is to the left, and the magnitude is less than the force exerted on the carbon nucleus. D) The electrical force experienced by the hydrogen nucleus is to the right, and the magnitude is equal to the force exerted on the carbon nucleus.

A negatively-charged rod is brought close to (but does not touch) two neutral spheres that are in contact with each other but insulated from the ground. If the two spheres are then separated, what kind of charge will be on the spheres? A) The sphere near the charged rod becomes positive and the other one becomes negative. B) The sphere near the charged rod becomes negative and the other one becomes positive. C) The spheres do not get any charge. D) Both spheres become negative. E) Both spheres become positive

A parallel-plate capacitor is connected to a battery and becomes fully charged. The capacitor is then disconnected, and the separation between the plates is increased in such a way that no charge leaks off. As the plates are being separated, the energy stored in this capacitor A) increases. B) decreases. C) does not change. D) become zero.

A resistor is made out of a wire having a length L. When the ends of the wire are attached across the terminals of an ideal battery having a constant voltage V0 across its terminals, a current I flows through the wire. If the wire were cut in half, making two wires of length L/2, and both wires were attached across the terminals of the battery (the right ends of both wires attached to one terminal, and the left ends attached to the other terminal), how much current would the battery put out? A) 4I B) 2I C) I D) I/2 E) I/4

A solid aluminum cube rests on a wooden table in a region where a uniform external electric field is directed straight upward. What can we say concerning the charge on the top surface of the cube? A) The top surface is charged positively. B) The top surface is charged negatively. C) The top surface is neutral. D) The top surface's charge cannot be determined without further information

An capacitor consists of two large parallel plates of area A separated by a very small distance d. This capacitor is connected to a battery and charged until its plates carry charges +Q and -Q, and then disconnected from the battery. If the separation between the plates is now doubled, the potential difference between the plates will A) double. B) quadruple. C) be cut in half. D) be cut in fourth. E) not change.

An ideal parallel-plate capacitor consists of two parallel plates of area A separated by a distance d. This capacitor is connected to a battery and charged until its plates carry charges +Q and -Q, and the battery is then disconnected. If the separation between the plates is now doubled, the electrical energy stored in the capacitor will A) double. B) quadruple. C) be cut in half. D) be cut in fourth. E) not change.

As more resistors are added in parallel across a constant voltage source, the power supplied by the source A) increases. B) decreases. C) does not change. D) increases for a time and then starts to decrease.

At a distance d from a point charge Q, the energy density in its electric field is u. If we now go to a distance d/2 from the charge, what is the energy density at the new location? A) 16u B) 8u C) 4u D) 2u E) u

Consider two copper wires of equal cross-sectional area. One wire has 3 times the length of the other. How do the resistivities of these two wires compare? A) Both wires have the same resistivity. B) The longer wire has 3 times the resistivity of the shorter wire. C) The longer wire has 9 times times the resistivity of the shorter wire. D) The longer wire has 27 times times the resistivity of the shorter wire.

Copper wire #1 has a length L and a radius b. Copper wire #2 has a length 2L and a radius 2b. Which statement about the resistance across the ends of the wires is true? A) The resistance of wire #1 is twice as high as that of wire #2. B) The resistance of wire #1 is equal to that of wire #2. C) The resistance of wire #1 is half that of wire #2. D) The resistance of wire #1 is four times higher than that of wire #2

Doubling the potential across a given capacitor causes the energy stored in that capacitor to A) quadruple. B) double. C) reduce to one-half. D) reduce to one-fourth

Four charged particles (two having a charge +Q and two having a charge -Q) are arranged in the xy-plane as shown in the figure. The charges are all equidistant from the origin. The amount of work required to move a positively charged particle from point P to point O (both of which are on the z-axis) is A) zero. B) positive. C) negative. D) depends on the path in which the charged is moved. (image 27)

Four point charges of equal magnitude but with varying signs are arranged on three of the corners and at the center of the square of side d as shown in the figure. Which one of the arrows shown represents the net force acting on the center charge? A) A B) B C) C D) D (image, 18)

Four point charges of varying magnitude and sign are arranged on the corners of the square of side d as shown in the figure. Which one of the arrows shown represents the net force acting on the point charge with a charge +Q? A) A B) B C) C D) D (image,20)

Four unequal resistors are connected in a parallel with each other. Which one of the following statements is correct about this combination? A) The equivalent resistance is less than that of the smallest resistor. B) The equivalent resistance is equal to the average of the four resistances. C) The equivalent resistance is midway between the largest and smallest resistance. D) The equivalent resistance is more than the largest resistance. E) None of the other choices is correct.

If a quantity you calculated has units of Ω ∙ m what is that quantity? A) potential B) resistivity C) resistance D) capacitance E) charge

If the result of your calculation of a quantity has SI units of kg ∙ m/(s2 ∙ C), that quantity could be A) an electric field strength. B) a dielectric constant. C) an electric potential difference. D) a capacitance E) an electric potential energy.

If the voltage across a circuit of constant resistance is doubled, the power dissipated by that circuit will A) be four times as large. B) be two times as large. C) decrease to one-half the original power. D) decrease to one-fourth the original power.

The figure shows electric field lines arising from two small charged particles P and Q. Consider the following two statements: (i) The charge on P is smaller than the charge on Q. (ii) The electrostatic force on P is smaller than the force on Q. Which of the above statements are true? A) Only (i) is true. B) Only (ii) is true. C) Both (i) and (ii) are true. D) Neither (i) nor (ii) is true. image 10

The lamps in a string of decorative lights are connected in parallel across a constant-voltage power source. What happens if one lamp burns out? (Assume negligible resistance in the wires leading to the lamps.) A) The brightness of the lamps will not change appreciably. B) The other lamps get brighter equally. C) The other lamps get brighter, but some get brighter than others. D) The other lamps get dimmer equally. E) The other lamps get dimmer, but some get dimmer than others

Three equal positive point charges +q are placed at the corners of a square of side d as shown in the figure. Which one of the arrows shown represents the direction of the net electric field at the center of the square? A) A B) B C) C D) D image 5

Three equal-magnitude point charges of varying signs are placed at the corners of a square of side d as shown in the figure. Which one of the arrows shown represents the direction of the net electric field at the center of the square? A) A B) B C) C D) D image 6

Which one of the arrows shown in the figure best represents the direction of the electric field between the two uniformly charged metal plates? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) None of the above image, 14

You are given a copper bar of dimensions 3 cm × 5 cm × 8 cm and asked to attach leads to it in order to make a resistor. If you want to achieve the largest possible resistance, you should attach the leads to the opposite faces that measure A) 3 cm × 5 cm. B) 3 cm × 8 cm. C) 5 cm × 8 cm. D) Any pair of faces produces the same resistance

A plastic rod is charged up by rubbing a wool cloth, and brought to an initially neutral metallic sphere that is insulated from ground. It is allowed to touch the sphere for a few seconds, and then is separated from the sphere by a small distance. After the rod is separated, the rod A) is repelled by the sphere. B) is attracted to the sphere. C) feels no force due to the sphere.

A) is repelled by the sphere.

If two objects are electrically attracted to each other, A) both objects must be negatively charged. B) both objects must be positively charged. C) one object must be negatively charged and the other object must be positively charged. D) the objects could be electrically neutral. E) None of the above statements are absolutely true.

ANSWER IS D

10) Two solenoids are close to each other, as shown in the figure, with the switch S open. When the switch is suddenly closed, which way will the induced current flow through the galvanometer in the left-hand solenoid? A) from left to right B) from right to left C) There will be no induced current through the galvanometer.

11) An outer metal ring surrounds an inner metal ring, as shown in the figure. The current in the outer ring is counterclockwise and decreasing. What is the direction of the induced current in the inner ring? A) clockwise B) counterclockwise C) There is no induced current in the inner ring.

14) A circular coil of copper wire is lying flat on a horizontal table. A bar magnet is held above the center of the coil with its south pole downward. The magnet is released from rest and falls toward the coil. As viewed from above, what is the direction of the current induced in the coil as the magnet approaches the coil? A) counterclockwise B) clockwise C) No current is induced in the coil. D) An emf but no current is induced in the coil.

16) A charged particle moving along the +x-axis enters a uniform magnetic field pointing along the +z-axis. A uniform electric field is also present. Due to the combined effect of both fields, the particle does not change its velocity. What is the direction of the electric field? A) along the -y-axis B) along the +y-axis C) along the -x-axis D) along the +x-axis E) along the -z-axis

18) A bar magnet is oriented above a copper ring, as shown in the figure. If the magnet is pulled upward, what is the direction of the current induced in the ring, as viewed from above? A) There is no current in the ring. B) counterclockwise C) clockwise

2) A straight bar magnet is initially 4 cm long, with the north pole on the right and the south pole on the left. If you cut the magnet in half, the right half will A) contain only a north pole. B) contain a north pole on the right and a south pole on the left. C) contain only a south pole. D) no longer contain any poles.

2) According to Faraday's law, a coil in a strong magnetic field must have a greater induced emf in it than a coil in a weak magnetic field. A) True B) False

20) A bar magnet is oriented above a copper ring, as shown in the figure. The magnet is dropped and passes completely through the ring. As viewed from above, what is the direction of the current induced in the ring after the magnet has completely passed through the ring and is somewhat below it? A) There is no current in the ring. B) counterclockwise C) clockwise

21) The three loops of wire shown in the figure are all hanging in the same uniform magnetic field that is perpendicular to the page and does not vary with time. Loop 1 swings back and forth like the bob in a pendulum, Loop 2 rotates about a vertical axis, and Loop 3 oscillates up and down at the end of a spring. Which loop (or loops) will have an emf induced in them? A) Loop 1 B) Loop 2 C) Loop 3 D) Loops 1 and 3 E) Loops 2 and 3

26) A proton has an initial velocity to the south but is observed to curve upward as the result of a magnetic field. This magnetic field must have a component A) to the west. B) to the east. C) upward. D) downward. E) to the north.

If the resistance in a constant voltage circuit is doubled, the power dissipated by that circuit will A) increase by a factor of two. B) increase by a factor of four. C) decrease to one-half its original value. D) decrease to one-fourth its original value.

34) A rectangular coil, with corners labeled ABCD, has length L and width w. It is placed between the poles of a magnet, as shown in the figure. If there is a current I flowing through this coil in the direction shown, what is the direction of the force acting on section CD of this coil? A) perpendicular to and into the page B) perpendicular to and out of the page C) in the direction of the magnetic field D) in the opposite direction of the magnetic field E) The force is zero.

37) When the switch is closed in the circuit shown in the figure, the wire between the poles of the horseshoe magnet deflects upward. From this you can conclude that the left end of the magnet is A) a north magnetic pole. B) a south magnetic pole. C) There is not enough information given to answer the question.

47) Two long parallel wires placed side-by-side on a horizontal table carry identical size currents in opposite directions. The wire on your right carries current directly toward you, and the wire on your left carries current directly away from you. From your point of view, the magnetic field at a point exactly midway between the two wires A) points upward. B) points downward. C) points toward you. D) points away from you. E) is zero.

5) According to Lenz's law, the induced current in a circuit always flows to oppose the external magnetic flux through the circuit. A) True B) False

5) The critical angle for a beam of light passing from water into air is 48.8°. This means that all light rays with an angle of incidence in the water that is greater than 48.8° will be A) totally absorbed by the water. B) totally reflected. C) partially reflected and partially transmitted. D) totally transmitted.

50) A long, straight, horizontal wire carries current toward the east. An electron moves toward the east alongside and just south of the wire. What is the direction of the magnetic force on the electron? A) toward the north B) toward the south C) upward D) downward E) toward the west.

59) Which one of the following statements is correct? A) When a current-carrying wire is in your right hand, with your thumb in the direction of the current, your fingers point opposite to the direction of the magnetic field lines. B) When a current-carrying wire is in your right hand, with your thumb in the direction of the current, your fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field lines. C) When a current-carrying wire is in your left hand, with your thumb in the direction of the current, your fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field lines.

6) According to Lenz's law, the induced current in a circuit always flows to oppose the external magnetic field through the circuit. A) True B) False

6) An electron moving along the +x-axis enters a magnetic field. If the electron experiences a magnetic deflection in the -y direction, then the magnetic field must have a component A) along the +z-axis B) along the -z-axis C) along the -x-axis D) along the +y-axis E) along the -y-axis

63) A single current-carrying circular loop of radius R is placed next to a long, straight wire, as shown in the figure. The current I in the wire flows to the right. In which direction must current flow in the loop to produce a net magnetic field of zero at its center? A) counterclockwise B) clockwise C) It could be either clockwise or counterclockwise. D) The current in the loop should be zero.

8) A coil lies flat on a level tabletop in a region where the magnetic field vector points straight up. The magnetic field suddenly grows stronger. When viewed from above, what is the direction of the induced current in this coil as the field increases? A) counterclockwise B) clockwise C) clockwise initially, then counterclockwise before stopping D) There is no induced current in this coil.

9) A coil lies flat on a horizontal tabletop in a region where the magnetic field points straight down. The magnetic field disappears suddenly. When viewed from above, what is the direction of the induced current in this coil as the field disappears? A) counterclockwise B) clockwise C) clockwise initially, then counterclockwise before stopping D) There is no induced current in this coil.

A small charged plastic ball is vertically above another charged small ball in a frictionless test tube as shown in the figure. The balls are in equilibrium a distance d apart. If the charge on each ball is doubled, the equilibrium distance between the balls in the test tube would become A) d. B) 2d. C) 4d. D) 8d. E) d/4. (image, 11)

An electron and a proton are released simultaneously from rest and start moving toward each other due to their electrostatic attraction, with no other forces present. Which of the following statements are true just before they are about to collide? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) They are closer to the to the initial position of the electron that to the initial position of the proton. B) They are closer to the to the initial position of the proton that to the initial position of the electron. C) They are at the midpoint of their initial separation. D) They both have the same speed. E) The electrostatic force on the proton is greater than the electrostatic force on the electron

As more resistors are added in series to a constant voltage source, the power supplied by the source A) increases. B) decreases. C) does not change. D) increases for a time and then starts to decrease

Consider two copper wires with circular cross-sections and equal lengths. One wire has 3 times the diameter of the other. How do the resistances of these two wires compare? A) The thicker wire has 1/3 the resistance of the thinner wire. B) The thicker wire has 1/9 the resistance of the thinner wire. C) The thicker wire has 3 times the resistance of the thinner wire. D) The thicker wire has 9 times the resistance of the thinner wire. E) The thicker wire has times the resistance of the thinner wire

If a quantity you calculated has units of kgm^3/sC^2 what is that quantity? A) potential B) resistivity C) resistance D) capacitance E) current

If we double the resistance in a circuit but keep the current in it constant, the power dissipated by that circuit will A) be four times as great. B) be two times as great. C) be one-half as great. D) be one-fourth as great.

Kirchhoff's junction rule is a statement of A) the law of conservation of momentum. B) the law of conservation of charge. C) the law of conservation of energy. D) the law of conservation of angular momentum. E) Newton's second law.

The electric field at point P due to a point charge Q a distance R away from P has magnitude E. In order to double the magnitude of the field at P, you could A) double the distance to 2R. B) double the charge to 2Q. C) reduce the distance to R/2. D) reduce the distance to R/4. E) double the charge to 2Q and at the same time reduce the distance to R/2.

The length of a certain wire is doubled while its radius is kept constant. What is the new resistance of this wire? A) It stays the same. B) It is 2 times as large. C) It is 3 times as large. D) It is 4 times as large. E) It is ½ as large.

The plates of a parallel-plate capacitor are maintained with constant potential by a battery as they are pulled apart. During this process, the amount of charge on the plates A) must increase. B) must decrease. C) must remain constant. D) could either increase or decrease. There is no way to tell from the information given.

The plates of a parallel-plate capacitor are maintained with constant voltage by a battery as they are pulled apart. What happens to the strength of the electric field between the plates during this process? A) It increases. B) It decreases. C) It remains constant. D) It cannot be determined from the information given

Three equal charges +Q are at three of the corners of a square of side d. A fourth charge +Q of equal magnitude is at the center of the square as shown in the figure Which one of the arrows shown represents the net force acting on the charge at the center of the square? A) A B) B C) C D) D (image, 16)

Three equal-magnitude point charges of varying signs are placed at three of the corners of a square of side d as shown in the figure. Which one of the arrows shown represents the direction of the net electric field at the vacant corner of the square? A) A B) B C) C D) D image 9

Two uncharged metal spheres, #1 and #2, are mounted on insulating support rods. A third metal sphere, carrying a positive charge, is then placed near #2. Now a copper wire is momentarily connected between #1 and #2 and then removed. Finally, sphere #3 is removed. In this final state A) spheres #1 and #2 are still uncharged. B) sphere #1 carries positive charge and #2 carries negative charge. C) sphere #1 carries negative charge and #2 carries positive charge. D) spheres #1 and #2 both carry positive charge. E) spheres #1 and #2 both carry negative charge.

When a current flows through a metal wire, the moving charges are A) only protons. B) only electrons. C) both protons and electrons. D) positive metal ions. E) negative metal ions.

When different resistors are connected in parallel across an ideal battery, we can be certain that A) the same current flows in each one. B) the potential difference across each is the same. C) the power dissipated in each is the same. D) their equivalent resistance is greater than the resistance of any one of the individual resistances. E) their equivalent resistance is equal to the average of the individual resistances.

When unequal resistors are connected in parallel in a circuit, A) the same current always runs through each resistor. B) the potential drop is always the same across each resistor. C) the largest resistance has the largest current through it. D) the power generated in each resistor is the same.

You buy a AA battery in the store, and it is marked 1.5 V. If this marking is strictly accurate, while this battery is fresh A) its terminal voltage will be more than 1.5 V when it is used in a circuit. B) its terminal voltage will be less than 1.5 V when it is used in a circuit. C) its terminal voltage will be 1.5 V when it is used in a circuit.

Electrically neutral objects cannot exert an electrical force on each other, but they can exert a gravitational force on each other

B) False

A negatively-charged plastic rod is brought close to (but does not touch) a neutral metal sphere that is connected to ground. After waiting a few seconds, the ground connection is removed (without touching the sphere), and after that the rod is also removed. The sphere is now A) negatively charged. B) positively charged. C) neutral.

B) positively charged.

) Four tiny charged particles (two having a charge +Q and two having a charge -Q) are distributed on the x- and y-axes as shown in the figure. Each charge is equidistant from the origin. In which direction is the net electric field at the point P on the y-axis? A) directly up (in the +y direction) B) directly left (-x direction) C) upwards and towards the left D) upwards and towards the right E) The net field is zero, so there is no direction. image 2

1) A flat coil is in a uniform magnetic field. The magnetic flux through the coil is greatest when the plane of its area is A) parallel to the magnetic field. B) at 45° with the magnetic field. C) perpendicular to the magnetic field.

1) If you were to cut a small permanent bar magnet in half, A) one piece would be a magnetic north pole and the other piece would be a south pole. B) neither piece would be magnetic. C) each piece would in itself be a smaller bar magnet with both north and south poles. D) None of these statements is true.

10) A proton, moving west, enters a magnetic field. Because of this magnetic field the proton curves upward. We may conclude that the magnetic field must have a component A) towards the west. B) towards the east. C) towards the south. D) towards the north. E) downward.

12) For the graph shown in the figure, what physical quantity does the slope of the graph represent for ohmic material? A) current B) resistivity C) 1/(current) D) power E) 1/(resistivity)

13) A circular coil lies flat on a horizontal surface. A bar magnet is held fixed above the center of the coil with its north pole pointing downward. What is the direction of the induced current in the coil, as viewed from above? A) clockwise B) counterclockwise C) There is no current in the coil.

Kirchhoff's loop rule is a statement of A) the law of conservation of momentum. B) the law of conservation of charge. C) the law of conservation of energy. D) the law of conservation of angular momentum. E) Newton's second law.

15) A charged particle moving along the +x-axis enters a uniform magnetic field pointing along the +z-axis. Because of an electric field along the +y-axis, the charge particle does not change velocity. What is the sign of this particle? A) positive B) negative C) The particle could be either positive or negative. D) None of the above choices is correct.

15) A circular coil of copper wire is lying flat on a horizontal table. A bar magnet is held above the center of the coil with its south pole downward. The magnet and the coil are now both raised upward with the same velocities. As viewed from above, what is the direction of the current induced in the coil as the magnet approaches the coil? A) counterclockwise B) clockwise C) No current is induced in the coil. D) An emf but no current is induced in the coil.

19) A bar magnet is oriented above a copper ring, as shown in the figure. If the magnet is kept fixed while the ring is dropped, what is the direction of the current induced in the ring, as viewed from below the ring? A) There is no current in the ring. B) counterclockwise C) clockwise

21) A charged particle moves with a constant speed through a region where a uniform magnetic field is present. If the magnetic field points straight upward, the magnetic force acting on this particle will be strongest when the particle moves A) straight upward. B) straight downward. C) in a plane parallel to Earth's surface. D) upward at an angle of 45° above the horizontal.

22) A negatively-charged particle moves across a constant uniform magnetic field that is perpendicular to the velocity of the particle. The magnetic force on this particle A) causes the particle to speed up. B) causes the particle to slow down. C) causes the particle to accelerate. D) is in the same direction as the particle's velocity. E) is opposite the direction of the particle's velocity

23) At a particular instant, a proton moves toward the east in a uniform magnetic field that is directed straight downward. The magnetic force that acts on it is A) zero. B) upward. C) toward the north. D) toward the south. E) downward.

26) A region of space contains a uniform electric field, directed toward the right, as shown in the figure. Which statement about this situation is correct? A) The potential at all three locations is the same. B) The potentials at points A and B are equal, and the potential at point C is higher than the potential at point A. C) The potential at points A and B are equal, and the potential at point C is lower than the potential at point A. D) The potential at point A is the highest, the potential at point B is the second highest, and the potential at point C is the lowest.

27) After landing on an unexplored Klingon planet, Spock tests for the direction of the magnetic field by firing a beam of electrons in various directions and by recording the following observations: Electrons moving upward feel a magnetic force in the northwest direction. Electrons moving horizontally toward the north are pushed downward. Electrons moving horizontally toward the southeast are pushed upward. Mr. Spock therefore concludes that the magnetic field at this landing site is in which direction? A) toward the east B) toward the northeast C) toward the southwest D) toward the southeast E) toward the west

3) At a certain instant, coil A is in a 10-T external magnetic field and coil B is in a 1-T external magnetic field. Both coils have the same area and are oriented at right angles to the field. Which coil will have a greater emf induced in it? A) coil A B) coil B C) It is impossible to know without more information about the fields.

3) Which one of the following statements is correct? A) Earth's geographic north pole is the north pole of Earth's magnetic field. B) Earth's geographic south pole is the south pole of Earth's magnetic field. C) The north pole of a magnet points towards Earth's geographic north pole. D) The north pole of a magnet points towards Earth's geographic south pole. E) None of the above statements is correct.

31) A proton, moving in a uniform magnetic field, moves in a circle perpendicular to the field lines and takes time T for each circle. If the proton's speed tripled, what would now be its time to go around each circle? A) 9T B) 3T C) T D) T/3 E) T/9

36) A wire is carrying current vertically downward. What is the direction of the force on this wire due to Earth's magnetic field? A) horizontally towards the north B) horizontally towards the south C) horizontally towards the east D) horizontally towards the west E) vertically upward

39) The direction of the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is A) perpendicular only to the current. B) perpendicular only to the magnetic field. C) perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. D) in the direction opposite to the current. E) in same direction as the current.

4) A coil of wire containing N turns is in an external magnetic field that is perpendicular to the plane of the coil and it steadily changing. Under these circumstances, an emf ε is induced in the coil. If the rate of change of the magnetic field and the number of turns in the coil are now doubled (but nothing else changes), what will be the induced emf in the coil? A) 2ε B) ε/2 C) 4ε D) ε/4 E) ε

42) For the graph shown in the figure, what physical quantity does the slope of the graph represent for a dc circuit? A) 1/(resistance) B) resistance C) potential D) (potential)2 E) 1/(potential)

42) Two long parallel wires are placed side-by-side on a horizontal table. If the wires carry current in the same direction, A) one wire is lifted slightly while the other wire is forced downward against the table's surface. B) both wires are lifted slightly. C) the wires pull toward each other. D) the wires push away from each other.

46) A flat circular wire loop lies in a horizontal plane on a table and carries current in a counterclockwise direction when viewed from above. At this point, the earth's magnetic field points to the north and dips below the horizontal. Which side of the coil tends to lift off of the table due to the magnetic torque on the loop? A) the north side B) the east side C) the south side D) the west side E) The entire loop lifts straight up.

If the result of your calculation of a quantity has SI units kg ∙ m2/(s2 ∙ C), that quantity could be A) an electric field strength. B) a dielectric constant. C) an electric potential difference. D) a capacitance E) an electric potential energy.

5) A charged particle that is moving in a static uniform magnetic field A) will always experience a magnetic force, regardless of its direction of motion. B) may experience a magnetic force which will cause its speed to change. C) may experience a magnetic force, but its speed will not change. D) may experience a magnetic force, but its direction of motion will not change. E) None of the above statements are true.

55) A very long straight current-carrying wire produces a magnetic field of 20 mT at a distance d from the wire. To measure a field of 5 mT due to this wire, you would have to go to a distance from the wire of A) 16d. B) 8d. C) 4d. D) 2d. E) d sq 2

60) A vertical wire carries a current vertically downward. To the east of this wire, the magnetic field points A) north. B) east. C) south. D) down.

60) Identical ideal batteries are connected in different arrangements to the same light bulb, as shown in the figure. For which arrangement will the bulb shine the brightest? A) A B) B C) C

62) In the circuit shown in the figure, the resistor R has a variable resistance. As R is decreased, what happens to the currents? A) I1 remains unchanged and I2 increases. B) I1 decreases and I2 decreases. C) I1 decreases and I2 increases. D) I1 increases and I2 decreases. E) I1 increases and I2 increases.

65) A current-carrying loop of wire lies flat on a horizontal tabletop. When viewed from above, the current moves around the loop in a counterclockwise sense. For points on the tabletop inside the loop, the magnetic field lines caused by this current A) circle the loop in a clockwise direction. B) circle the loop in a counterclockwise direction. C) point straight up. D) point straight down.

8) A proton, moving north, enters a magnetic field. Because of this field, the proton curves downward. We may conclude that the magnetic field must have a component A) downward. B) upward. C) towards the east. D) towards the west. E) towards the north.

A dielectric material such as paper is inserted between the plates of a capacitor as the capacitor holds a fixed charge on its plates. What happens to the electric field between the plates as the dielectric is inserted? A) There is no change in the field. B) The field becomes stronger. C) The field becomes weaker. D) The field reduces to zero.

A parallel-plate capacitor consists of a set of two parallel plates of area A separated by a distance d. This capacitor is connected to a battery that maintains a constant potential difference across the plates. A slab of a dielectric material is inserted in the region between the plates and completely fills it. What changes would you observe as the dielectric is inserted? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Only the charge on the plates of the capacitor would change. B) Only the capacitance would change. C) Both the charge on the plates of the capacitor and its capacitance would change. D) The potential difference across the plates would increase. E) Nothing would change.

An ideal parallel-plate capacitor consists of two parallel plates of area A separated by a distance d. This capacitor is connected across a battery that maintains a constant potential difference between the plates. If the separation between the plates is now doubled, the magnitude of the charge on the plates will A) double. B) quadruple. C) be cut in half. D) be cut in fourth. E) not change.

An ideal parallel-plate capacitor consists of two parallel plates of area A separated by a distance d. This capacitor is connected to a battery that maintains a constant potential difference across the plates. If the separation between the plates is now doubled, the amount of electrical energy stored on the capacitor will A) double. B) quadruple. C) be cut in half. D) be cut in fourth. E) not change.

An ideal parallel-plate capacitor having circular plates of diameter D that are a distance d apart stores energy U when it is connected across a fixed potential difference. If you want to triple the amount of energy stored in this capacitor by changing only the size of its plates, the diameter should be changed to A) 9D. B) 3D. C) D D) E)

As an electron moves in the direction the electric field lines A) it is moving from low potential to high potential and gaining electric potential energy. B) it is moving from low potential to high potential and losing electric potential energy. C) it is moving from high potential to low potential and gaining electric potential energy. D) it is moving from high potential to low potential and losing electric potential energy. E) both its electric potential and electric potential energy remain constant.

At a distance d from a point charge Q, the energy density in its electric field is u. If we double the charge, what is the energy density at the same point? A) 16u B) 8u C) 4u D) 2u E) u

Consider two copper wires of equal cross-sectional area. One wire has 3 times the length of the other. How do the resistances of these two wires compare? A) Both wires have the same resistance. B) The longer wire has 1/3 the resistance of the shorter wire. C) The longer wire has 3 times the resistance of the shorter wire. D) The longer wire has 9 times times the resistance of the shorter wire. E) The longer wire has 27 times times the resistance of the shorter wire.

Consider two copper wires of equal length. One wire has twice the cross-sectional area of the other. How do the resistances of these two wires compare? A) The thicker wire has twice the resistance of the thinner wire. B) The thicker wire has eight times the resistance of the thinner wire. C) The thicker wire has one-half the resistance of the thinner wire. D) The thicker wire has four times the resistance of the thinner wire. E) The thicker wire has one-fourth the resistance of the thinner wire.

Doubling the capacitance of a capacitor that is holding a constant charge causes the energy stored in that capacitor to A) quadruple. B) double. C) decrease to one-half. D) decrease to one-fourth

If a quantity you calculated has units of kgm^2/sC^2 what is that quantity? A) potential B) resistivity C) resistance D) capacitance E) current

If the electric field between the plates of a given air-filled capacitor is weakened by removing charge from the plates, the capacitance of that capacitor A) increases. B) decreases. C) does not change. D) It cannot be determined from the information given.

12) A long straight wire lies on a horizontal table and carries an ever-increasing current toward the north. Two coils of wire lie flat on the table, one on either side of the wire. When viewed from above, the direction of the induced current in these coils is A) clockwise in both coils. B) counterclockwise in both coils. C) clockwise in the east coil and counterclockwise in the west coil. D) counterclockwise in the east coil and clockwise in the west coil.

16) The figure shows a graph of the resistance of a wire as a function of its length. What physical quantities does the slope of this graph represent? A) the cross-sectional area of the wire B) the resistivity of the material of which the wire is made C) the product of the resistivity and the cross-sectional area of the wire D) the resistivity of the material divided by the cross-sectional area of the wire E) the reciprocal of the resistivity of the material

18) If a calculated quantity has units of Ns/Cm , that quantity could be A) an electric field. B) an electric potential. C) μ0. D) a magnetic field. E) a magnetic torque.

20) We observe that a moving charged particle experiences no magnetic force. From this we can definitely conclude that A) no magnetic field exists in that region of space. B) the particle must be moving parallel to the magnetic field. C) the particle is moving at right angles to the magnetic field. D) either no magnetic field exists or the particle is moving parallel to the field. E) either no magnetic field exists or the particle is moving perpendicular to the field.

22) The wire in the figure carries a current I that is increasing with time at a constant rate. The wire and the three loops are all in the same plane. What is true about the currents induced in each of the three loops shown? A) No current is induced in any loop. B) The currents are counterclockwise in all three loops. C) The currents are clockwise in all three loops. D) Loop A has clockwise current, loop B has no induced current, and loop C has counterclockwise current. E) Loop A has counterclockwise current, loop B has no induced current, and loop C has clockwise current.

24) At a particular instant, an electron moves toward the east in a uniform magnetic field that is directed straight downward. The magnetic force that acts on it is A) zero. B) upward. C) toward the north. D) toward the south. E) downward.

28) A charged particle is injected into a uniform magnetic field such that its velocity vector is perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. Ignoring the particle's weight, the particle will A) move in a straight line. B) follow a spiral path. C) move along a parabolic path. D) follow a circular path.

30) A particle carrying a charge of +e travels in a circular path of radius R in a uniform magnetic field. If instead the particle carried a charge of +2e, the radius of the circular path would have been A) 2R. B) 4R. C) 8R. D) R/2. E) R/4.

32) If a calculated quantity has units of N/A*m, that quantity could be A) an electric field. B) an electric potential. C) μ0. D) a magnetic field. E) a magnetic torque.

38) For the horseshoe magnet shown in the figure, the left end is a north magnetic pole and the right end is a south magnetic pole. When the switch is closed in the circuit, which way will the wire between the poles of the horseshoe magnet initially deflect? A) to the right B) to the left C) upward D) downward

39) The figure shows a graph of the power dissipated in a resistor as a function of the resistance. What quantity does the slope of this graph represent? A) the current in the resistor B) the potential difference across the resistor C) the reciprocal of the current in the resistor D) the square of the current in the resistor E) the resistivity of the resistor

40) For the graph shown in the figure, what physical quantity does the slope of the graph represent for a dc circuit? A) resistivity B) resistance C) energy D) current E) capacitance

40) The magnetic force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is the strongest when A) the current is in the direction of the magnetic field lines. B) the current is in the direction opposite to the magnetic field lines. C) the current is at a 180° angle with respect to the magnetic field lines. D) the current is perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. E) the current is at a 0° angle with respect to the magnetic field lines

43) Two long parallel wires are placed side-by-side on a horizontal table. If the wires carry current in opposite directions, A) one wire is lifted slightly while the other wire is forced downward against the table's surface. B) both wires are lifted slightly. C) the wires pull toward each other. D) the wires push away from each other

52) A long, straight wire carrying a current is placed along the y-axis. If the direction of the current is in the +y direction, what is the direction of the magnetic field due to this wire as you view it in such a way that the current is coming directly toward you? A) clockwise, around the x-axis B) counterclockwise, around the x-axis C) counterclockwise, around the z-axis D) counterclockwise, around the y-axis E) clockwise, around the y-axis

53) A negatively charged particle -Q is moving to the right, directly above a wire having a current I flowing to the right, as shown in the figure. In what direction is the magnetic force exerted on the particle due to the current? A) into the page B) out of the page C) downward D) upward E) The magnetic force is zero because the velocity is parallel to the current.

54) A wire lying in the plane of the page carries a current toward the bottom of the page, as shown in the figure. What is the direction of the magnetic force it produces on an electron that is moving to the left directly toward the wire, as shown? A) straight into the page B) straight out of the page C) directly toward the top of the page D) directly toward the bottom of the page E) directly to the left away from the wire

57) The magnetic field at a distance of 2 cm from a long straight current-carrying wire is 4 μT. What is the magnetic field at a distance of 1 cm from this wire? A) 2 μT B) 4 μT C) 6 μT D) 8 μT E) 10 μT

61) A horizontal wire carries a current straight toward you. From your point of view, the magnetic field caused by this current A) points directly away from you. B) points to the left. C) circles the wire in a clockwise direction. D) circles the wire in a counter-clockwise direction

64) A current-carrying loop of wire lies flat on a horizontal tabletop. When viewed from above, the current moves around the loop in a counterclockwise sense. For points on the tabletop outside the loop, the magnetic field lines caused by this current A) circle the loop in a clockwise direction. B) circle the loop in a counterclockwise direction. C) point straight up. D) point straight down

66) Consider two current-carrying circular loops. Both are made from one strand of wire and both carry the same current, but one has twice the radius of the other. If the magnetic field strength at the center of the smaller loop is B, what is the magnetic field strength at the center of the larger loop? A) 8B B) 4B C) 2B D) B/2 E) B/4

7) An electron, moving south, enters a magnetic field. Because of this field, the electron curves upward. We may conclude that the magnetic field must have a component A) downward. B) towards the east. C) upward. D) towards the west. E) towards the north

9) For the graph shown in the figure, what physical quantity does the slope of the graph represent for ohmic material? A) power B) resistivity C) 1/(resistivity) D) resistance E) 1/(resistance)

A kilowatt-hour is equivalent to A) 1000 W. B) 3600 J. C) 3,600,000 J/s. D) 3,600,000 J. E) 3600 J/s

A proton is accelerated from rest through a potential difference V0 and gains a speed v0. If it were accelerated instead through a potential difference of 2V0, what speed would it gain? A) 8v0 B) 4v0 C) 2v0 D) v0

A wire of resistivity ρ must be replaced in a circuit by a wire of the same material but four times as long. If, however, the total resistance is to remain as before, the diameter of the new wire must A) be the same as the original diameter. B) be one-half the original diameter. C) be one-fourth the original diameter. D) be two times the original diameter. E) be four times the original diameter

An electron is initially moving to the right when it enters a uniform electric field directed upwards, as shown in the figure. Which trajectory (X, Y, Z, or W) will the electron follow in the field? A) trajectory W B) trajectory X C) trajectory Y D) trajectory Z image 1

An ideal parallel-plate capacitor has a capacitance of C. If the area of the plates is doubled and the distance between the plates is halved, what is the new capacitance? A) C/4 B) C/2 C) 2C D) 4C

As a proton moves in the direction the electric field lines A) it is moving from low potential to high potential and gaining electric potential energy. B) it is moving from low potential to high potential and losing electric potential energy. C) it is moving from high potential to low potential and gaining electric potential energy. D) it is moving from high potential to low potential and losing electric potential energy. E) both its electric potential and electric potential energy remain constant.

Four point charges Q of equal magnitude and sign are arranged on three of the corners of the square of side d as shown in the figure. Which one of the arrows shown represents the net force acting on the charge at the upper right hand corner of the square? A) A B) B C) C D) D (image, 19)

If the length and diameter of a wire of circular cross section are both tripled, the resistance will be A) unchanged. B) tripled. C) increased by a factor of 9. D) 1/3 of what it originally was. E) 1/9 of what it originally was.

The length of a certain wire is doubled and at the same time its radius is also doubled. What is the new resistance of this wire? A) It stays the same. B) It is 2 times as large. C) It is 4 times as large. D) It is ½ as large. E) It is ¼ as large.

The length of a certain wire is doubled and at the same time its radius is reduced by a factor of 2. What is the new resistance of this wire? A) It is 2 times as large. B) It is 4 times as large. C) It is 6 times as large. D) It it 8 times as large. E) It is ½ as large.

The length of a certain wire is kept same while its radius is doubled. What is the new resistance of this wire? A) It is increased by a factor of 2. B) It is increased by a factor of 4. C) It is reduced by a factor of 2. D) It is reduced by a factor of 4. E) It is reduced by a factor of 8.

The potential (relative to infinity) at the midpoint of a square is 3.0 V when a point charge of +Q is located at one of the corners of the square. What is the potential (relative to infinity) at the center when each of the other corners is also contains a point charge of +Q? A) 0 V B) 3.0 V C) 9.0 V D) 12 V

Two stationary point charges q1 and q2 are shown in the figure along with a sketch of some field lines representing the electric field produced by them. What can you deduce from the sketch? A) q1 is negative and q2 is positive; the magnitudes are equal. B) q1 and q2 have the same sign; the magnitudes are equal. C) q1 is positive and q2 is negative; the magnitude of q1 is greater than the magnitude of q2. D) q1 is negative and q2 is positive; the magnitude of q1 is less than the magnitude of q2. E) q1 and q2 have the same sign; the magnitude of q1 is greater than the magnitude of q2.

When a dielectric material is introduced between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor and completely fills the space, the capacitance increases by a factor of 4. What is the dielectric constant of the material that was introduced? A) 0.4 B) 1/4 C) 2 D) 4 E) None of the other choices is correct.

Which one of the following quantities is equivalent to 1 Ω? A) 1 J/s B) 1 W/A C) 1 V ∙ A D) 1 V/A E) 1 A ∙ s

You obtain a 100-W light bulb and a 50-W light bulb. Instead of connecting them in the normal way, you devise a circuit that places them in series across normal household voltage. If each one is an incandescent bulb of fixed resistance, which statement about these bulbs is correct? A) Both bulbs glow with the same brightness, but less than their normal brightness. B) Both bulbs glow with the same brightness, but more than their normal brightness. C) The 100-W bulb glows brighter than the 50-W bulb. D) The 50-W bulb glows more brightly than the 100-W bulb.

The length of a certain wire is kept same while its radius is doubled. What is the new resistivity of this wire? A) It is increased by a factor of 2. B) It is increased by a factor of 4. C) It is reduced by a factor of 2. D) It is reduced by a factor of 4. E) It does not change.

In outer space, a positive charge q is released near a positive fixed charge Q, as shown in the figure. As q moves away from Q, what is true about the motion of q? (There may be more than one correct choice.) A) It will move with decreasing speed. B) It will move with constant acceleration. C) It will move with increasing acceleration. D) It will move with decreasing acceleration. E) It will move with increasing speed (image, 10)

D,E

) Four unequal resistors are connected in series with each other. Which one of the following statements is correct about this combination? A) The equivalent resistance is equal to that of any one of the resistors. B) The equivalent resistance is equal to average of the four resistances. C) The equivalent resistance is less than that of the smallest resistor. D) The equivalent resistance is less than that of the largest resistor. E) The equivalent resistance is more than the largest resistance.

) Two point charges, Q1 and Q2, are separated by a distance R. If the magnitudes of both charges are halved and their separation is also halved, what happens to the electrical force that each charge exerts on the other one? A) It increases by a factor of 16. B) It increases by a factor of 8. C) It increases by a factor of 2. D) It increases by a factor of 4. E) It remains the same.

10) For the graph shown in the figure, what physical quantity does the slope of the graph represent for ohmic material? A) power B) resistivity C) 1/(resistivity) D) resistance E) 1/(resistance)

13) Three particles travel through a region of space where the magnetic field is out of the page, as shown in the figure. What are the signs of the charges of these three particles? A) 1 is neutral, 2 is negative, and 3 is positive. B) 1 is neutral, 2 is positive, and 3 is negative. C) 1 is positive, 2 is neutral, and 3 is negative. D) 1 is positive, 2 is negative, and 3 is neutral. E) 1 is negative, 2 is neutral, and 3 is positive.

14) An electron moving in the +y direction, at right angles to a magnetic field, experiences a magnetic force in the -x direction. The direction of the magnetic field is in the A) -x direction. B) +x direction. C) +y direction. D) -z direction. E) +z direction.

17) A proton is to orbit Earth at the equator using Earth's magnetic field to supply part of the necessary centripetal force. In what direction should the proton move? A) upward B) northward C) southward D) eastward E) westward

23) The wire in the figure carries a current I that is decreasing with time at a constant rate. The wire and the three loops are all in the same plane. What is true about the currents induced in each of the three loops shown? A) No current is induced in any loop. B) The currents are counterclockwise in all three loops. C) The currents are clockwise in all three loops. D) Loop A has clockwise current, loop B has no induced current, and loop C has counterclockwise current. E) Loop A has counterclockwise current, loop B has no induced current, and loop C has clockwise current.

35) A rectangular coil, with corners labeled ABCD, has length L and width w. It is placed between the poles of a magnet, as shown in the figure If there is a current I flowing through this coil in the direction shown, what is the direction of the force acting on section BC of this coil? A) perpendicular to and into the page B) perpendicular to and out of the page C) in the direction of the magnetic field D) in the opposite direction of the magnetic field E) The force is zero.

4) A positive charge is moving to the right and experiences an upward magnetic force, as shown in the figure. In which direction must the magnetic field have a component? A) to the right B) to the left C) upward D) out of the page E) into the page

43) For the graph shown in the figure, what physical quantity does the slope of the graph represent for a dc circuit? A) 1/(resistance) B) resistance C) potential D) (potential)2 E) 1/(potential)

48) Two long parallel wires placed side-by-side on a horizontal table carry identical current straight toward you. From your point of view, the magnetic field at a point exactly between the two wires A) points upward. B) points downward. C) points toward you. D) points away from you. E) is zero.

51) A wire lying in the plane of this page carries a current directly toward the top of the page. What is the direction of the magnetic force this current produces on an electron that is moving perpendicular to the page and outward from it on the left side of the wire? A) perpendicular to the page and towards you B) perpendicular to the page and away from you C) toward the top of the page D) toward the bottom of the page E) The force is zero.

62) A long straight wire has a constant current flowing to the right. A rectangular metal loop is situated above the wire, and also has a constant current flowing through it, as shown in the figure. Which one of the following statements is true? A) The net magnetic force on the rectangle is upward, and there is also a nonzero torque on the rectangle. B) The net magnetic force on the rectangle is zero, and the net torque on it is zero. C) The net magnetic force on the rectangle is downward, and there is also a nonzero torque on the rectangle. D) The net magnetic force on the rectangle is zero, but there is a nonzero torque on the rectangle. E) The net magnetic force on the rectangle is downward, and the net torque on it is zero.

As a proton moves in a direction perpendicular to the electric field lines A) it is moving from low potential to high potential and gaining electric potential energy. B) it is moving from low potential to high potential and losing electric potential energy. C) it is moving from high potential to low potential and gaining electric potential energy. D) it is moving from high potential to low potential and losing electric potential energy. E) both its electric potential and electric potential energy remain constant

If a quantity you calculated has units of A ∙ s, what is that quantity? A) potential B) resistivity C) resistance D) capacitance E) charge

If the electric potential at a point in space is zero, then the electric field at that point must be A) negative. B) zero. C) uniform. D) positive. E) impossible to determine based on the information given.

The electron-volt is a unit of A) charge. B) electric potential. C) electric field. D) electric force. E) energy.

Two point charges, Q1 and Q2, are separated by a distance R. If the magnitudes of both charges are doubled and their separation is also doubled, what happens to the electrical force that each charge exerts on the other one? A) It increases by a factor of 2. B) It increases by a factor of . C) It is reduced by a factor of . D) It increases by a factor of 4. E) It remains the same.

When a current flows through an ionic liquid such as salty water, the moving charges are A) only protons. B) only electrons. C) only negative ions. D) only positive ions. E) both positive and negative ions.

1) A stable nucleus contains many protons very close to each other, all positively charged. Why do the protons not fly apart due to mutual Coulomb repulsion? A) An attractive nuclear force in the nucleus counteracts the effect of the Coulomb forces. B) There are an equal number of electrons in the nucleus which neutralize the protons. C) The neutrons in the nucleus shield the protons from each other. D) The Coulomb force does not operate within nuclei. E) The gravity of the protons and neutrons overcomes their repulsion at such close distances.

1) Light enters air from water. The angle of refraction will be A) greater than the angle of incidence. B) equal to the angle of incidence. C) less than the angle of incidence.

10) A double-slit interference experiment is performed in the air. Later, the same apparatus is immersed in benzene (which has an index of refraction of 1.50), and the experiment is repeated. When the apparatus is in benzene, you observe that the interference fringes are A) more closely spaced than when the apparatus is in air. B) equally spaced as when the apparatus is in air. C) more widely spaced than when the apparatus is in air.

10) An electromagnetic wave is propagating towards the west in free space. At a certain moment the direction of the magnetic field vector associated with this wave points vertically upward. What is the direction of the electric field vector? A) horizontal and pointing south B) vertical and pointing down C) horizontal and pointing north D) vertical and pointing upward E) horizontal and pointing east

10) Elementary particles that experience the weak nuclear force but not the strong nuclear force are called A) leptons. B) hadrons. C) mesons. D) bosons. E) baryons.

12) An astronaut is resting on a bed inclined at an angle above the floor of a spaceship, as shown in the figure. From the point of view of an observer who sees the spaceship moving near the speed of light parallel to the floor, the angle the bed makes with the floor A) is greater than the angle observed by the astronaut. B) is the same as the angle observed by the astronaut. C) is smaller than the angle observed by the astronaut. D) could be greater or smaller than the angle observed by the astronaut depending on whether the rocket is moving to the right or to the left.

12) Two sources emit beams of light of wavelength 550 nm. The light from source A has an intensity of 10 µW/m2, and the light from source B has an intensity of 20 µW/m2. This is all we know about the two beams. Which of the following statements about these beams are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Beam B carries twice as many photons per second as beam A. B) A photon in beam B has twice the energy of a photon in beam A. C) The frequency of the light in beam B is twice as great as the frequency of the light in beam A. D) A photon in beam B has the same energy as a photon in beam A. E) None of the above statements are true.

13) If a spherical convex mirror has a radius of curvature R, the magnitude of its focal length is A) R/2. B) R/4. C) R. D) 2R. E) 4R.

13) The proton is made up of which one of the following quark combinations (up, down, strange, charm, top, bottom)? A) uud B) ddu C) udd D) ttb E) bst

13) To which of the following values of n does the longest wavelength in the Balmer series correspond? A) 3 B) 5 C) 1 D) 7 E) ∞ (very large)

13) What do we mean when we say that two light rays striking a screen are in phase with each other? A) When the electric field due to one is a maximum, the electric field due to the other is also a maximum, and this relation is maintained as time passes. B) They are traveling at the same speed. C) They have the same wavelength. D) They alternately reinforce and cancel each other.

13) When an object moves close to the speed of light relative to Earth, what happens to its dimensions compared to what they were before it began moving, as measured by an Earth-based observer? A) Only lengths parallel to the direction of travel are decreased. B) Only lengths perpendicular to the direction of travel are decreased. C) All lengths are decreased. D) No lengths are affected.

14) Two beams of coherent light start out at the same point in phase and travel different paths to arrive at point P. If the maximum constructive interference is to occur at point P, the two beams must travel paths that differ by A) a whole number of wavelengths. B) an odd number of half-wavelengths. C) a whole number of half-wavelengths

15) A blue laser beam is incident on a metallic surface, causing electrons to be ejected from the metal. If the frequency of the laser beam is increased while the intensity of the beam is held fixed, A) the rate of ejected electrons will decrease and their maximum kinetic energy will increase. B) the rate of ejected electrons will remain the same but their maximum kinetic energy will increase. C) the rate of ejected electrons will increase and their maximum kinetic energy will increase. D) the rate of ejected electrons will remain the same but their maximum kinetic energy will decrease.

16) A spaceship is moving in a straight line away from Earth at 0.80c, measured relative to Earth. It launches a missile that moves away from the spaceship in the forward direction at 0.60c, relative to the ship. Relative to Earth, what is the speed of this missile? A) greater than 0.80c but less than c B) 1.4 c C) c D) greater than c but less than 1.4c

16) If a sheet containing two very thin slits is heated (without damaging it), what happens to the angular location of the first-order interference minimum? A) It moves toward the centerline. B) It moves away from the centerline. C) It doesn't change.

29) During β- decay A) a neutron is transformed to a proton. B) a proton is transformed to a neutron. C) a neutron is ejected from the nucleus. D) a proton is ejected from the nucleus. E) the number of nucleons increases.

16) In massive stars, three helium nuclei fuse together, forming a carbon nucleus, and this reaction heats the core of the star. The net mass of the three helium nuclei must therefore be A) higher than that of the carbon nucleus. B) less than that of the carbon nucleus. C) the same as that of the carbon nucleus because mass is always conserved. D) the same as that of the carbon nucleus because energy is always conserved.

16) Monochromatic light falls on a metal surface and electrons are ejected. If the intensity of the light is increased, what will happen to the ejection rate and maximum energy of the electrons? A) greater rate; same maximum energy. B) same rate; greater maximum energy. C) greater rate; greater maximum energy. D) same rate; same maximum energy.

16) The Lyman series is formed by electron transitions in hydrogen that A) end on the n = 1 shell. B) begin on the n = 1 shell. C) end on the n = 2 shell. D) begin on the n = 2 shell. E) are between the n = 1 and n = 3 shells

17) A fusion reaction releases energy because the binding energy of the resulting nucleus A) is greater than the binding energy of the original nuclei. B) is equal to the binding energy of the original nuclei. C) is less than the binding energy of the original nuclei. D) is released in the process. E) is absorbed in the process.

17) In a double-slit experiment, it is observed that the distance between adjacent maxima on a remote screen is 1.0 cm. What happens to the distance between adjacent maxima when the slit separation is cut in half? A) It increases to 2.0 cm. B) It increases to 4.0 cm. C) It decreases to 0.50 cm. D) It decreases to 0.25 cm. E) None of these choices are correct.

17) When the surface of a metal is exposed to blue light, electrons are emitted. If the intensity of the blue light is increased, which of the following things will also increase? A) the number of electrons ejected per second B) the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons C) the time lag between the onset of the absorption of light and the ejection of electrons D) the work function of the metal E) all of the above

18) Monochromatic light is incident on a metal surface, and the ejected electrons give rise to a current in the circuit shown in the figure. The maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons is determined by applying a reverse ('stopping') potential, sufficient to reduce the current in the ammeter to zero. If the intensity of the incident light is increased, how will the required stopping potential change? A) It will remain unchanged. B) It will increase. C) It will decrease.

19) When an electron jumps from an orbit where n = 4 to one where n = 2 A) a photon is emitted. B) a photon is absorbed. C) two photons are emitted. D) two photons are absorbed. E) None of the given answers are correct

2) If a proton and an electron have the same de Broglie wavelengths, which one is moving faster? A) the electron B) the proton C) They both have the same speed.

20) A β- particle is also known as A) an electron. B) a positron. C) a helium nucleus. D) a high-energy photon

21) If a sheet containing a single slit is heated (without damaging it) and therefore expands, what happens to the angular location of the first-order diffraction minimum? A) It moves toward the centerline. B) It moves away from the centerline. C) It doesn't change.

21) The figure shows part of the energy level diagram of a certain atom. The energy spacing between levels 1 and 2 is twice that between 2 and 3. If an electron makes a transition from level 3 to level 2, the radiation of wavelength λ is emitted. What possible radiation wavelengths might be produced by other transitions between the three energy levels? A) both λ/2 and λ/3 B) only λ/2 C) both 2λ and 3λ D) only 2λ

22) If the wavelength of a light beam is doubled, what happens to the momentum of the photons in that light beam? A) It is halved. B) It stays the same. C) It is doubled. D) It is reduced by one-fourth of its original value. E) It is increased to four times its original value.

22) The distance between adjacent orbits in a hydrogen atom A) increases with increasing values of n. B) decreases with increasing values of n. C) remains constant for all values of n. D) varies randomly with increasing values of n.

23) Single convex spherical mirrors produce images that A) are always smaller than the actual object. B) are always larger than the actual object. C) are always the same size as the actual object. D) could be larger than, smaller than, or the same size as the actual object, depending on the placement of the object. E) are sometimes real.

23. Four charged particles (two having a charge +Q and two having a charge -Q) are arranged in the xy-plane, as shown in the figure. These particles are all equidistant from the origin. The electric potential (relative to infinity) at point P on the z-axis due to these particles, is A) zero. B) positive. C) negative. D) impossible to determine based on the information given.

24) The wire in the figure carries a steady current I. What is true about the currents induced in each of the three loops shown? The wire and the three loops are all in the same plane. A) No current is induced in any loop. B) The currents are counterclockwise in all three loops. C) The currents are clockwise in all three loops. D) Loop A has clockwise current, loop B has no induced current, and loop C has counterclockwise current. E) Loop A has counterclockwise current, loop B has no induced current, and loop C has clockwise current.

26) In the figure, a bar magnet moves away from the solenoid. The direction of the induced current through the resistor R is A) from a to b. B) from b to a. C) No current is induced.

26) The nuclei of He are also known as A) α particles. B) β particles. C) γ rays. D) x-rays. E) positrons.

27) Which of the following values can be taken by the electron spin quantum number, ms? A) ±1/2 B) 0 C) ±1 D) ±2 E) ±3

29) As shown in the figure, a battery supplies a steady current to the solenoid on the left. The two solenoids are moving toward each other with speeds v. The direction of the induced current through the resistor R is A) from a to b. B) from b to a. C) No current is induced.

3) The index of refraction of a type of glass is 1.50, and the index of refraction of water is 1.33. If light enters water from this glass, the angle of refraction will be A) greater than the angle of incidence. B) equal to the angle of incidence. C) less than the angle of incidence

3) The primary reason that very large nuclei are unstable is due to A) the cumulative repulsive force of the protons. B) the cumulative attractive force between the protons and the orbiting electrons. C) the repulsive force between the neutrons and the protons. D) the extreme weakness of the gravitational attraction of the protons.

30) According to Pauli's exclusion principle, how many electrons in an atom may have a particular set of quantum numbers? A) 1 B) 3 C) 2 D) 4 E) 5

31) When a β- particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus A) increases by 1. B) decreases by 1. C) increases by 2. D) decreases by 2. E) does not change.

32) A convex lens has focal length f. If an object is placed at a distance of 2f from the lens on the principal axis, the image is located at a distance from the lens A) of 2f. B) between f and 2f. C) of f. D) between the lens and f. E) of infinity.

32) As shown in the figure, a metal bar is in contact with a pair of parallel rails. A steady, uniform, magnetic field B is present directed to the right. The bar is moving upward with velocity of magnitude ν. What is the polarity of the induced emf in terminals X and Y? A) X and Y are at the same potential. B) X is positive and Y is negative. C) Y is positive and X is negative.

33) In β- decay, the number of neutrons in the nucleus is A) decreased by 1. B) decreased by 2. C) increased by 1. D) increased by 2. E) remains unchanged.

34) A circular wire ring is situated above a long straight wire, as shown in the figure. The straight wire has a current I flowing to the right, and this current is increasing at a constant rate. Which of the following statements is true? A) There is an induced current in the wire ring, directed in clockwise orientation. B) There is an induced current in the wire ring, directed in a counterclockwise orientation. C) There is no induced current in the wire ring.

35) If a object is placed between a convex lens and its focal point, the image formed is A) virtual and upright. B) virtual and inverted. C) real and upright. D) real and inverted.

35) In positron decay, the number of protons in the nucleus is A) decreased by 1. B) decreased by 2. C) increased by 1. D) increased by 2. E) remains unchanged.

36) A radioactive isotope of atomic number Z emits an alpha particle, and the daughter nucleus then emits a beta-minus particle. What is the atomic number of the resulting nucleus? A) Z -1 B) Z + 1 C) Z - 2 D) Z - 3

37) As shown in the figure, a metal bar is in contact with a pair of metal parallel rails. A steady uniform magnetic field B, perpendicular to the plane of the rails and pointing outward from the page, is present. The bar is in downward motion with velocity of magnitude ν. The direction of the induced current through the resistor R is A) from a to b. B) from b to a. C) No current is induced.

38) Polonium-216 decays to lead-212 by emitting what kind of nuclear radiation? A) alpha B) beta-minus C) beta-plus D) gamma E) x-rays.

40) The elements in the periodic table that have completely filled shells or subshells are referred to as A) noble gases. B) halogens. C) alkali metals. D) transition elements.

42) If the secondary coil of a transformer contains more loops than the primary coil, then it is a A) step-up transformer. B) step-down transformer.

44) The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5.3 years, while that of strontium-90 is about 29 years. Suppose you have samples of both isotopes, and that they initially contain equal numbers of atoms of these isotopes. How will the activities (number of decays per second) of the samples compare? A) The activity of the cobalt-60 sample will be greater. B) The activities cannot be compared without more information. C) The activities will be equal. D) The activity of the strontium-90 sample will be greater.

45) The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5.3 years, while that of strontium-90 is about 29 years. Suppose you have samples of both isotopes, and that they initially have the same activity (number of decays per second). What must be true of the numbers of cobalt-60 and strontium-90 nuclei in these samples? A) There are more strontium-90 than cobalt-60 nuclei. B) There are equal numbers of cobalt-60 and strontium-90 nuclei. C) There are more cobalt-60 than strontium-90 nuclei. D) It is not possible to compare numbers of nuclei without knowing the masses of the samples.

47) What happens to the half-life of a radioactive substance as it decays? A) It remains constant. B) It increases. C) It decreases at a constant rate. D) It decreases at an exponential rate.

48) What happens to the half-life of a radioactive substance as we increase its temperature? A) It does not change. B) It increases. C) It decreases at a constant rate. D) It decreases at an exponential rate.

49) Two radioactive isotopes, X and Y, both decay to stable products. The half-life of X is about a day, while that of Y is about a week. Suppose a radioactive sample consists of a mixture of these two nuclides. If the mixture is such that the activities arising from X and Y are initially equal, then a few days later the activity of the sample will be due A) predominantly to Y. B) predominantly to X. C) entirely to Y. D) to X and Y equally.

52) Farsightedness can usually be corrected with A) converging lenses. B) diverging lenses. C) convex mirrors. D) cylindrical lenses. E) concave mirrors.

52) Modern in-air nuclear bomb tests have created an extra high level of 14C in our atmosphere. If future archaeologists date samples from this era, without knowing of this testing, will their carbon-14 dates be too young, too old, or correct? If correct, why? A) Too young. B) Too old. C) Correct, since 14C from bomb tests is different from that produced naturally. D) Correct, because modern biological materials do not gather 14C from bomb tests

53) A little known fact is that both Robinson Crusoe and Friday wore eyeglasses. As it so happens, Robinson Crusoe was farsighted while Friday was nearsighted. Whose eyeglasses did they use whenever they wanted to start a fire by focusing the sun's rays? A) Robinson Crusoe's B) Friday's C) Both would work equally well. D) Both actually worked, but Friday's was a little bit better. E) Neither's worked, but fortunately they were in possession of matches.

54) What type of lens is used to make a magnifying glass? A) converging B) diverging C) Either type would work equally well.

6) A photon of blue light and a photon of red light are traveling in vacuum. The photon of blue light A) has a smaller wavelength than a photon of red light and travels with the same speed. B) has a smaller wavelength than a photon of red light and travels with a greater speed. C) has a longer wavelength than a photon of red light and travels with the same speed. D) has a longer wavelength than a photon of red light and travels with a greater speed

62) You are given two converging lenses to build a compound microscope. Lens A has focal length 0.50 cm and lens B has focal length of 3.0 cm. Which one of the two lenses would you use for the objective? A) Lens A, because it has the shorter focal length. B) Lens B, because it has the longer focal length. C) It makes no difference which lens I use for the objective. D) None, because the objective should be a diverging lens.

66) You have a choice between two lenses of focal lengths fa and fb, where fb = 2fa, to use as the objective lens in building a refracting telescope. If the magnification you obtain using lens a is Ma, what will be the magnification when using lens b? A) Mb = 2 Ma B) Mb = 4 Ma C) Mb = 8 Ma D) Mb = Ma/4 E) Mb = Ma/2

67) A refracting telescope has a magnification M. If the focal length of the objective lens is doubled and the eyepiece focal length is halved, what is the new magnification? A) 4M B) 2M C) M/2 D) M/4 E) M

7) At a certain instant in time, the electric field of an electromagnetic wave in free space points in the -z direction, and the magnetic field points in the +y direction. In what direction is this wave traveling? A) +x direction B) -x direction C) +y direction D) -z direction E) +z direction

7) Increasing the brightness of a beam of light without changing its color will increase A) the number of photons per second traveling in the beam. B) the energy of each photon. C) the speed of the photons. D) the frequency of the light. E) the wavelength of the photons.

7) Observer A sees a pendulum oscillating back and forth in a relativistic rocket and measures its period to be TA. Observer B moves along with the rocket and measures the period of the pendulum to be TB. What is true about these two time measurements? A) TA > TB B) TA = TB C) TA < TB D) TA could be greater or smaller than TB depending on the direction of the motion.

7) The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of what particles in the nucleus? A) protons B) neutrons C) nucleons D) electrons E) positrons.

8) If the wavelength of a photon is doubled, what happens to its energy? A) It is reduced to one-half of its original value. B) It stays the same. C) It is doubled. D) It is increased to four times its original value. E) It is reduced to one-fourth of its original value.

8) Which statements about images are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) A virtual image cannot be formed on a screen. B) A virtual image cannot be viewed by the unaided eye. C) A virtual image cannot be photographed. D) A real image must be erect. E) Mirrors always produce real images because they reflect light.

9) Suppose one twin takes a ride in a spaceship traveling at a very high speed to a distant star and then back again, while the other twin remains on Earth. Compared to the twin who remained on Earth, the astronaut twin is A) younger than the Earth-twin. B) the same age as the Earth-twin. C) older than the Earth-twin. D) The ages cannot be determined from the information provided.

1) If the wavelength of a photon in vacuum is the same as the de Broglie wavelength of an electron, which one is traveling faster through space? A) The electron because it has more mass. B) The photon because photons always travel through space faster than electrons. C) They both have the same speed.

10) If the maximum possible accuracy in measuring the velocity of a particle increases, the maximum possible accuracy in measuring its position will A) increase. B) decrease. C) not be affected.

10) The focal length of a concave mirror has a magnitude of 20 cm. What is its radius of curvature? A) 10 cm B) 40 cm C) -40 cm D) 20 cm E) -20 cm

11) If the maximum possible accuracy in measuring the energy of a particle increases, the maximum possible accuracy in measuring its lifetime will A) increase. B) decrease. C) not be affected.

11) The symbol for a certain isotope of polonium is Po. How many neutrons are there in the nucleus of this isotope? A) 84 B) 130 C) 214 D) 298 E) 314

11) Two sources emit beams of microwaves. The microwaves from source A have a frequency of 10 GHz, and the ones from source B have a frequency of 20 GHz. This is all we know about the two beams. Which of the following statements about these beams are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Beam B carries twice as many photons per second as beam A. B) A photon in beam B has twice the energy of a photon in beam A. C) The intensity of beam B is twice as great as the intensity of beam A. D) A photon in beam B has the same energy as a photon in beam A. E) None of the above statements are true.

12) If a spherical concave mirror has a radius of curvature R, its focal length is A) R/4. B) R/2. C) R. D) 2R. E) 4R.

12) If the maximum possible accuracy in measuring the lifetime of a particle increases, the maximum possible accuracy in measuring its energy will A) increase. B) decrease. C) not be affected.

12) Two light sources are said to be coherent if they are A) of the same frequency. B) of the same frequency, and maintain a constant phase difference. C) of the same amplitude, and maintain a constant phase difference. D) of the same frequency and amplitude.

14) Light of a given wavelength is used to illuminate the surface of a metal, however, no photoelectrons are emitted. In order to cause electrons to be ejected from the surface of this metal you should A) use light of a longer wavelength. B) use light of a shorter wavelength. C) use light of the same wavelength but increase its intensity. D) use light of the same wavelength but decrease its intensity

15) If unpolarized light of intensity I0 passes through an ideal polarizer, what is the intensity of the emerging light? A) I0 B) I0/2 C) I0/4 D) I0/ E) I0/16

15) Two beams of coherent light start out at the same point in phase and travel different paths to arrive at point P. If the maximum destructive interference is to occur at point P, the two beams must travel paths that differ by A) a whole number of wavelengths. B) an odd number of half-wavelengths. C) a whole number of half-wavelengths.

16) For a beam of light, the direction of polarization is defined as A) the beam's direction of travel. B) the direction of the electric field's vibration. C) the direction of the magnetic field's vibration. D) the direction that is perpendicular to both the electric and magnetic field vectors

17) A convex mirror has a focal length of magnitude f. An object is placed in front of this mirror at a point 2/3 f from the face of the mirror. The image will appear A) behind the mirror. B) upright and reduced. C) upright and enlarged. D) inverted and reduced. E) inverted and enlarged.

18) Hydrogen atoms can emit four spectral lines with visible colors from red to violet. These four visible lines emitted by hydrogen atoms are produced by electrons A) that start in the n = 2 level. B) that end up in the n = 2 level. C) that end up in the n = 3 level. D) that end up in the ground state. E) that start in the ground state.

18) If an object is placed at the center of curvature of concave mirror, the image formed by the mirror is located A) out beyond the center of curvature. B) at the center of curvature. C) between the center of curvature and the focal point. D) at the focal point. E) at infinity.

19) The relativistic kinetic energy formula is valid A) only for speeds near the speed of light. B) at all speeds. C) only for subatomic particles, such as electrons and protons

2) Which of the following statements is not true of the strong nuclear force? A) The nuclear force has a short range, of the order of nuclear dimensions. B) For two protons that are very close together, the nuclear force and the electric force have about the same magnitudes. C) The nuclear force does not depend on charge. D) A nucleon in a large nucleus interacts via the nuclear force only with nearby nucleons, not with ones far away in the nucleus. E) The nuclear force affects both neutrons and protons

20) A single-slit diffraction pattern is formed on a distant screen. Assuming the angles involved are small, by what factor will the width of the central bright spot on the screen change if the slit width is doubled? A) It will be cut to one-quarter its original size. B) It will be cut in half. C) It will double. D) It will become four times as large. E) It will become eight times as large.

20) According to the equation E = mc2, an object turns into energy when it reaches the speed of light. A) True B) False

20) The energy difference between adjacent orbit radii in a hydrogen atom A) increases with increasing values of n. B) decreases with increasing values of n. C) remains constant for all values of n. D) varies randomly with increasing values of n.

21) A β+ particle is also known as A) an electron. B) a positron. C) a helium nucleus. D) a high-energy photon

22) If a sheet containing a single thin slit is heated (without damaging it) and therefore expands, what happens to the width of the central bright diffraction region on a distant screen? A) It gets narrower. B) It gets wider. C) It doesn't change.

26) An upright object is 50 cm from a concave mirror of radius 60 cm. The character of the image is A) real and upright B) real and inverted C) virtual and upright D) virtual and inverted

27) As shown in the figure, two parallel wires carry a current I in opposite directions, and this current is decreasing. A rectangular loop is centered between the wires. The direction of the induced current through the resistor R is A) from a to b. B) from b to a. C) No current is induced.

28) As shown in the figure, two solenoids are side by side. The switch S is initially open. When S is suddenly closed, the direction of the induced current through the resistor R is A) from a to b. B) from b to a. C) No current is induced.

28) During β+ decay A) a neutron is transformed to a proton. B) a proton is transformed to a neutron. C) a neutron is ejected from the nucleus. D) a proton is ejected from the nucleus. E) the number of nucleons decreases.

29) According to the quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom, if the principal quantum number is n, how many different orbital angular momentum quantum numbers are permitted? A) n/2 B) n C) 2n D) 3n E) 4n

30) As shown in the figure, a straight wire carries a current I into the page. The wire passes through the center of a toroidal coil. If the current I is quickly reduced to zero, the direction of the induced current through the resistor R is A) from a to b. B) from b to a. C) No current is induced.

30) When a β+ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus A) increases by 1. B) decreases by 1. C) increases by 2. D) decreases by 2. E) does not change.

32) The orbital angular momentum quantum number ℓ can have any integer value ranging from A) 0 to n. B) 0 to (n-1). C) 1 to n. D) 1 to (n+1). E) -n to n.

33) As shown in the figure, two solenoids are in line. The switch S, initially closed, is suddenly opened. Just after opening S, what is the polarity of the induced emf in terminals X and Y? A) X and Y are at the same potential. B) X is positive and Y is negative. C) Y is positive and X is negative.

19) A single-slit diffraction pattern is formed on a distant screen. Assuming the angles involved are small, by what factor will the width of the central bright spot on the screen change if the wavelength of the illuminating light is doubled? A) It will be cut to one-quarter its original size. B) It will be cut in half. C) It will double. D) It will become four times as large. E) It will become eight times as large.

19) An α particle is also known as A) an electron. B) a positron. C) a helium nucleus. D) a high-energy photon.

19) If a calculated quantity has units of T ∙ m/A, that quantity could be A) an electric field. B) an electric potential. C) μ0. D) a magnetic field. E) a magnetic torque.

19) If you stand in front of a convex mirror, at the same distance from it as its radius of curvature, A) you won't see your image because there is none. B) you won't see your image because it is focused at infinity. C) you will see your image and you will appear smaller than you. D) you will see your image and you will appear larger than you. E) you will see your image and it will be the same size as you except upside down.

2) If the index of refraction of a material is 2, this means that light travels A) 2 times as fast in air as it does in vacuum. B) 2 times as fast in the material as it does in air. C) 2 times as fast in vacuum as it does in the material. D) 2 times as fast in the material than it does in vacuum. E) 1/2 as fast in air as it does in the material.

2) Light enters glass from air. The angle of refraction will be A) greater than the angle of incidence. B) equal to the angle of incidence. C) less than the angle of incidence.

2) The image formed in a plane mirror is A) at the same distance in front of the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror. B) a real image behind the mirror. C) at the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror. D) at a shorter distance behind the mirror than the distance the object is in front of the mirror. E) at a larger distance behind the mirror than the distance the object is in front of the mirror.

2) Which one of the following lists gives the correct order of the electromagnetic spectrum from low to high frequencies? A) radio waves, infrared, microwaves, ultraviolet, visible, x-rays, gamma rays B) radio waves, ultraviolet, x-rays, microwaves, infrared, visible, gamma rays C) radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays D) radio waves, microwaves, visible, x-rays, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays E) radio waves, infrared, x-rays, microwaves, ultraviolet, visible, gamma rays

20) If you stand in front of a convex mirror, at the same distance from it as its focal length, A) you won't see your image because there is none. B) you won't see your image because it is focused at infinity. C) you will see your image and you will appear smaller than you. D) you will see your image and you will appear larger than you. E) you will see your image and it will be the same size as you except upside down.

21) If the frequency of a light beam is doubled, what happens to the momentum of the photons in that beam of light? A) It stays the same. B) It is halved. C) It is doubled. D) It is reduced to one-fourth of its original value. E) It is increased to four times its original value.

21) Sometimes when you look into a curved mirror you see a magnified image (a great big you) and sometimes you see a diminished image (a little you). If you look at the bottom (convex) side of a shiny spoon, what will you see? A) You won't see an image of yourself because no image will be formed. B) You will see a little you, upside down. C) You will see a little you, right side up. D) You will see a little you, but whether you are right side up or upside down depends on how near you are to the spoon. E) You will either see a little you or a great big you, depending on how near you are to the spoon.

23) If the wavelength of a photon is the same as the de Broglie wavelength of an electron, which one has the greater momentum? A) The electron because it has more mass. B) The photon because it is traveling faster. C) They both have the same momentum.

25) A beam of light that is parallel to the principal axis strikes a convex mirror. What happens to the reflected beam of light? A) It also is parallel to the principal axis. B) It is perpendicular to the principal axis. C) It appears to be coming from the focal point on the other side of the mirror. D) It appears to be coming from the center of curvature of the mirror. E) It appears to be coming from a point between the focal point and the center of curvature of the mirror.

25) As shown in the figure, a coil of wire is placed in the xy-plane, centered on the z-axis. A solenoid is centered on the z-axis and is carrying a steady dc current. Which one of the following actions will not result induce an emf in the coil? A) Rotate the coil about the x-axis. B) Rotate the coil about the y-axis. C) Rotate the coil about the z-axis. D) Move the coil toward point P. E) Change the current in the solenoid.

26) The orbital angular momentum quantum number can take which of the following values for any given value of the principal quantum number, n? A) ℓ = 0, 1, 2, . . . B) ℓ = 0, 1, 2, . . . , n C) ℓ = 0, 1, 2, . . . , (n - 1) D) ℓ = 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . E) ℓ = 1, 2, 3, 4, . . ., (n + 1)

27) In beta-minus decay A) a proton is emitted. B) a neutron is emitted. C) an electron is emitted. D) an electron decays into another particle. E) a proton is transformed into a neutron.

28) According to the quantum mechanical model of the hydrogen atom, if the orbital angular momentum quantum number is ℓ, there will be how many permitted magnetic quantum numbers? A) ℓ/2 B) 2ℓ C) 2ℓ + 1 D) 2ℓ - 1 E) 3ℓ

3) By what primary heat transfer mechanism does the sun warm the earth? A) convection B) conduction C) radiation D) All of the above processes are equally important in combination.

31) A convex lens has focal length f. If an object is located at "infinity" (very far away), the image formed is located at a distance from the lens A) of 2f. B) between f and 2f. C) of f. D) between the lens and f. E) of infinity.

32) When a β- particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus A) increases by 1. B) decreases by 1. C) increases by 2. D) decreases by 2. E) does not change.

31) As shown in the figure, a C-shaped conductor is in a uniform magnetic field B out of the page, and this field is increasing. What is the polarity of the induced emf in terminals X and Y? A) X and Y are at the same potential. B) X is positive and Y is negative. C) Y is positive and X is negative

31) The principal quantum number n can have any integer value ranging from A) -∞ to +∞. B) 0 to ∞. C) 1 to ∞. D) 1 to 100.

34) In β- decay, the number of protons in the nucleus is A) decreased by 1. B) decreased by 2. C) increased by 1. D) increased by 2. E) remains unchanged.

35) As shown in the figure, a metal bar is in contact with a pair of parallel rails and is in motion with an upward velocity of magnitude ν. A uniform magnetic field is present, directed downward as shown. The direction of the induced current through the resistor R is A) from a to b. B) from b to a. C) No current is induced.

35) What is the atomic number of a neutral atom that has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2? A) 5 B) 11 C) 14 D) 20

38) In its ground state, the quantum numbers (n, ℓ, m1, ms) for hydrogen are, respectively, A) 1, 1, 1, 1. B) 1, 0, 0, 0. C) 1, 0, 0, ±1/2. D) 1, 1, 1, ±1/2.

39) An ac generator consisting of a coil with N turns rotating at angular speed ω in an external magnetic field B produces a maximum emf ε0.If you now decrease the number of turns in the coil to N/2 and at the same time cause it to rotate twice as fast, what will be the new maximum emf if you do not change any of the other quantities? A) 4ε0 B) 2ε0 C) ε0 D) ε0/2 E) ε0/4

4) A lighted candle is placed a short distance from a plane mirror, as shown in the figure. At which location will the image of the flame appear to be located? A) at A B) at B C) at C D) at M (at the mirror)

4) Atomic nuclei that are all isotopes of an element all have the same A) number of nucleons. B) mass. C) number of protons. D) number of neutrons.

4) In an electromagnetic wave in free space, the electric and magnetic fields are A) parallel to one another and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. B) parallel to one another and parallel to the direction of wave propagation. C) perpendicular to one another and perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. D) perpendicular to one another and parallel to the direction of wave propagation

40) A transformer is a device used to A) transform an alternating current into a direct current. B) transform a direct current into an alternating current. C) increase or decrease an ac voltage. D) increase or decrease a dc voltage.

40) A β- decay occurs in an unstable nucleus when A) a proton is converted to an electron by the strong force. B) a proton is converted to a neutron by the strong force. C) a neutron is converted to a proton by the weak force. D) a neutron is converted to an alpha particle by the weak force. E) a neutron is converted to a positron by the weak force.

40) If the magnification of a mirror or lens is negative, it means that A) the image is smaller than the object. B) the image is inverted and smaller than the object. C) the image is inverted. D) the object is farther from the mirror (or lens) than the image. E) the image is farther from the mirror (or lens) than the object

41) Is it possible to see a virtual image? A) No, since the rays that seem to emanate from a virtual image do not in fact emanate from the image. B) No, since virtual images do not really exist. C) Yes because the rays that appear to come from a virtual image can be focused by the eye just like those from an object. D) Yes, but only by using an additional lens to form a real image before the light reaches the eye.

41) When an unstable nucleus decays by emitting an alpha particle, the atomic number Z of the nucleus A) increases by 4. B) increases by 2. C) decreases by 2. D) decreases by 4. E) remains unchanged.

43) If a single lens forms a virtual image of an object, then A) the lens must be a diverging lens. B) the lens must be a converging lens. C) the lens could be either a diverging or a converging lens. D) the image must be inverted. E) the object must be between the lens and its focal point.

47) The focal length of the lens of a simple digital camera is 40 mm, and it is originally focused on a person 25 m away. In what direction must the lens be moved to change the focus of the camera to a person 4.0 m away? A) It does not make any difference. B) sideways from the CCD sensors C) away from the CCD sensors D) towards the CCD sensors

48) The closest object that a typical young person with normal vision can focus on clearly is closest to A) 1 cm. B) 10 cm. C) 25 cm. D) 50 cm. E) 75 cm.

5) Given perfect lenses, what is the main reason that a telescope with a large-diameter objective lens can produce a sharper image than one with a small-diameter lens? A) A larger lens can gather more light than a smaller lens. B) A larger lens can focus more accurately than a smaller lens. C) There is less diffraction with a larger lens than with a smaller lens. D) A larger lens can focus more wavelengths of light than a smaller lens. E) A larger lens has a longer focal length than a smaller lens.

5) Inside the nucleus, the weakest of the four fundamental forces is A) the weak nuclear force. B) the electromagnetic force. C) the gravitational force. D) the strong nuclear force.

6) A spaceship traveling at constant velocity passes by Earth and later passes by Mars. In which frame of reference is the amount of time separating these two events the proper time? A) the Earth frame of reference B) the Mars frame of reference C) the spaceship frame of reference D) any inertial frame of reference E) any frame of reference, inertial or not

6) An yttrium isotope has 39 protons and 50 neutrons in its nucleus. Which one of the following symbols accurately represents this isotope? A) Y B) Y C) Y D) Y E) Y look on paper

6) Protons are being accelerated in a particle accelerator. When the speed of the protons is doubled, their de Broglie wavelength will A) increase by a factor of 4. B) increase by a factor of 2. C) decrease by a factor of 2. D) increase by a factor of . E) decrease by a factor of .

6) With what color light would you expect to be able to see the finest detail when using a microscope? A) red, because of its long wavelength B) yellow, because of its intermediate wavelength C) blue, because of its shorter wavelength D) The color does not matter.

64) Which one of the following is normally not a characteristic of a simple two-lens refracting astronomical telescope? A) The angular size of the final image is larger than that of the object. B) The final image is virtual. C) The objective forms a virtual image. D) The final image is inverted.

65) A simple refracting telescope provides large magnification by employing A) a short focal length objective and a short focal length eyepiece. B) a short focal length objective and a long focal length eyepiece. C) a long focal length objective and a short focal length eyepiece. D) a long focal length objective and a long focal length eyepiece.

7) A proton and an electron are both accelerated to the same final speed. If λp is the de Broglie wavelength of the proton and λe is the de Broglie wavelength of the electron, then A) λp > λe. B) λp = λe. C) λp < λe.

8) A 30-year-old astronaut goes off on a long-term mission in a spacecraft that travels at speeds close to that of light. The mission lasts exactly 20 years as measured on Earth. Biologically speaking, at the end of the mission, the astronaut's age would be A) more than 50 years. B) exactly 50 years. C) less than 50 years. D) exactly 30 years. E) exactly 25 years.

8) A proton and an electron are both accelerated to the same final kinetic energy. If λp is the de Broglie wavelength of the proton and λe is the de Broglie wavelength of the electron, then A) λp > λe. B) λp = λe. C) λp < λe.

8) Leptons can interact by which of the following forces? A) strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force, gravitation B) strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force C) weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force, gravitation D) strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force E) strong nuclear force, electromagnetic force, gravitation

8) The mass number of an atom is equal to the number of what particles in the nucleus? A) protons B) neutrons C) nucleons D) electrons E) positrons.

9) For a certain electromagnetic wave in free space, at one instant the electric field vector points in the +z direction while the magnetic field vector points in the +x direction, as shown in the figure. In what direction is this wave traveling? A) +x B) -x C) +y D) -y E) +z

9) Which of the following particles are leptons? (There may be more than one correct choice.) A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) photons E) quarks

During a period of high power demand, the voltage output of the power company is reduced by 5.0%. By what percentage is the power in a resistor decreased? A) 2.5% B) 5.0% C) 10% D) 15% E) 90%

1) A light beam has speed c in vacuum and speed v in a certain plastic. The index of refraction n of this plastic is A) n = cv. B) n = (v/c)2. C) n = v/c. D) n = c/v. E) n = (c/v)2.

1) An object having a fixed emissivity of 0.725 radiates heat at a rate of 10 W when it is at an absolute temperature T. If its temperature is doubled to 2T, at what rate will it now radiate? A) 20 W B) 40 W C) 80 W D) 160 W E) 320 W

1) Which one of the following is not an electromagnetic wave? A) ultraviolet B) infrared C) radio waves D) sound waves E) gamma rays

10) In a 93 41 Nb nucleus, how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are found there? A) 41, 52, 93. B) 41, 52, 41. C) 52, 41, 41. D) 41, 52, 0. E) 93, 41, 93.

10) You are a passenger on a spaceship. As the speed of the spaceship increases, you will observe A) the length of your spaceship getting shorter. B) the length of your spaceship getting longer. C) the length of your spaceship is zero. D) no change in the length of your spaceship.

11) In a double-slit interference experiment you are asked to use laser light of different wavelengths and determine the separation between adjacent maxima. You observe that this separation is greatest when you illuminate the double slit with A) blue light. B) green light. C) yellow light. D) red light. E) The separation is the same for all wavelengths.

12) The symbol for a certain isotope of radium is 226 88 Ra. How many nucleons are there in the nucleus of this isotope? A) 88 B) 138 C) 214 D) 226 E) 314

13) The symbol for a certain isotope of strontium is 90 38 Sr. What is the mass number of this isotope? A) 38 B) 52 C) 88 D) 90 E) 128

13) Which one of the following expressions is the correct representation for the speed of light in vacuum? A) B) C) D) 1 / sqrt(eouo) E) 1 / ε0μ0

15) The atomic mass unit is defined as A) the mass of a proton. B) the mass of an electron. C) the mass of a hydrogen-1 atom. D) one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. E) the mass of a carbon-12 nucleus

16) An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at a distance larger than twice the magnitude of the focal length of the mirror. The image will appear A) in front of the mirror. B) inverted and reduced. C) inverted and enlarged. D) upright and reduced. E) upright and enlarged.

16) Which of the following particles (or groups of particles) are made up of quarks? A) protons, neutrons, and electrons B) electrons and neutrinos C) photons D) protons and neutrons E) All particles except for photons are made up of quarks.

17) What are the possible charges of a quark (not an antiquark)? A) -e, 0, e B) -2/3 e, -1/3 e, +1/3 e, +2/3 e C) -2/3 e, +1/3 e D) -1/3 e, +2/3 e E) -1/3 e, +1/3 e

17) You are moving at a speed 2/3 c toward Randy when shines a light toward you. At what speed do you see the light approaching you? A) 1/3 c B) 2/3 c C) 4/3 c D) c

18) How many quarks are in a deuteron, 2 1 H? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 6 E) 9

18) The binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus A) increases steadily as we go to heavier elements. B) decreases steadily as we go to heavier elements. C) is approximately constant throughout the periodic table, except for very light nuclei. D) has a maximum near iron in the periodic table and decreases after that for heavier elements. E) has a minimum near iron in the periodic table and increases after that for heavier elements.

18) The special theory of relativity predicts that there is an upper limit to the speed of an object. It therefore follows that there is also an upper limit on which of the following properties of the object? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The kinetic energy of the object. B) The total energy of the object. C) The linear momentum of the object. D) None of the above.

22) A gamma ray is also known as A) an electron. B) a positron. C) a helium nucleus. D) a high-energy photon.

22) Single concave spherical mirrors produce images that A) are always smaller than the actual object. B) are always larger than the actual object. C) are always the same size as the actual object. D) could be smaller than, larger than, or the same size as the actual object, depending on the placement of the object. E) are always real.

23) If a hydrogen atom originally in a state with principal quantum number n is excited to state n' = 2n, then A) its radius and binding energy will double. B) its radius will quadruple and the binding energy will double. C) its radius will double and the binding energy will quadruple. D) its radius will quadruple and the binding energy will be reduced by a factor of four. E) its radius and binding energy will quadruple.

23) What is the mass number of alpha particles? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 6

24) A beam of light that is parallel to the principal axis strikes a concave mirror. What happens to the reflected beam of light? A) It also is parallel to the principal axis. B) It is perpendicular to the principal axis. C) It passes through the center of curvature of the mirror. D) It passes through the focal point of the mirror. E) It passes between the focal point and the center of curvature of the mirror

24) Which of the following statements are true for the Bohr model of the atom? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The spacing between all the electron shells is the same. B) The energy difference between all the electron shells is the same. C) As we look at higher and higher electron shells, they get closer and closer together, but the difference in energy between them gets greater and greater. D) As we look at higher and higher electron shells, they get farther and farther apart, but the difference in energy between them gets smaller and smaller. E) There is no general pattern in the spacing of the shells or their energy differences

25) A hydrogen atom is in the 6h state. What is the principal quantum number. A) 0 B) 3 C) 5 D) 6 E) 7

27) Suppose you wanted to start a fire using a mirror to focus sunlight. Which of the following statements is most accurate? A) It would be best to use a plane mirror. B) It would be best to use a convex mirror. C) It would be best to use a concave mirror, with the object to be ignited positioned at the center of curvature of the mirror. D) It would be best to use a concave mirror, with the object to be ignited positioned halfway between the mirror and its center of curvature. E) One cannot start a fire using a mirror, since mirrors form only virtual images

3) The two strongest forces that act between protons in a nucleus are A) the weak nuclear and electromagnetic forces. B) the weak nuclear and the gravitational forces. C) the electrostatic and the gravitational forces. D) the strong nuclear and the electrostatic forces.

3) When light travels from air into water, A) its velocity, wavelength and frequency all change. B) its velocity changes, but its frequency and wavelength do not change. C) its frequency changes, but its velocity and wavelength do not change. D) its velocity and wavelength change, but its frequency does not change. E) its wavelength changes, but its velocity and frequency do not change

3) Which one of the following lists gives the correct order of the electromagnetic waves from longer wavelength to shorter wavelength? A) radio waves, infrared, microwaves, ultraviolet, visible, x-rays, gamma rays B) radio waves, ultraviolet, x-rays, microwaves, infrared, visible, gamma rays C) radio waves, microwaves, visible, x-rays, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays D) radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays E) radio waves, infrared, x-rays, microwaves, ultraviolet, visible, gamma rays

3) You are riding in a spaceship that has no windows, radios, or other means for you to observe or measure what is outside. You wish to determine if the ship is stopped or moving at constant velocity. How can you do this? A) You can determine if the ship is moving by determining the apparent velocity of light in the spaceship. B) You can determine if the ship is moving by checking your precision time piece. If it's running slow, the ship is moving. C) You can determine if the ship is moving by lying down and measuring your height. If you are shorter than usual, the ship is moving. D) You should give up because you have taken on an impossible task!

33) A convex lens has focal length f. If an object is placed at a distance between f and 2f from the lens on the principal axis, the image is located at a distance from the lens A) of 2f. B) between f and 2f. C) of f. D) that is greater than 2f. E) of infinity.

34) The electron spin quantum number can have values of A) -1/2, -1, 0, +1, +1/2. B) -1/2, -1, +1, +1/2. C) -1/2, 0, +1/2. D) -1/2, +1/2. E) only +1/2.

36) Starting from very far away, an object is moved closer and closer to a converging lens, eventually reaching the lens. What happens to its image formed by that lens? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The image gets closer and closer to the lens. B) The image gets farther and farther from the lens. C) The image eventually changes from virtual to real. D) The image eventually changes from real to virtual. E) The image keeps getting larger and larger.

37) If n = 5, which one of the following is not an allowed magnetic quantum number m1? A) 0 B) 2 C) 4 D) 5

42) When an unstable nucleus decays by emitting an alpha particle, the atomic mass number A of the nucleus A) increases by 4. B) increases by 2. C) decreases by 2. D) decreases by 4. E) remains unchanged.

44) Which statement about a single thin lens is correct? A) A converging lens always produces a real inverted image. B) A diverging lens always produces a virtual inverted image. C) A converging lens sometimes produces a real upright image. D) A diverging lens always produces a virtual upright image. E) A diverging lens produces a virtual upright image only if the object is located between the lens and its focal point.

46) If the half-life of a material is 45 years, how much of it will be left after 100 years? A) more than 1/2 B) less than 1/2 but more than 1/4 C) more than 1/4 but less than 1/2 D) less than 1/4 but more than 1/8 E) less than 1/8

5) Which one of the following numbers is the correct magnification produced by a plane mirror? A) 1/2 B) 1/4 C) 2 D) 1 E) 3/2

53) Carbon-14 decays by β- emission. What nucleus is left after this decay? A) carbon-13 B) carbon-14 C) carbon-15 D) nitrogen-14 E) nitrogen-15

57) For relaxed viewing with a microscope or a telescope, the eyepiece is adjusted to place the image at A) the near point of the eye. B) the pupil of the eye. C) the focal point of the eyepiece. D) infinity. E) the focal point of the objective lens.

57) The energy radiated by a star, such as the sun, results chiefly from A) beta decay. B) alpha decay. C) fission reactions. D) fusion reactions. E) radioactivity.

6) Inside the nucleus, the strongest of the four fundamental forces is A) the weak nuclear force. B) the electromagnetic force. C) the gravitational force. D) the strong nuclear force.

61) Which one of the following statements is correct? A) The image formed by the objective of a microscope is smaller than the object. B) The image formed by the objective lens of a telescope is larger than the object. C) The image formed by the eyepiece is real for both a microscope and a telescope. D) The image formed by the objective lens of a microscope is larger than the object

63) To maximize the magnification of a refracting telescope, what lenses should you choose? A) The objective lens and eyepiece should both have small focal lengths. B) The objective lens and eyepiece should both have large focal lengths. C) The objective lens should have a small focal length and the eyepiece should have a large focal length. D) The objective lens should have a large focal length and the eyepiece should have a small focal length. E) The objective lens should have a large focal length, but it doesn't matter what the focal length of the eyepiece is.

7) Suppose you place an object in front of a concave mirror. Which of the following statements must be true? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The image of the object will always be smaller than the object. B) No matter where you place the object, a real image of the object will be formed. C) The image of the object will always be inverted. D) If you position the object between the mirror and the focal point of the mirror, its image must be upright and virtual. E) No matter where you place the object, the image of the object will always be virtual and upright.

8) An electromagnetic wave travels in free space in the +y direction, as shown in the figure. If the electric field at the origin is along the +z direction, what is the direction of the magnetic field? A) +z B) -z C) +y D) +x E) -x

9) A negative magnification for a mirror means that A) the image is inverted, and the mirror could be either concave or convex. B) the image is upright, and the mirror is convex. C) the image is inverted, and the mirror is convex. D) the image is inverted, and the mirror is concave. E) the image is upright, and the mirror could be either concave or convex

11) The energy density of an electromagnetic wave in free space is A) entirely in the electric field. B) entirely in the magnetic field. C) 1/4 in the electric field and 3/4 in the magnetic field. D) 1/4 in the magnetic field and 3/4 in the electric field. E) equally divided between the magnetic and the electric fields.

13) A beam of light falling on a metal surface is causing electrons to be ejected from the surface. If we now double the frequency of the light, which of the following statements are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The kinetic energy of the ejected electrons doubles. B) The speed of the ejected electrons doubles. C) The number of electrons ejected per second doubles. D) Twice as many photons hit the metal surface as before. E) None of the above things occur.

14) A really high-speed train moves in a direction parallel to its length with a speed that approaches the speed of light. The height of the train, as measured by a stationary observer on the ground, A) approaches infinity. B) approaches zero. C) increases slightly. D) decreases slightly. E) does not change due to the motion

14) To which of the following values of n does the shortest wavelength in the Balmer series correspond? A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 1 E) ∞ (very large)

17) The Paschen series is formed by electron transitions that A) end on the n = 1 shell. B) begin on the n = 1 shell. C) end on the n = 2 shell. D) begin on the n = 3 shell. E) end on the n = 3 shell.

19) How many quarks are in a tritium isotope, 3 1 H? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 6 E) 9

2) If the absolute temperature of an object is tripled, the thermal power radiated by this object (assuming that its emissivity and size are not affected by the temperature change) will A) increase by a factor of 3. B) increase by a factor of 9. C) increase by a factor of 18. D) increase by a factor of 27. E) increase by a factor of 81.

2) If you were in a spaceship traveling close to the speed of light with respect to Earth, you would notice that A) some of your physical dimensions were smaller than normal. B) your mass was less than normal. C) your mass was greater than normal. D) your pulse rate was greater than normal. E) none of the above effects occur.

3) You may have seen ambulances on the street with the letters of the word AMBULANCE written on the front of them, in such a way as to appear correctly when viewed in your car's rear-view mirror. (See the figure.) How do the letters appear when you look directly at the ambulance (not through the mirror)? A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e

36) If ℓ = 4, which one of the following is a possible quantum number for n? A) 0 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8

38) Which of following statements about the image formed by a single converging lens are true? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The image is always real. B) The image is always virtual. C) The image is always inverted. D) The image is always upright. E) None of the above choices are correct.

49) If the lens in a person's eye is too highly curved, this person is suffering from A) farsightedness. B) spherical aberration. C) astigmatism. D) chromatic aberration. E) nearsightedness.

5) Protons are being accelerated in a particle accelerator. When the energy of the protons is doubled, their de Broglie wavelength will A) increase by a factor of 4. B) increase by a factor of 2. C) decrease by a factor of 2. D) increase by a factor of . E) decrease by a factor of sq rt 2 .

5) You are a passenger on a spaceship. As the speed of the spaceship increases, you will observe A) your watch slowing down. B) your watch speeding up. C) your watch losing time. D) your watch gaining time. E) nothing unusual about the behavior of your watch.

50) If the back of a person's eye is too close to the lens, this person is suffering from A) nearsightedness. B) spherical aberration. C) astigmatism. D) chromatic aberration. E) farsightedness.

50) Suppose the half-life of an isotope is 2 days. You purchase 10 grams of the isotope, but it was produced in a laboratory 4 days before it was delivered to you. How much of this isotope will you have 3 days after it was delivered to you? A) more than 2.5 grams but less than 5 grams B) 2.5 grams C) more than 1.25 grams but less than 2.5 grams D) 1.25 grams E) less than 1.25 grams

54) A person receives an absorbed dose of protons of 20 millirads. The RBE of protons is 5. What is this person's equivalent dose in rem? A) 4 millirem B) 15 millirem C) 20 millirem D) 25 millirem E) 100 millirem

55) In a compound microscope A) both the objective and the eyepiece form real images. B) magnification is provided by the objective lens and not by the eyepiece. The eyepiece merely increases the resolution of the image viewed. C) magnification is provided by the objective and not by the eyepiece. The eyepiece merely increases the brightness of the image viewed. D) the magnification is m1 + M2, where m1 is the lateral magnification of the objective and M2 is the angular magnification of the eyepiece. E) the image of the objective serves as the object for the eyepiece.

59) You have a choice between two lenses of focal lengths fa and fb, where fb = 2fa, to use as the objective lens in building a compound microscope. If the magnification you obtain using lens a is Ma, what will be the magnification when using lens b? A) Mb = 2 Ma B) Mb = 4 Ma C) Mb = 8 Ma D) Mb = Ma/4 E) Mb = Ma/2

6) As you walk away from a plane mirror on a wall, the height of your image A) gets smaller. B) may or may not get smaller, depending on where the observer is positioned. C) is always a real image, no matter how far you are from the mirror. D) changes from being a virtual image to a real image as you pass the focal point. E) is always the same size.

6) Which one of the following types of electromagnetic wave travels through space the fastest? A) radio waves B) infrared C) ultraviolet D) microwaves E) They all travel through space at the same speed.

60) Which one of the following is a characteristic of a compound microscope? A) The objective is a diverging lens. B) The eyepiece is a diverging lens. C) The final image is real. D) The image formed by the objective is virtual. E) The image formed by the objective is real.

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