PHYSIO: chapter 1 practice questions

40. The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is A. increased blood glucose concentrations. B. increased blood calcium concentrations. C. increased body temperature. D. increased exposure to sunlight.

A. increased blood glucose concentrations.

33. Insulin is secreted from structures called A. pancreatic islets. B. sebaceous glands. C. apocrine glands. D. intercalated discs.

A. pancreatic islets.

14. For a theory to be scientific and accepted, it must be based on A. reproducible data. B. blind faith. C. a single hypothesis. D. the word of a professional scientist.

A. reproducible data.

71. Which type of epithelial membrane would be found lining the uterine tubes? A. simple ciliated columnar epithelium B. stratified cuboidal epithelium C. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium D. simple cuboidal epithelium

A. simple ciliated columnar epithelium

10. Which of the following is NOT part of a phase I clinical trial? A. testing on the target human population B. testing how the drug is metabolized C. testing how rapidly the drug is removed from the body D. testing the most effective administration of the drug

A. testing on the target human population

69. Epithelial membranes that are more than one layer thick are called A. simple. B. stratified. C. squamous. D. ciliated.

B. stratified.

31. _________________ homeostatic regulatory mechanisms are "built-in" to the organs being regulated. A. Intrinsic B. Extrinsic C. Exothermic D. Passive

A. Intrinsic

53. _______________ is a series of wavelike contractions of circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle that push food from one end of the digestive tract to the other. A. Peristalsis B. Locomotion C. Negative feedback inhibition D. A graded contraction

A. Peristalsis

11. When a scientist performs measurements in an experiment and does not know if the subject is part of the experimental or the control group, it is known as a _________ measurement. A. blind B. qualitative C. null D. statistical

A. blind

93. What protein is present in large amounts in connective tissue proper? A. collagen B. keratin C. enamel D. mucin

A. collagen

59. The highly branched extensions of a neuron whose function is to receive input from other neurons or receptor cells are called A. dendrites. B. axons. C. cell bodies. D. glia.

A. dendrites.

1. Physiology A. emphasizes cause-and-effect mechanisms. B. includes the fields of chemistry and psychology. C. ignores the scientific method. D. ultimately strives to understand the structures of individual cells.

A. emphasizes cause-and-effect mechanisms.

2. The study of how disease or injury alters physiological processes is termed A. comparative physiology. B. the scientific method. C. pathophysiology. D. anatomy.

C. pathophysiology.

73. A single layer of irregularly shaped epithelial cells found lining the respiratory tract is called A. simple columnar epithelium. B. stratified cuboidal epithelium. C. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. D. transitional epithelium.

C. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

51. Contraction of ____________ muscle can be consciously controlled. A. cardiac B. smooth C. skeletal

C. skeletal

12. It is NOT possible to determine whether the data collected in an experiment are different between the control and experimental groups unless the scientist employs the use of the mathematical tools of A. algebra. B. trigonometry. C. statistics. D. graphing.

C. statistics

29. ____________ and ____________ are often regulators of effectors in most feedback loops. A. Enzymes, neurotransmitters B. Hormones, neurotransmitters C. Nerves, enzymes D. Hormones, nerves E. Enzymes, hormones

D. Hormones, nerves

5. The scientific method is only concerned with experimentation.

FALSE

50. All skeletal muscles cause movement of the skeleton.

FALSE

6. Scientific theories are based on a single hypothesis.

FALSE

61. Transitional epithelium consists of a single layer of rounded, nonkeratinized cells which function to strengthen luminal walls.

FALSE

63. Stratified epithelial membranes provide little protection but transport substances between the internal and external environments.

FALSE

78. Epithelial tissue will bleed profusely when cut.

FALSE

8. Phase IV clinical drug trials involve testing a drug only on the specific human population who have the condition that the drug is intended to treat.

FALSE

82. One exocrine function of the skin is the synthesis and secretion of melanin from the sebaceous glands.

FALSE

70. Histological examination of a membrane shows several layers of keratinized flattened cells. This sample most likely came from A. the epidermis of the skin. B. the lining of the oral cavity. C. the lining of the urinary bladder. D. the lining of the digestive tract.

A. the epidermis of the skin.

75. Specialized epithelial cells that line the urinary bladder that allow distention are called A. transitional epithelium. B. stratified cuboidal epithelium. C. simple columnar epithelium. D. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

A. transitional epithelium.

77. The entire epidermis is replaced every A. 2-3 days. B. 2 weeks. C. 2-3 hours. D. 2 months.

B. 2 weeks.

26. The normal range of arterial blood pH is A. 6.50-7.50. B. 7.35-7.45. C. 6.95-7.05. D. 7.15-7.25.

B. 7.35-7.45.

18. The Nobel Prize was awarded to __________, __________, and ____________ for determining the structure of DNA. A. Watson, Krebs, Buck B. Crick, Wilkins, Watson C. Buck, Axel, Pavlov D. Krebs, Sperry, Huxley

B. Crick, Wilkins, Watson

83. _______________ glands secrete chemicals through a duct that leads to the outside of a membrane. A. Endocrine B. Exocrine

B. Exocrine

86. Clusters of cells in exocrine glands are termed A. goblet cells. B. acini (acinar) cells. C. islet cells. D. reticular cells.

B. acini (acinar) cells.

95. Which type of connective tissue is characterized by a liquid extracellular matrix? A. bone B. blood C. adipose D. irregular dense connective tissue

B. blood

13. A hypothesis is scientific if it A. supports other hypotheses. B. can be tested. C. refutes other hypotheses. D. uses observational analyses.

B. can be tested.

74. The primary structural protein of basement membranes is A. keratin. B. collagen C. melanin. D. myosin.

B. collagen

65. Cells that are as wide as they are tall have a(n) ____________ shape. A. squamous B. cuboidal C. columnar D. rectangular

B. cuboidal

92. Tendons are composed of A. adipose tissue. B. dense regular fibrous connective tissue. C. dense irregular fibrous connective tissue. D. loose connective tissue.

B. dense regular fibrous connective tissue.

79. Which of the following is a function of simple squamous epithelium? A. protection B. diffusion C. distention D. transport through ciliary action

B. diffusion

27. An integrating center sends information to a(n) A. sensor. B. effector. C. brain region. D. thermostat.

B. effector.

84. All glands that secrete into the digestive tract are A. endocrine. B. exocrine. C. sebaceous glands. D. both endocrine and exocrine.

B. exocrine.

30. Endocrine glands secrete ____________ in response to specific stimuli. A. enzymes B. hormones C. water D. mucus

B. hormones

35. In positive feedback mechanisms, the action of an effector is A. unchanged. B. increased. C. decreased. D. decreased, then increased.

B. increased.

91. What feature is the main characteristic of connective tissue? A. large amount of closely packed cells B. large amount of extracellular material C. the ability to conduct a current D. small amount of extracellular material

B. large amount of extracellular materia

52. Intercalated discs couple ________ cells both mechanically and electrically. A. smooth muscle B. myocardial C. skeletal muscle D. both myocardial and skeletal muscle

B. myocardial

96. Bone-forming cells are known as A. osteocytes. B. osteoblasts. C. osteons. D. chondrocytes.

B. osteoblasts.

54. These muscle cells do NOT have a striated appearance. A. skeletal muscle cells B. smooth muscle cells C. cardiac muscle cells D. both smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells

B. smooth muscle cells

76. The lining of the stomach is renewed every A. 2-3 days. B. 2 weeks. C. 2-3 hours. D. 2 months.

C. 2-3 hours.

25. ____________ mg/100 ml is the approximate normal range of blood glucose concentration after fasting. A. 0 to 80 B. 50 to 150 C. 75 to 110 D. 90 to 120

C. 75 to 110

9. ____________ trials maximize the number of test participants and include human participants of both sexes, different ethnic groups, and those who have health problems besides the one that the drug is designed to treat. A. Phase I clinical B. Phase II clinical C. Phase III clinical D. Phase IV clinical

C. Phase III clinical

89. ____________ attach skeletal muscles to bones. A. Ligaments B. Cartilages C. Tendons D. Adipocytes

C. Tendons

16. Whose work brought physiology to be accepted as a true experimental science? A. Sir Henry Dale B. Walter Cannon C. William Harvey D. John Macleod

C. William Harvey

34. A decrease in mean arterial pressure is detected by A. an effector. B. an integrating center. C. a sensor. D. a chemical messenger.

C. a sensor.

66. The ____________ is a protein and polysaccharide layer that attaches epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue. A. goblet cell B. epidermis C. basement membrane D. plasma membrane

C. basement membrane

42. Which of the following is NOT an example of positive feedback? A. LH surge B. labor contractions C. blood glucose maintenance D. blood clotting

C. blood glucose maintenance

60. Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglia? A. bind neurons together B. help nourish neurons C. conduct impulses to effectors D. modify the extracellular environment of neurons

C. conduct impulses to effectors

41. If blood glucose levels decrease from normal, which of the following changes takes place to bring glucose levels back to normal? A. increase in insulin - increase in glucagon B. increase in insulin - decrease in glucagon C. decrease in insulin - increase in glucagon D. decrease in insulin - decrease in glucagon

C. decrease in insulin - increase in glucagon

37. Homeostasis is best thought of as being a state of A. constant fluctuation. B. stasis. C. dynamic constancy. D. inconsistency.

C. dynamic constancy.

87. Thermoregulation directly involves A. apocrine sweat glands. B. endocrine glands. C. eccrine sweat glands. D. sebaceous glands.

C. eccrine sweat glands.

32. The endocrine and nervous systems are considered _________ homeostatic regulatory mechanisms. A. intrinsic B. active C. extrinsic D. passive

C. extrinsic

67. What kind of connections allow epithelial cells to form strong membranes? A. basement membranes B. intercalated discs C. junctional complexes D. keratinized

C. junctional complexes

39. The control of hormone secretion by its own effects is called A. positive feedback. B. negative feedback. C. negative feedback inhibition. D. antagonist effector.

C. negative feedback inhibition.

57. Which of the following is NOT one of the three main parts of a neuron? A. dendrites B. cell body C. neurofibrils D. axon

C. neurofibrils

94. Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue? A. blood B. cartilage C. neuroglia D. bone

C. neuroglia

28. The endocrine regulation of blood glucose concentration is an example of a(n) A. antagonistic effector. B. positive feedback loop. C. negative feedback loop. D. Both antagonistic effector and negative feedback loop are correct.

D. Both antagonistic effector and negative feedback loop are correct.

99. Units of bone composed of concentric rings of lamellae with their trapped osteocytes are called A. canaliculi. B. osteons. C. haversian systems. D. Both osteons and haversian systems.

D. Both osteons and haversian systems.

58. Neuroglial cells are supporting cells present in the A. brain. B. spinal cord. C. effector organs. D. Both the brain and spinal cord.

D. Both the brain and spinal cord.

55. Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle? A. The cells are branched. B. These cells are attached to skeletal bones by tendons. C. Intercalated discs connect adjacent cells. D. These cells are found in the digestive tract.

D. These cells are found in the digestive tract.

38. Negative feedback is NOT involved in the regulation of A. body temperature. B. blood glucose concentrations. C. blood calcium concentrations. D. blood clotting.

D. blood clotting.

98. Cartilage cells are known as A. osteocytes. B. osteoblasts. C. osteons. D. chondrocytes.

D. chondrocytes.

64. Membranes can be formed by ____________ tissue. A. nervous B. muscular C. neuroglial D. epithelial

D. epithelial

72. Specialized unicellular glands found in columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelium that secrete mucus are A. cilia. B. keratin. C. transitional cells. D. goblet cells.

D. goblet cells.

7. The first step in the scientific method involves the formation of a(n) A. theory. B. law. C. experiment. D. hypothesis.

D. hypothesis

68. Keratinized epithelium A. has living cells in all layers. B. is a moist membrane. C. allows water to diffuse through. D. is a dry, mostly dead membrane.

D. is a dry, mostly dead membrane.

90. Osteocytes are found within A. canaliculi. B. dentin. C. lamellae. D. lacunae.

D. lacunae.

46. Which of the following is NOT a primary tissue of the body? A. nervous B. epithelium C. muscular D. osseous

D. osseous

85. Which of the following is NOT an example of an exocrine gland? A. mucous gland that secretes onto respiratory passages B. sweat gland that secretes onto the skin C. salivary gland that secretes into the mouth D. testes cells that secrete testosterone into the blood

D. testes cells that secrete testosterone into the blood

15. Aristotle is considered the father of physiology because he attempted to apply physical laws to the study of human function.

FALSE

24. Homeostasis is best described as a static, unchanging state of the internal environment.

FALSE

36. The nervous and immune systems are primarily involved in maintaining homeostasis.

FALSE

47. Muscle found in association with blood vessels would be striated.

FALSE

48. Intercalated discs would be found in muscles attached to the skeleton.

FALSE

100. Vitamin D produced in the skin may function as a hormone.

TRUE

17. The term homeostasis was coined by Walter Cannon to describe the constancy of the milieu interieur.

TRUE

19. Negative feedback results in a response that opposes that of the original deviation from normal.

TRUE

20. Blood clotting is an example of positive feedback since the action of the effector amplifies that of the stimulus.

TRUE

21. An integrating center of a negative feedback loop has the function of analyzing information from many different sensors about deviations from a set point and then altering the activity of particular effectors to compensate for the deviation.

TRUE

22. Endocrine gland secretion is often controlled by the nervous system.

TRUE

23. The secretion of many hormones is regulated through negative feedback inhibition.

TRUE

3. The study of disease processes aids in the understanding of normal functions.

TRUE

4. The study of comparative physiology has aided in the development of pharmaceutical drugs for humans.

TRUE

43. Tissues are groups of cells that have similar functions.

TRUE

44. Organs involved in carrying out related functions are grouped into systems.

TRUE

45. Organs are comprised of groupings of the four primary tissues into structural and functional units.

TRUE

49. Myofibers are formed from fused myoblasts and thus each of these muscle cells is actually a syncytium.

TRUE

56. Nervous tissue is specialized to produce and conduct electrical impulses.

TRUE

62. Epithelial membranes cover body surfaces and line the cavity of organs.

TRUE

80. Bacteria are responsible for the characteristic body odor of apocrine sweat.

TRUE

81. Sebaceous glands are responsible for the lubrication of the skin.

TRUE

88. Enamel, which is harder than bone or dentin, cannot be regenerated.

TRUE

97. Fat is a type of connective tissue.

TRUE