pla exam
21. A manager decides to use a contingency approach in determining the best kind of structure for her organization. Which of the following is a factor that she would consider? A) size B) environmental conditions C) technology D) life cycle E) All of the above are factors that she would consider.
All of the above
7. Which of the following statements about the adaptive cycle is true? A) Miles and Snow introduced this idea. B) The adaptive cycle means that businesses are continuously cycling through decisions about three kinds of business problems. C) Selecting and making adjustments of products and markets is one of the business problems that is part of the adaptive cycle. D) Establishing roles, relationships, and organizational processes are part of the adaptive cycle. E) All of the above statements are true of the adaptive cycle.
All of the above
3. The competing values framework classifies organizational cultures into which of the following? A) symbolic, heroic, and basic cultures B) clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy cultures C) observable, espoused, and core cultures D) stable, flexible, and straight cultures E) observable, flexible, adhocracy, and market cultures
B
5. A "polycentric" manager believes that A) her country and culture are superior. B) native managers in foreign offices best understand native personnel and practices. C) managers in foreign countries should follow corporate procedures. D) managers in foreign countries should use whatever techniques are most effective. E) organizations should use only native managers in foreign operations.
B
The four stages of a project are, in order: A) definition, execution, planning, closing. B) definition, planning, execution, closing. C) planning, definition, execution, closing. D) planning, execution, definition, closing. E) execution, definition, planning, closing.
B
1. Jose is performing an appraisal of Rene, one of his subordinates. The company's performance appraisal form asks him to rate Rene's performance on teamwork on a scale ranging from, "Always meets his commitments to fellow team members and is always ready to help them when needed," to "Consistently late in meeting commitments to team members and rarely does more than required." Jose's company has a(n) _________ system of performance appraisal. A) results B) objective C) trait D) BARS E) MBO
BARS - "LATE"
1. Which of the following is a way to reduce cognitive dissonance? A) change your beliefs B) change your self-efficacy C) decrease the importance of the consistent behavior D) find dissonant elements that outweigh the consonant ones E) belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior
BELITTLE the importance of the inconsistent behavior
2. A person with a conceptual decision-making style is __________ in her value orientation and __________ in her tolerance for ambiguity. A) task/technical; high B) task/technical; low C) people/social; high D) people/social; low E) This cannot be determined from the information given.
C
9. The law that requires an extension of health insurance benefits after termination is the A) Wagner Act B) Social Security Act C) Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) D) Occupational Safety and Health Act E) Civil Rights Act
COBRA
1. According to psychologist __________, we have a natural tendency to judge others' statements from our own point of view. A) Carl Rogers B) Daniel Tucker C) Timothy McCabe D) Bruce Wayne E) Scott Czapski
Carl Rogers carl is a judgy douche
20. The idea that organizations should be managed as communities with managers and subordinates working together in harmony was developed by A) Frederick Taylor. B) the Gilbreths. C) Max Weber. D) Henry Fayol. E) Mary Parker Follet.
Mary Parker Follet
19. The person who is called "the father of industrial psychology" was A) Mark Parker Follett. B) Max Weber. C) Elton Mayo. D) Hugo Munsterberg. E) Frederick Taylor.
Munsterberg
16. Which of the following is a behavioral leadership approach? A) Kouzes & Posner's model B) path-goal leadership model C) Hersey & Blanchard's leadership model D) Ohio State leadership model E) Leader-member exchange model
Ohio State leadership model
OD stands for
Organization development
7. In which cultural perspective do employees adhere to the organization's values because they believe in its purpose? A) strength perspective B) fit perspective C) strategic perspective D) conditional perspective E) adaptive perspective
Strength perspective
7. The __________ Act allows the President of the United States to prevent or end a strike that threatens national security. A) Wagner B) Social Security C) Taft-Hartley D) Occupational Safety and Health E) Civil Rights
Taft-Hartley
11. Milton Friedman would have agreed with which of the following statements about social responsibility? A) A company will produce ever more quality goods and services when it practices social responsibility. B) A company will increase their sales when it practices social responsibility. C) A company will be able to create better jobs when it practices social responsibility. D) A company will not benefit the stockholders when it practices social responsibility. E) A company will provide blended value when it practices social responsibility.
D
30. Kotter's Change Model consists of A) three stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing B) three types: adaptive, innovative, and radically innovative C) eight steps for leading organizational change D) three steps: diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation E) ten characteristics for change.
EIGHT STEP KOTTER
6. __________ values are the explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization. A) Implicit B) Espoused C) Enacted D) Encumbered E) Evolutionary
Espoused
2. The CEO of __________ said "you lead today by building teams and placing others first." A) Bank of America B) Sony C) Wal-Mart D) Proctor and Gamble E) General Electric
General Electric
General Environment
The wide-ranging global, economic, technological, sociocultural, demographic, political, and legal forces that affect an organization and its task environment.
23. The idea that workers are capable of accepting responsibility and working in a self-directed manner is representative of A) Theory X. B) Theory Y. C) Theory Z. D) hierarchy of needs. E) self-fulfilling prophecy.
Theory Y
28. When a student is identifying a topic for a research paper, she is in the __________ stage of a project. A) execution B) planning C) definition D) closing E) vision
definition
12. The process of assigning meaningful authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy is called A) accountability. B) responsibility. C) delegation. D) authority. E) position power.
delegation
10. Rosa has been asked to observe a task force during its initial meetings and to give them feedback and suggestions about how to improve the way they function. Rosa is involved in A) survey feedback. B) diagnosis. C) intergroup development. D) technostructural activities. E) evaluation.
diagnosis
8. Fred, an OD consultant, is designing a survey of employee attitudes to be given to workers at the Lemon Automobile Company. Fred is in the _________ stage of OD. A) intervention B) diagnosis C) evaluation D) process consultation E) technostructural
diagnosis
24. The tendency of the parts of an organization to fragment is called A) dispersion. B) differentiation. C) integration. D) conglomeration. E) decentralization.
differentiation - "fragmentation"
34. Riya, a manager, calls a meeting of her subordinates to tell them about the new benefits package. Riya is performing the ________ role. A) disseminator B) monitor C) spokesperson D) negotiator E) resource allocator
disseminator
25. XYZ runs different divisions specializing in television, music, and publishing. They're using a(n) __________ strategy. A) introductory B) unrelated diversification C) diversification D) differentiation E) infiltration
diversification
43. Which type of leader manages for global networks? A) situational B) e-leader C) shared D) transactional E) networked
e-leader
4. A manager needs to communicate about a routine situation with someone she knows whose physical location is not far from her office. Generally, which of the following should the manager use? A) videoconferencing B) telephone C) e-mail D) face-to-face meeting E) newsletter
3. Unemployment rates are examples of _____________ forces in an organization's general environment. A) economic B) technological C) political-legal D) sociocultural E) demographic
economic
1. When your intended message is sent accurately in the least amount of time, you are a(n) A) formal communicator. B) external communicator. C) collaborative communicator. D) effective communicator. E) efficient communicator.
efficient communicator
12. The ability to cope, empathize with others, and be self-motivated is called A) emotional intelligence. B) self-efficacy. C) self-monitoring. D) self-awareness. E) relationship management.
emotional intelligence
2. Which of the following is one of the Big 5 personality dimensions? A) Tolerance for ambiguity B) Openness to change C) Ability to see the big picture D) Openness to extremes E) Emotional stability
emotional stability
36. Bianca is establishing a suggestion system that rewards employees for their ideas to save the company money. She is acting in the __________ role. A) entrepreneur B) disturbance handler C) resource allocator D) negotiator E) liaison
entrepreneur
1. Mary Ann has just taken over as head of production for MAJ Company. She would like to improve the productivity of her unit. Which of the following should she immediately embark upon to achieve the best results? A) Use established technology since her employees are familiar with it. B) Establish a system of measurement. C) Assign her employees to a new operation so each has an opportunity to try something new. D) Hire any new employees such that they are similar to those already on the team. E) Immediately cut costs.
establish measurement system
7. Which of the following is the second stage in the strategic-management process? A) formulate the strategic plans B) maintain strategic control C) establish the grand strategy D) establish the mission and vision E) carry out the strategic plans
establish the grand strategy
6. Which of these might also be called parochialism? A) ethnocentrism B) polycentrism C) geocentrism D) expatriatism E) globalism
ethnocentrism
28. __________ consists of linking the three core processes of any business together to get things done on time according to Bossidy and Charan. A) Tactics B) Strategy C) Follow-through D) Execution E) Operations
execution
1. According to a Business Week summary of management studies, men score higher than women do on A) strategic planning. B) producing high-quality work. C) analyzing issues. D) motivating others. E) exhibiting turf-consciousness.
exhibiting TURF
12. Cynthia Barton Rabe, a former innovation strategist for Intel, suggests that too much knowledge and _______ can actually kill innovation. A) determination B) tolerance for ambiguity C) experience D) technical ability E) creativity
experience
13. Which of the following is one of the layers of the "diversity wheel"? A) gender B) lifestyle C) external dimensions D) corporate culture E) age
external dimmensions
1. Which of the following is an indicator of the balanced scorecard? A) internal threats B) financial measures C) external processes D) stakeholder satisfaction E) collaborative activities
financial measures (only quantifiable choice)
9. Which level of management is more often engaged in operational planning? A) working-level employees B) first-line managers C) middle managers D) top managers E) consultants
first line managers
9. Communications that follow the chain of command and are considered as official are known as A) vertical. B) horizontal. C) external. D) formal. E) informal.
formal
23. Which of the following is a step in the planning and strategic management process? A) formulate the grand strategy B) hire appropriate personnel C) formulate the operational plans followed by the tactical plans D) review the profit and loss statement E) review the results of the strategy
formulate the grand strategy
23. A ______ manager is responsible for just one organizational activity. A) first-line B) functional C) top-level D) CEO as a E) general
functional
15. Charity Hospital has a Chief of Medical Services, a Director of Administrative Services, and a Director of Outpatient Services. Charity has a ___________ structure. A) functional B) simple C) divisional D) matrix E) conglomerate
functional structure - people with occupational similarities are put in formal groups
16. In which of the following structures are people with similar occupational specialties put together in formal groups? A) functional structures B) product divisions C) conglomerates D) matrix organizations E) geographic divisions
functional structures
24. The tendency to attribute another person's behavior to their personal characteristics rather than to the situation they are in is called A) the fundamental attribution bias. B) selective perception. C) the self-fulfilling prophecy. D) a self-serving bias. E) stereotyping.
fundamental attribution error
14. Which of the following would be considered a primary dimension of diversity? A) gender B) geographic location C) lifestyle D) ethical beliefs E) educational background
gender
2. Demographic forces are part of the __________ environment of organizations. A) legal B) task C) general D) internal E) sociocultural
general
6. __________ managers accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personnel and practices and that they should use whatever techniques are most effective. A) Geocentric B) Polycentric C) Expatriate D) Ethnocentric E) Global
geocentric
15. Which of the following dimensions is an example of a secondary dimension on the diversity wheel? A) race B) geographic location C) sexual orientation D) physical abilities E) age
geographic location
4. The purpose of the strategic human resource process is to A) establish the organization's vision. B) establish the grand strategy. C) formulate the strategic plans. D) plan the human resources needed. E) get optimal work performance to help realize company's mission and vision.
get optimal work performance to help realize company's mission and vision
20. From the University of Michigan and Ohio State studies, one management expert concluded that effective leaders tend to do all but one of the following. Which one? A) give clear orders and expect them to be carried out B) have supportive relationships with employees C) use group rather than individual methods of supervision D) set high performance goals E) have an employee-centered leadership style
give clear orders and expect them to be carried out
29. During Lewin's "changing" stage, managers should A) give employees the tools for change. B) reinforce the desired change. C) give people new models of behavior. D) reduce the barriers to change. E) make employees dissatisfied with the present situation.
give people new models of behavior
1. Which of the following is a psychological sign of stress? A) headaches B) insomnia C) hostility D) alcohol abuse E) heart attack
hostility (as well as boredom, irritability, nervousness, anger, anxiety, and depression)
32. The model that suggests that an effective leader clarifies how subordinates can achieve personal and organizational objectives is A) Fiedler's contingency model. B) House's path-goal model. C) Blake and Mouton's managerial grid. D) Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership model. E) Charismatic leadership theory.
houses path-goal model "achieve objectives", "path goal"
5. Which of the following is true of informal groups? A) Informal groups support the plans of formal groups. B) Informal groups have formal leaders. C) Informal groups are primarily made to solve an organization problem. D) A temporary task force is an example of an informal group. E) Members of an informal group are assigned to it by the skills they possess.
informal groups support the plans of formal groups
11. Which of the following is one of the areas of control for organizations? A) external resources B) decentralized resources C) ethical resources D) cultural resources E) informational resources
informational resources
1. In the Ohio State studies, leadership style is identified as A) job-centered or employee-centered. B) initiating structure or consideration. C) country club, team, middle-of-the-road, impoverished, or task. D) task-oriented or relationship-oriented. E) telling, selling, participating, or delegating.
initiating structure or consideration
25. Your Friendly Insurance Company has decided that its claims adjusters must be available to meet with claimants in the evenings and on weekends, a practice that some other insurance carriers have recently adopted. This is an example of a(n) ____________ change. A) radically innovative B) innovative C) adaptive D) proactive E) reactive
innovative
1. A change that represents the introduction of a new practice to an organization that is not new to the industry is called a(n) A) adaptive change. B) reactive change. C) proactive change. D) innovative change. E) radically innovative change.
innovative change
19. Which of the following is a cultural dimension in the GLOBE project? A) institutional collectivism B) power avoidance C) age orientation D) sustainable orientation E) lifestyle
institutional collectivism
1. "What must we excel at" is the question to be answered by which of the following balanced scorecard perspectives? A) external perspective B) financial perspective C) customer perspective D) internal business perspective E) innovation & learning perspective
internal business perspective
7. People with __________ exhibit less anxiety, greater motivation, and stronger expectations that effort leads to performance. A) high self-efficacy B) high self-monitoring C) internal locus of control D) high tolerance for ambiguity E) high self-esteem
internal locus of control
28. When managers interact with suppliers in solving quality problems, they are operating in the _______ role. A) interpersonal B) informational C) decisional D) analytical E) visionary
interpersonal
20. Which of the following would BEST describe MBO? A) It is a top-down system. B) It is a bottom-up system. C) Its purpose is to motivate employees. D) Its purpose is to control employees. E) It is used to benchmark against competitors.
its purpose is to motivate employees
12. Sergio is Manager of Human Resources for XYZ Company. News has just been released that the company has violated financial reporting laws. Based on research on the effects of such publicity, Sergio should expect that A) job applications will increase. B) job applications will decrease in the short term, but recover within a month. C) job applications will stay about the same. D) job applications will decrease. E) Research has not addressed this issue so Sergio has no grounds for having any expectations whatsoever related to the number of job applications.
job applications will decrease
18. Harold, a manager, pays close attention to employee productivity and how efficiently the assembly line is moving. Harold can best be described as a(n) __________ leader. A) path-centered B) job-centered C) employee-centered D) charismatic E) popular
job centered
43. A(n) __________ worker is someone whose occupation is principally concerned with generating or interpreting information. A) knowledge B) information C) data D) research E) facts-based
knowledge
9. Amy is in charge of the company newsletter. She provides the newsletter by both e-mail and hard copy to each employee. In the newsletter she includes changes in company policy, awards employees have received, and general interest articles about the company staff. Amy is participating in A) Information management B) E-management C) Project management D) Knowledge management E) Software management
knowledge management
28. The _________ an organization, the more ___________ it is. A) smaller; mechanistic B) smaller; formal C) smaller; decentralized D) larger; mechanistic E) larger; informal
larger; mechanistic
30. Betty, a manager, is training new employees of the firm who will be working for her. Betty is performing the __________ role. A) leadership B) figurehead C) liaison D) technical E) entrepreneur
leadership
16. A team manager is inspiring her team to think of ideas that will put them first in sales among all departments in the retail store in which her team works. This is an example of A) planning. B) organizing. C) leading. D) controlling. E) leadership.
leading
1. Which of the following is a way to become a world citizen? A) Because America is a world power, show that by being assertive and loud. B) Think globally but be local. C) Speak English at all times since it is the world's language. D) Learn rituals of respect. E) Use slang especially that derived from sports.
learn rituals of respect
21. Jim wants to convince Rita to change her mind about a proposal she has been supporting. The strategy that Jim should adopt for laying out his ideas is A) most important to least important. B) least controversial to most controversial. C) negative to positive. D) positive to negative. E) least important to most important.
least controversial to most controversial - changing someones mind
1. Which of the following is an example of an employee benefit? A) commissions B) bonuses C) legal advice D) worker's compensation E) stock options
legal advice
31. Chris, a manager, attends meetings of the local city government council to lobby for tax breaks for his company. Chris is performing the ________ role. A) leadership B) figurehead C) liaison D) technical E) entrepreneur
liason
13. __________ is the concept that best describes types of managerial positions. A) line versus staff B) centralized versus decentralized C) flat versus tall D) span of control E) complex versus simple
line vs staff
1. One effect of incremental budgeting is that it A) locks managers into stable spending arrangements. B) is flexible to changing environmental demands. C) is easy to compare different departments doing different activities. D) requires more time from managers than zero-based budgeting. E) has all of the above effects.
locks managers into stable spending arrangements - NOT FLEXIBLE
28. Ronaldo is part of a task force consisting of his peers from other departments in the organization. Ronaldo has A) high leader-member relations. B) high task structure. C) high position power. D) low leader-member relations. E) low position power.
low position power pobre ronaldo
24. Which of the following is one of the "magnificent seven" general moral principles for managers? A) rationality B) self-knowledge C) loyalty D) love E) responsibility
loyalty
25. Which of the following moral principles for managers deals with promises, contracts, and commitments? A) Autonomy B) Fairness C) Humaneness D) Loyalty E) Honesty
loyalty
26. Jacques says during his meeting with the task force, "Let's hear from those who don't agree with this choice." Jacques is performing a _________ role. A) maintenance B) task C) initiator D) coordinator E) orientor
maintenance - fosters constructive relationships among members
1. ___________ is about coping with complexity and _________ is about coping with change. A) middle-management; first line-management B) management; leadership C) attitude; perception D) leadership; management E) perception; attitude
management - complexity; leadership - change
13. Which of these viewpoints focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making? A) scientific management B) behavioral science approach C) management science D) operations management E) administrative management
management science
1. A "transactional" leader is about the same thing as a A) charismatic leader. B) transformational leader. C) servant leader. D) situational leader. E) manager.
manager
defensive avoidance
manager believes there will be NO negative consequence, passing the buck, procrastinating
19. An organization that contains two command structures, and in which some people actually have two bosses, is a __________ structure. A) matrix B) conglomerate C) team-based D) hybrid E) network
matrix
1. XYZ carefully tracks the sale of its new Model III widget. Many competitors have recently entered this highly competitive market. Over the past 3 months, sales have started to decline. The product is probably in the __________ stage of the product life cycle. A) introduction B) growth C) maturity D) decline E) retrenchment
maturity
33. Which of the following is a stage in the life of an organization? A) introduction B) maturity stage C) adolescent stage D) growth E) middle stage
maturity stage - (birth,, youth, midlife, mature)
5. The second step in the control process is. A) evaluate performance. B) take corrective action, if necessary. C) establish standards. D) compare performance to standards. E) measure performance.
measure performance
22. A firm that tends to rely on routines and policies even as new events occur is most likely to be a(n) __________ organization. A) organic B) flat C) mechanistic D) conglomerate E) large-batch
mechanistic
22. Managers who implement the policies and plans of the organization and coordinate the activities of lower levels are called A) first level managers. B) middle managers. C) top managers. D) functional managers. E) general managers.
middle managers
35. Apple is currently in what stage of its life cycle? A) birth stage B) maturity stage C) adolescent stage D) youth stage E) midlife stage
midlife
12. The _________ identifies the goods or services the organization provides and will provide, and the reasons for providing them. A) mission statement B) purpose C) vision D) strategy E) tactics
mission statement
33. Over breakfast, Jordan, a manager, scans the Wall Street Journal for information relevant to his company's industry. Jordan is performing the ________ role. A) disseminator B) entrepreneur C) monitor D) spokesperson E) visionary
monitor
17. __________ is a trading status describes a condition in which a country grants other countries favorable trading treatment such as a reduction of import duties. A) Most favored nation B) MERCOSUR C) Free trading status D) The freedom status E) The Jamaican status
most favored nation
20. When you want your reader to take a logical action, you should lay out your ideas in writing by A) most important to least important. B) least controversial to most controversial. C) negative to positive. D) positive to negative. E) least important to most important.
most important to least important - logical
1. A business firm with operations in several countries is called a A) megamerger. B) multinational organization. C) multinational corporation. D) global corporation. E) multiregional corporation.
multinational corporation
1. Younger workers today are more likely than older workers to: A) want more guidance. B) need more autonomy. C) be more patient in seeing the results of their work. D) desire financial rewards exclusively. E) appreciate a slower pace.
need more autonomy
19. The strategy that establishes a common ground with the reader and in which the order of arguments makes the overall position stronger is A) most important to least important. B) least controversial to most controversial. C) negative to positive. D) least important to most important. E) positive to negative.
negative to positive - common ground
1. Of the following, which medium is the least rich? A) newsletters B) instant messaging on the Internet C) e-mail D) handwritten notes E) conference telephone calls
newsletters
18. Which of the following is an implementation principle described by Pfeffer and Sutton? A) No brag, just facts B) If all else fails, slow the spread of good practices. C) Evidence-based management is only for front-line executives. D) Treat your organization as a trophy. E) Like everything else, you still need to buy it.
no brag, just facts yo
1. During the __________ stage, close relationships develop and unity and harmony emerge. A) storming B) norming C) performing D) forming E) adjourning
norming
22. The stage during which a group sets guidelines about issues like attendance and punctuality is the __________ stage. A) norming B) storming C) forming D) adjourning E) performing
norming
17. Group cohesiveness is a by-product of the __________ stage. A) storming B) norming C) performing D) forming E) adjourning
norming - group members come together and identify group goals
1. Organizational size is usually measured by A) profits. B) revenues. C) number of employees. D) number of customers. E) number of locations.
number of employees
31. A(n) ______________ continually interacts with its environment. A) closed system B) open system C) neutral system D) porous system E) subsystem
open system
11. __________ focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more efficiently. A) Scientific management B) Behavioral science approach C) Human relations management D) Operations management E) Administrative management
operations management
27. ________ focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively. A) Operations management B) Operations research C) Management science D) Scientific management E) Administrative management
operations management
23. XYZ designs and manufactures components for computer drives (USB, hard, DVD). XYZ would best be served by an organizational structure that is A) mechanistic. B) organic. C) tall. D) centralized. E) formal.
organic
10. The device that indicates how official communications should be routed is called the A) organization chart. B) organizational culture. C) organizational profile. D) grapevine. E) lateral hierarchy.
organization chart - indicates how official communications are to be routed
1. Ahmad supervises employees who work on problems that the organization has never faced before, and for which there are no defined procedures. Ahmad follows the House model of leadership. Ahmad should use a _________ style. A) participative B) path-goal clarifying C) supportive D) achievement-oriented E) relationship-oriented
path goal clarifying (ie. houses "path goal" model)
1. TQM holds to two core principles A) financial health and financial stability. B) people orientation and improvement orientation. C) management and leadership. D) employee satisfaction and commitment. E) radical innovation and continuous improvement.
people orientation and financial stability
1. According to House's revised path-goal theory, a leader's style should vary depending on which of the following? A) personal characteristics of subordinates B) task structure C) situational control D) organizational readiness E) leader-member relations
personal characteristics of subordinates
1. Sheila works closely with Wayne on many projects, and they are often in conflict. Sheila starts new projects by creating careful plans and beginning immediately. Wayne believes in being open-minded to new ideas, and works frantically at the last minute. Their team conflict most likely stems from A) time pressure. B) communication failure. C) ambiguous jurisdictions. D) personality clashes. E) inconsistent goals.
personality clashes
14. A manager at a Pharmaceutical company is attempting to determine which type of people to hire. This is an example of A) planning. B) organizing. C) leading. D) controlling. E) marketing.
planning
22. The constant feedback loop designed to ensure plans stay headed in the right direction is called the A) means-end chain. B) planning/control cycle. C) control/planning system. D) project management cycle. E) project planning loop.
planning/control cycle
13. A __________ outlines the general responses to a designated problem or situation. A) policy B) rule C) procedure D) project E) program
policy
17. Which of the following is a cultural dimension of Hofstede's model? A) opportunistic behavior B) power distance C) acceptance tolerance D) gender egalitarianism E) future orientation
power distance
18. The degree to which people accept inequality in social situations is known as A) individualism/collectivism. B) power distance. C) acceptance tolerance. D) masculinity/femininity. E) uncertainty avoidance.
power distance
8. New MBAs sometimes expect the employees they supervise to be obedient for obedience's sake. The level of personal moral development for which this statement is an example is the __________ level according to Kohlberg. A) conventional B) unconventional C) preconventional D) postconventional E) anti-conventional
preconventional
1. The general moral principles for managers ("the magnificent seven") helps to ensure that managers' decisions are A) routine, legal, ethical. B) rational, ethical, defensible. C) principled, appropriate, defensible. D) principled, ethical, legal. E) principled, legal, defensible.
principled, appropriate, defensible
a __________ outlines the responses to particular problems or circumstances. A) policy B) rule C) procedure D) project E) program
procedure
14. A managerial innovation is generally a(n) __________ innovation. A) product B) process C) adaptive D) reactive E) proactive
process
16. A(n) __________ innovation is a change in the way a product or service is conceived, manufactured, or disseminated. A) product B) process C) adaptive D) reactive E) proactive
process
13. A technological innovation is generally a(n) __________ innovation. A) product B) process C) adaptive D) reactive E) proactive
product
17. Your insurance company has one large complex in your home city, which sells and oversees life insurance to all of its clients. In a neighboring state, the same insurance company has a complex that sells and services auto and home insurance. This represents a ____________ structure. A) functional B) simple C) product divisional D) matrix E) customer divisional
product divisional - group activities around similar products or services
18. __________ group activities around similar products or services. A) Functional structures B) Product divisions C) Conglomerates D) Matrix organizations E) Geographic divisions
product divisions
12. Which of the following is an example of an informational resource control? A) performance evaluation B) accounts receivable data C) inventory management system D) production schedule E) employee job satisfaction survey
production schedule
6. A work team that is responsible for performing day-to-day operations is called a(n) A) production team. B) project team. C) product team. D) action team. E) advice team.
production team
4. Which of the following statements about productivity is most true? A) Productivity is a matter of survival. B) The more goods and services that are produced the lower our standard of living. C) Recent productivity growth is likely a result of more efficient production methods. D) Labor productivity in services decreased from 1995 to 2001. E) Productivity is sharpened by monopoly.
productivity is a matter of survival
33. __________ is designed to elicit different opinions without inciting people's personal feelings. A) Groupthink B) Programmed conflict C) Social loafing D) Storming E) Dysfunctional conflict
programmed conflict
4. Which of the following is one of the organizational responses to uncertainty identified by Miles and Snow? A) investigator B) prospector C) planner D) developer E) relator
prospector
1. Which of the following is a good reason for studying theoretical perspectives? A) provides an understanding of the past B) correctly guides the writing of a mission statement C) provides clues to the meaning of outside events D) helps to nullify logic E) acts as a encyclopedia of solutions
provides clues to meanings of outside events
36. __________ focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for "zero defects". A) Quality control B) Quality assurance C) Total quality management D) Continuous improvement E) Reengineering
quality assurance
1. Eleven workers from different subunits at the Springfield plant of ABC Company meet monthly with their supervisors to discuss workplace problems, particularly those connected with production and waste in the department. This is an example of a A) JIT team B) self-managed team C) quality circle D) work group E) special-purpose team
quality circle
35. The strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production is called A) zero defects. B) quality control. C) TQM. D) six sigma. E) lean manufacturing.
quality control
30. Which viewpoint focuses on minimizing errors and defects by managing each state of production? A) contingency B) quality management C) systems D) operations management E) lean production
quality management
26. Operations research techniques have evolved into A) scientific management. B) behavioral science. C) quantitative methods. D) TQM. E) administrative management.
quantitative methods
19. The creation of products, services, or technologies that replace those that already exist is called __________ innovation. A) product B) process C) incremental D) radical E) reactive
radical - REPLACE
26. Introducing a practice that is new to the industry is called a(n) __________ change. A) radically innovative B) innovative C) adaptive D) reactive E) incremental
radically innovative
7. The influence tactic that employees cite as most used in a recent study on the topic is A) rational persuasion. B) inspirational appeals. C) ingratiation. D) consultation. E) pressure.
rational persuasion
2. How well a particular medium conveys information and promotes learning is called its A) encoding. B) richness. C) density. D) complexity. E) formality.
richness
1. A socially determined expectation of how an individual should behave in a specific position is called a A) role. B) norm. C) rule. D) job description. E) social fit
role
14. A __________ designates specific required action. A) policy B) rule C) procedure D) project E) program
rule
Fredrick Winslow Taylor and the Gilbreths were proponents of which of the following? A) scientific management and administrative management, respectively B) scientific management and human relations management, respectively C) human relations D) management science E) scientific management
scientific management
41. __________ is a simultaneous, ongoing, mutual influence process in which people share responsibility for leading. A) Transformational leadership B) Shared leadership C) Transactional leadership D) Servant leadership E) Charismatic leadership
shared leadership (don't overthink it)
10. SWOT" analysis is also known as A) strategic control. B) situational analysis. C) trend analysis. D) contingency planning. E) forecasting.
situational analysis
43. __________ capital is the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships. A) Human B) Social C) Labor D) Physical E) Financial
social
1. Changing drinking habits have led to an increase in wine sales and a decrease in whiskey sales. This is an example of a(n) _______ change. A) market B) social & political C) demographic D) technological E) economic
social (change in generational values) and political
3. Recently many older workers who had planned to retire soon decided to keep working longer. This is an example of a _________ change. A) social or political B) random C) demographic D) economic E) structural
social or political
1. Which of the following is a supertrend shaping the future of business? A) declining population in developing countries B) some traditional companies may not survive radically innovative change C) digital long distance networks D) the capturing of general consumer information E) the rise of business-to-business technology
some traditional companies may not survive radically innovative change
21. Groups that make it through storming generally do so because A) they develop groupthink. B) someone wins the political battle and dominates the group. C) someone challenges the group to resolve its political battles. D) the work gets done. E) the focus generally is on social loafing.
someone challenges the group to resolve its political battles
37. Deming believed that quality stems from A) steady focus on the organization's mission. B) the Hawthorne effect. C) a self-fulfilling prophecy. D) Theory X management. E) operations research.
steady focus on organizations mission
9. A(n) __________ is a visual representation of the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard that enables managers to communicate their goals. A) positioning map B) strategy map C) multi-dimensional map D) customer map E) graphical interface
strategy map
28. The __________ viewpoint sees organizations as entities with inputs, outputs, transformation processes, and feedback. A) contingency B) quality management C) operations management D) systems E) open loop
systems
25. Leila works during her meeting to pull together the ideas of her committee members into a coherent whole. Leila is performing a ___________ role. A) maintenance B) relationship-oriented C) task D) social E) harmonizing
task - concentrates on getting tasks done
23. Fiedler's contingency leadership model determines if a leader's style is A) task-oriented or relationship-oriented. B) telling, selling, participating, or delegating. C) team, country club, impoverished, task, or middle-of-the-road. D) directive, supportive, participative, or achievement-oriented. E) charismatic or non-charismatic.
task or relationship oriented
36. As follower readiness increases, leaders should move from _______ to _______ to ________ to _______ style. A) telling, participating, selling, delegating B) telling, selling, delegating, participating C) telling, selling, participating, delegating D) selling, telling, delegating, participating E) selling, telling, participating, delegating
telling selling participating delegating
10. The company's culture most directly affects A) a manager's happiness. B) the number of competitors a firm has. C) the number of products a company makes. D) the amount charged for the firm's products or services. E) the education of the workforce.
the managers happiness
30. Boris has assembled a task force that is composed of people who don't know each other well. He should expect this group to make better decisions when A) it is a large group. B) the members have common knowledge. C) the group is confident. D) time pressure is high. E) individuals have specialized knowledge.
the members have common knowleddge
25. __________ is a category of historical management perspectives requiring the application to management of techniques such as statistics and computer simulations. A) The classical viewpoint B) The behavioral viewpoint C) The managerial viewpoint D) The qualitative viewpoint E) The quantitative viewpoint
the quantitative viewpoint
32. Which of the following conditions would suggest that constructive conflict should be stimulated? A) Managers want to achieve work objectives. B) The group adapts to change. C) Managers are in charge of self-managed teams. D) There is high employee turnover. E) There is a high level of energy and commitment.
there is high employee turnover
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of transformational leaders? A) They are better in stable situations. B) They are inspirational. C) They clarify employees' roles. D) They set goals and monitor progress toward their achievement. E) They provide rewards in exchange for subordinates; doing the work.
they are inspirational
29. Which of the following characteristics of group members may lead to "groupthink?" A) the amount of information available to the group B) errors in the information available to the group C) They may be too confident. D) interactions among the members E) diversity in the group
they may be too confident
11. In which stage in the rational decision-making model do you evaluate the chosen solution's ability to take advantage of an opportunity? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) This is not part of the rational decision-making model.
this isn't a part of it
1. Lewin's Change Model consists of A) three stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing B) three types: adaptive, innovative, and radically innovative C) eight steps for leading organizational change D) three steps: diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation E) ten characteristics for change.
three stages: unfreezing, changing, refreezing
31. In the context of Woodward's model, technology is A) information systems and hardware (e.g., computers) B) raw materials and supplies C) knowledge held by organizational members D) tools and ideas for creating outputs E) physical equipment used in production
tools and ideas for creating output
39. The comprehensive approach to continuous quality improvement, training, and customer satisfaction is known as A) quality assurance. B) quality control. C) total quality management. D) reengineering. E) operations management.
total quality management
1. Matilde is conducting a performance appraisal on Wayne, one of her subordinates. The company's performance appraisal form asks her to rate Wayne's performance on "ability as a leader" on a scale from 1 to 5. Matilde's company has a(n) _________ appraisal system. A) results B) objective C) trait D) BARS E) MBO
trait
1. The type of appraisal system that is least likely to be valid is the _________ system. A) objective B) results C) trait D) BARS E) MBO
trait
12. Which of the following is an example of the full-range approach to leadership? A) e-leadership B) transactional leadership C) Hersey & Blanchard's situational leadership model D) Kouzes & Posner's model E) House's model
transactional leadership
34. The plant manager who oversees the manufacture of Cheerios cereal is part of the __________ of the manufacturing system. A) inputs B) transformation processes C) outputs D) feedback E) organizational processes
transformation process
17. The model that identifies leadership styles as "job-centered" or "employee-centered" is the ___________ model. A) Blake and Mouton Leadership Grid B) path-goal leadership C) University of Michigan leadership D) University of Ohio leadership E) Hersey and Blanchard's
university of michigan
14. Organizations may apply trait theory by A) using management development programs. B) hiring only from top-ranked business schools. C) considering the roles its employees hold. D) doing a job audit. E) empowering the HR department.
using management development programs
6. Drug companies are often criticized for selling their drugs at exorbitant prices. When asked, they will often say that the pricing is fair given the amount of research and development that has gone into the drug. Without this high price, they argue that other new drugs that will help millions of people around the world could not be developed. Yet, those who cannot afford the high price and may die without the drug feel unjustly discriminated against. The drug companies are practicing which approach to this ethical dilemma? A) utilitarian B) justice C) fairness D) moral idealism E) moral rights
utilitarian
4. The pattern of values within an organization is known as its A) code of ethics. B) value system. C) moral code. D) moral rights. E) code of conduct.
value system
1. The abstract ideals that guide a person's thinking and behavior across all situations are called A) goals. B) attitudes. C) values. D) perceptions. E) personality.
values
4. __________ are the relatively permanent and deeply held underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine a person's behavior. A) Ethics B) Ethical behaviors C) Morals D) Value systems E) Values
values
11. A subordinate communicating with his boss is communicating A) vertically. B) horizontally. C) externally. D) internally. E) informally.
vertically
17. One effect of zero-based budgeting is that it A) tends to work better for large work units. B) takes more time for managers than incremental budgeting. C) works best in times of increasing resources. D) locks managers into stable spending patterns. E) has all of the above effects.
zero based takes more effort than incrimental based
4. According to Frederick Smith, chairman and CEO of FedEx, "The primary task of leadership is to "__________." A) align people in an organization B) inspire trust within an organization C) communicate the vision and values of an organization D) oversee the success of an organization E) communicate the mission and vision of an organization
VISION AND VALUES V AND V
5. Legislation passed in 1935, the __________ Act, resulted in the National Labor Relations Board. A) Wagner B) Social Security C) Taft-Hartley D) Occupational Safety and Health E) Civil Rights
Wagner
38. All of the following are characteristics of an entrepreneur EXCEPT A) high need for achievement B) ability to maintain a business C) belief in personal control of destiny D) high energy level and action oriented E) self confidence
ability to maintain a business
30. The conflict-handling style in which one person allows another to have his or her own way is called A) avoiding. B) collaborating. C) compromising. D) forcing. E) accommodating.
accomodating
7. An airline cockpit crew is an example of a(n) A) production team. B) project team. C) product team. D) action team. E) advice team.
action team - requires high degree of coordination & specialized training
15. The approach that is concerned with managing the total organization is called A) scientific management. B) human relations. C) administrative management. D) contingency theory. E) systems approach.
administrative management
5. __________ was concerned with managing the total organization and was studied by Fayol and Weber. A) Administrative management B) Scientific management C) Contemporary management D) Custom management E) Management science
administrative management
11. Self-managed teams are groups of workers who have been given __________ for their task domains. A) group incentives B) administrative oversight C) specific procedures D) workspaces that are separated from the rest of the organization E) no technology
administrative oversight
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of a quality circle? A) advice team B) assigned membership C) emerged from self-managed teams D) high empowerment E) part of each organizational group
advice team - meet intermittently to discuss workplace and quality related problems
15. The statement, "I don't like answering the phone when I'm trying to study," reflects the __________ component of an attitude. A) behavioral B) decisional C) cognitive D) affective E) value
affective - feelings / emotions (affection) toward a situation
26. Signs of negative stress may include A) sweaty palms. B) upset stomach. C) boredom. D) sleeplessness. E) all of the above.
all of the above
27. Which of the following is a means for achieving integration? A) formal chain of command B) standardized rules and procedures C) use of cross-functional teams D) use of computer networks E) All of the above are means for achieving integration.
all of the above
42. Which of the following is a chief skill companies seek in top managers? A) the ability to motivate and engage others B) the ability to communicate C) work experience outside the U.S. D) high energy levels to meet the demands of global travel and a 24/7 world E) All of the above are chief skills companies seek in top managers.
all of the above
12. When using a self-managed team, a manager should A) create the team within the existing structure. B) create lucrative individual bonuses. C) allow members to hire their own co-workers. D) provide training for supervisors and team members. E) provide elaborate retreats for team discussions.
allow team members to hire their coworkers
17. Evidence-based decision making depends on A) knowledge management. B) a thirst for knowledge. C) an attitude of wisdom. D) a search for excellence. E) principle-based leadership.
an attitude for wisdom
7. In which of the following situations would the use of OD techniques be the most helpful? A) helping employees from two similar organizations work better together in a strategic alliance B) increasing efficiency among employees in a firm C) assisting employees in dealing with stressful situations D) facilitating discussion of ethical issues in preparing a code of ethics for a company E) working with the CEO to determine how to increase profitability
assisting employees in dealing with stressful situations
1. Managers tend to give more weight to more recent behavior. This is largely due to the A) heuristic bias. B) halo effect. C) activity effect. D) availability bias. E) representativeness bias.
availability bias - uses only the information remembered to make a decision
2. The core values of an organization are known as its A) symbolic culture. B) stories. C) rites and rituals. D) heroic culture. E) basic assumptions.
basic assumptions
1. The statement, "I am never going to eat at this restaurant again," reflects the ___________ component of an attitude. A) behavioral B) decisional C) cognitive D) affective E) value
behave - how one intends to behave in a situation
3. A person who is oriented toward people and social concerns and has a low tolerance for ambiguity is __________ in her decision-making style. A) analytical B) conceptual C) directive D) behavioral E) relaxed
behavioral
1. A person's overall satisfaction with his job depends on how he feels about his A) life outside of work. B) locus of control. C) boss as a supervisor. D) industry. E) self-efficacy.
boss as a supervisor
42. A __________ is defined as a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members, linked by information technology, come together to collaborate on common tasks. A) technological organization B) wireless organization C) virtual organization D) boundaryless organization E) communication organization
boundaryless org
28. To prevent groupthink, a manager should A) reinforce how good the group is. B) never admit errors to outsiders. C) bring outsiders into the group regularly. D) encourage everyone to "get with the team." E) express high confidence in the group's decisions.
bring outsiders into the group regularly
13. A __________ control style uses rules, regulations, and authority to elicit employee compliance. A) decentralized B) bureaucratic C) market D) clan E) flat
bureaucratic
14. XYZ Corporation competes in a stable environment with minimal competition and "cash cow" products. XYZ should use a __________ control style. A) clan B) market C) decentralized D) bureaucratic E) tall
bureaucratic
20. During the performing stage, the group answers the question A) Can we agree on roles and work as a team? B) Why are we here? C) Why are we fighting? D) Can we do the job properly? E) Who's in charge?
can we do the job properly?
23. __________ is the activity of inferring causes for observed behavior. A) The halo effect B) Self-fulfilling prophecy C) The fundamental attribution error D) Causal attribution E) The selective perception error
causal attribution
6. A(n) __________ is a consultant with a background in behavioral sciences who can be a catalyst in helping organizations deal with old problems in new ways. A) catalytic consultant B) change agent C) behavioral consultant D) transformative consultant E) behavioral agent
change agent
4. The viewpoint that emphasizes ways to manage work more efficiently is the ____________ approach. A) behavioral B) quantitative C) TQM D) classical E) rational
classical
9. Which of the following is a rational model of decision-making? A) coalitional B) garbage in-garbage out C) incremental D) classical E) intuitional
classical
10. Which of these viewpoints emphasized ways to manage work more efficiently? A) behavioral viewpoint B) quantitative viewpoint C) management science viewpoint D) classical viewpoint E) qualitative viewpoint
classical viewpoint
10. Which of the following is a mechanism that contributes to a measurement-managed company's success? A) companies focus on measuring activities instead of results B) managers put trust in informal feedback systems C) managers develop the measurement systems D) clear communication E) actions used to fine-tune the organization
clear communication
10. The influence tactic that gets others to support your effort to persuade someone is A) legitimating B) pressure C) coalition D) exchange E) personal appeals
coalition - come together to persuade someone else
8. The three least used influence tactics, according to a recent survey of employees, are A) inspirational appeals, rational persuasion, and consultation. B) rational persuasion, pressure, and exchange. C) rational persuasion, coalition tactics, and upward appeals. D) coalition, pressure, and legitimating. E) inspirational appeals, coalition tactics, and pressure.
coalition, pressure, and legitimating (least used = shortest)
17. The statement, "My boss doesn't know how to do his job," reflects the __________ component of an attitude. A) behavioral B) decisional C) cognitive D) affective E) value
cognitive - knowledge about a situation
17. The psychological discomfort that a person experiences between her cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior is called A) self-fulfilling prophecy. B) self-serving bias. C) causal attribution. D) cognitive dissonance. E) fundamental attribution.
cognitive dissonance
31. _________ strives to devise solutions that benefit both parties. A) Avoiding B) Collaborating C) Compromising D) Forcing E) Accommodating
collaborating
20. Championing an innovation may require you to draw on your finest ___________ skills in order to be successful. A) organizational B) communication C) production D) financial E) pricing
communication "1. recognize problems 2. communicate vision 3. overcome resistance"
13. Which of the following is one of the traits of a credible leader identified by Kouzes and Posner? A) competent B) relationship-oriented C) competitive D) extroverted E) driven
competent (kouzes + posner = competent)
19. In the performing stage, members A) prepare for disbandment. B) develop close relationships. C) test the leader's policies. D) hold back to see what will happen. E) concentrate on solving problems.
concentrate on solving problems
1. ___________ describes how dependable and responsible a person is. A) Emotional stability B) Conscientiousness C) Extroversion D) Locus of control E) Self-efficacy
conscientiousness
1. The influence tactic that gets others to participate in a decision or change is A) rational persuasion B) inspirational Appeals C) consultation D) ingratiating tactics E) personal appeals
consultation
21. The approach to leadership that suggests that effective leadership behavior depends on the situation at hand is the ___________ approach. A) trait B) contingency C) behavioral D) transformational E) transactional
contingency
29. The ________ viewpoint emphasizes that a manager's actions should vary according to the situation. A) contingency B) quality management C) operations management D) systems E) open loop
contingency
3. The contemporary perspective includes which of the following perspectives? A) behavioral B) quantitative C) contingency D) classical E) All of the above are part of the contemporary perspective
contingency
20. The process of fitting an organization to its environment is called A) environmental analysis. B) contingency design. C) contingency planning. D) diversification. E) integration.
contingency design
16. Of the following, which is one of the functions of management described by Fayol? A) coordinating B) arbitrating C) collaborating D) tasking E) All of the above were part of Fayol's system.
coordinating
20. Absenteeism and tardiness, drug and alcohol abuse are examples of A) organizational citizenship behaviors. B) counterproductive work behaviors. C) self-efficacy behaviors. D) internal locus behaviors. E) personality issues.
counterproductive work behaviors
44. Which of the following is a secret of a successful e-leader? A) follow the strategy you set B) be a transactional leader C) use screening devices to keep information inflow to a minimum D) create a "teachable vision" E) create a better status quo
create a "teachable vision"
20. A graph of decisions and their possible consequences is known as a A) decision tree B) Gantt chart C) decision chart D) decision matrix E) fishbone diagram
decision tree
21. According to Constance Bagley, ethical decisions can be facilitated with the use of a(n) A) goal statement. B) law department. C) interdepartmental committee. D) decision tree. E) thought matrix.
decision tree
35. A manager is using information to understand the cause of a problem and determine the best corrective action. This is an example of a(n): A) informational role. B) interpersonal role. C) decisional role. D) analytical role. E) visionary role.
decisional
39. Passing the buck or procrastinating about a decision are examples of A) panic. B) relaxed avoidance. C) relaxed change. D) decreased involvement. E) defensive avoidance.
defensive avoidance
40. Ling Lee procrastinates making a decision about the morale problem among assembly workers. After all, she thinks, maybe someone else will figure out what to do. Ling Lee is experiencing a ________ reaction. A) relaxed change B) relaxed avoidance C) defensive avoidance D) panic E) recency
defensive avoidance
1. Which of the following is the best statement of feedback? A) "You're always late to work." B) "You seem to be less motivated in your work lately." C) "Your last report contained seven errors." D) "You've got to figure out how to get along with Susie." E) "You're typing that document wrong."
"Your last report contained seven errors"
1. On being hired, executives often negotiate generous severance packages that they receive if the company is bought. These are called: A) "Quid pro quo" B) "Golden parachutes" C) "Maquiladoras" D) BARS E) 360-dgreee paybacks
"golden parachutes"
16. Generally, people comprehend about __________ of a typical verbal message. A) 10% B) 35% C) 50% D) 75% E) 90%
35%
5. Digital Globe is a technology company that provides the most up-to-date satellite pictures of the globe, digitalized for electronic use. As the military, governments, and others demand clear pictures of certain areas of the world, Digital Globe provides them immediately. Digital Globe has a research department that creates innovative software products by being adaptable and quick to respond to changes in the market. Digital Globe is most likely an example of a __________ culture. A) clan B) adhocracy C) market D) hierarchy E) espoused
AdHocracy - adaptable, creative, quick to respond to changes
1. A "directive" decision-making style reflects a person who is __________ in his value orientation and __________ in his tolerance for ambiguity. A) task/technical; high B) task/technical; low C) people/social; high D) people/social; low E) This cannot be determined from the information given.
B
15. The type of performance appraisal that judges attributes like being on time for work is a(n) ____________. appraisal A) results. B) objective. C) trait. D) BARS. E) MBO.
BARS
13. Generic strategies include A) prospector, defender, analyzer, reactor. B) growth, stability, retrenchment. C) cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus, focused differentiation. D) SWOT. E) introduction, growth, maturity, decline.
C
27. According to Mintzberg's work, which of the following is a type of role that managers play? A) Analytical B) Interrogatory C) Interdependent D) Decisional E) All of these are managerial roles according to Mintzberg.
Decisional
22. The theory of the hierarchy of human needs was developed by A) Maslow. B) Mayo. C) McGregor. D) Taylor. E) Fayol.
Maslow
(T/F) Low self-efficacy is associated with learned helplessness.
True
36. __________ is a method for increasing creativity in which members of a group come together over a computer network to generate ideas and alternatives. A) PM B) TQM C) Brainwriting D) Mind mapping E) CADM
brainwriting
task environment
create daily tasks for orgs
30. Which of the following is a stage of the project life cycle? A) definition B) elaboration C) deadlines D) selection E) controlling
definition
13. An organization expands its private Internet to connect with customers, suppliers, and other partners. This expansion is called its A) intranet B) extranet C) private net D) website E) domain
extranet
5. ___________ has been found to have a stronger positive correlation with job performance than agreeableness. A) Emotional stability B) Conscientiousness C) Extroversion D) Proactiveness E) Openness to experience
extroversion
24. The model that requires a manager to assess his own style and his situational control is A) Fiedler's contingency model. B) the managerial grid model. C) Hersey-Blanchard's situational leadership model. D) House's path-goal theory. E) Charismatic leadership theory.
fiedlers contingency model
29. Pat, a manager, is showing potential customers around the company facility. Pat is performing the __________ role. A) leadership B) figurehead C) liaison D) technical E) entrepreneur
figurehead
6. __________ tests don't work, but ___________ tests do. A) Graphology; integrity B) Integrity; graphology C) Conscientiousness; integrity D) Integrity; conscientiousness E) Conscientiousness; graphology
graphology; integrity
35. A chief scientist directing a team of researchers investigating the causes of different diseases should probably use the __________ style. A) group-oriented B) directive C) supportive D) achievement-oriented E) work facilitation
group-oriented
9. The "grand strategies" are A) cost-leadership, differentiation, cost focus, focused differentiation. B) "SWOT." C) growth, stability, defensive . D) defender, prospector, analyzer, reactor. E) introduction, growth, maturity, decline.
growth, stability, defensive
1. The __________ says that we form an impression of an individual based on a single trait. A) halo effect B) self-fulfilling prophecy C) fundamental attribution error D) self-serving bias effect E) selective perception error
halo effect
6. A graphology test assesses a person's __________. A) integrity B) conscientiousness C) handwriting D) drawing ability E) extroversion
handwriting - doesn't test job performance
35. Research on the effects of participative management (PM) on employees' performance and satisfaction indicates that A) PM has no effect on either. B) PM has a small positive effect on both. C) PM has a large effect on satisfaction, but a small effect on performance. D) PM has a large positive effect on both. E) PM has a large effect on performance, but no significant effect on satisfaction.
has a small effect on both
18. During the norming stage of group development, the leader should A) help the team identify group goals and values. B) encourage members to suggest ideas. C) help people get to know each other. D) empower the members. E) give a party.
help the team identify group goals and values
26. ABC Company has product divisions for hardware, electrical supplies, and plumbing supplies. Each has its own production facility and sales staff. ABC is A) highly differentiated. B) functionally organized. C) a matrix organization. D) closely integrated. E) team-based.
highly differentiated - "separated by technical specialization and division of labor"
41. Strategies that simplify the process of decision making for managers are called A) relaxed change. B) heuristics. C) rubrics. D) rational models. E) brainwriting.
hueristics
40. According to Katz, which of the following principal skills is one that managers need? A) intuition B) evaluative C) human D) comprehensive E) coordination
human
1. The activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop and retain an effective workforce are called A) strategic planning. B) contingency planning. C) job analysis. D) human resource management. E) performance appraisal.
human resource management
"ad hoc" basis - 'adhocracy organizations' _________
improvise as they go
14. The effects of e-mail include A) increased teamwork. B) increased paper costs. C) decreased flexibility. D) increased cost of distributing information. E) decreased time wasted.
increased teamwork
33. Which of the following factors is one that a manager should consider in deciding whether to use a group? A) need for quantity of decisions B) popularity with subordinates C) increasing acceptance of the decision D) development of the issues E) comprehensive discussion
increasing acceptance of the decision
18. The creation of products, services, or technologies that modify those that already exist is called __________ innovation. A) product B) process C) incremental D) radical E) reactive
incremental
15. A budget that allocates increased or decreased funds to a department by using the last budget period as a reference point is called a(n) A) standardized budget. B) incremental budget. C) zero-based budget. D) fixed budget. E) tactical budget.
incremental budget
37. The belief that you control your own destiny is called A) internal locus of control. B) entrepreneurship. C) intrapreneurship. D) external locus of control. E) manifest destiny.
internal locus of control
24. An innovative change involves _________ complexity, cost, and uncertainty. A) no B) minimum C) moderate D) high E) extreme
moderate
29. According to Fiedler's model, a relationship-oriented leadership style works best in __________ situations. A) low control B) high control C) moderate control D) uncontrolled E) all of the above
moderate control
31. According to Fiedler's model, _________ situation control favors a leader who is _________ oriented. A) moderate; task B) high; relationship C) moderate; relationship D) low; relationship E) difficult; charismatic
moderate; relationship
self-efficacy
one's sense of competence and effectiveness to achieve goals
1. The set of techniques used for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective is called A) organizational transformation. B) organization development. C) TQM. D) revitalization. E) incremental innovation.
organization development
1. The field that is dedicated to better understanding and managing people at work is called A) organizational behavior. B) organizational development. C) organizational culture. D) organizational strategy. E) organizational science.
organizational behavior
1. Environmental factors that hinder an organization's achieving a competitive advantage are known as A) environmental threats. B) organizational opportunities. C) organizational threats. D) organizational weaknesses. E) completive disadvantages.
organizational threats
15. An administrator at a college is deciding whether English professors should teach specialized courses or teach a variety of English courses. This is an example of A) planning. B) organizing. C) leading. D) controlling. E) leadership.
organizing
3. According to Kotter, companies manage complexity in which of the following ways? A) staying with the current trends B) lobbying the government C) organizing and staffing D) implementing and evaluating E) outsourcing
organizing and staffing
33. The Colgate toothpaste that Colgate-Palmolive manufactures is an example of a(n) __________ of its manufacturing system. A) input B) transformational process C) output D) feedback loop E) byproduct
output
PM stands for
participative management
1. The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to A) hire all qualified disabled persons who apply. B) hire quotas of qualified disabled persons. C) reasonably accommodate an individual's disability. D) actively solicit job applications from disabled persons. E) hire disabled persons so they can obtain tax breaks.
reasonably accommodate disabilities
21. Which of the following sequences best describes how a manager can foster innovation in an organization? A) recognize problems, gain allies, reward employees B) recognize problems, overcome resistance, empower employees C) overcome resistance, empower employees, provide incentives D) recognize problems, empower employees, devise solutions E) reorganize, change culture, devise solutions
recognize problems, gain allies, reward employees
2. What is the fifth step in the strategic human resource management process? A) plan human resources needed B) perform appraisals of people C) recruit and select people D) identify social capital E) orient, train and develop people
recruit and select people
1. Reduction in the steps of a work process is also called A) reduced cycle time. B) reduced process control. C) reduced resourcing. D) restructuring. E) quality analysis.
reduced cycle time - reduces steps
6. Josephine, a manager, is well liked by everyone, and her subordinates trust her to do the right thing for them. Based on this description, Josephine has __________ power. A) legitimate B) referent C) reward D) punishment E) expert
referent - derives from liking someone
1. Which of the following is a trait of emotional intelligence? A) self-sufficiency B) environmental awareness C) self-monitoring D) relationship management E) chameleon-like behavior
relationship management
37. A manager decides to take no action in the belief that there will be no great negative consequences. She is engaged in A) panic. B) relaxed avoidance. C) relaxed change. D) decreased involvement. E) defensive avoidance.
relaxed avoidance - no GREAT consequeces
18. A budget that projects future sales is called a(n) A) expense budget B) revenue budget C) cash budget D) capital expenditures budget E) cash flow budget
revenue budget - projects future sales
22. During the maturity stage of the product life cycle, managers should expect that A) sales will start to decline. B) sales will increase. C) sales will level off. D) the product will be rejected by the marketplace. E) supplies will be difficult to obtain.
sales will start to decline
16. The concept of "bounded rationality" is related to the ________ model of decision making. A) coalitional B) garbage in-garbage out C) satisficing D) incremental E) intuitional
satisficing
27. Which of the following is a disadvantage of group decision making? A) greater discomfort with the final decision B) satisficing C) goal placement D) shy individuals E) different perspectives
satisficing
12. __________ emphasizes the scientific study of work methods to improve productivity of individual workers. A) Scientific management B) Behavioral science approach C) Management science D) Operations management E) Administrative management
scientific management
6. Fredrick Winslow Taylor and the Gilbreths were proponents of which of the following? A) scientific management and administrative management, respectively B) scientific management and human relations management, respectively C) human relations D) management science E) scientific management
scientific management
24. Behavioral science relies on __________ for developing theories about human behavior that can help managers. A) intuition B) scientific research C) simulations D) anecdotes E) trial and error
scientific research
1. Which of the following are examples of Kelley's "star strategies"? A) Reflectiveness B) Self-control C) Focus D) Show and tell E) Cooperation
show and tell
19. MBO works by "cascading" objectives; that is, they become more __________ at lower levels of the organization. A) general B) challenging C) time-bound D) attainable E) specific
specific
15. In which stage in the rational decision-making model do you implement and evaluate the solution chosen? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) This is not part of the rational decision-making model.
stage 4
1. In Harvey's job, he takes random samples of production runs to ascertain quality. His job involves A) benchmarking. B) statistical process control. C) reduced cycle time. D) feedforward control. E) strategic control.
statistical process control - ensures quality is being maintained
15. The stage of group development at which power politics are most likely to result in open rebellion is the __________ stage. A) storming B) norming C) performing D) forming E) adjourning
storming
1. __________ attempts to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by preserving what is distinctive about a company. A) Strategic segmentation B) Strategic positioning C) Competitive planning D) Distinctive positioning E) Collaborative planning
strategic positioning
1. Governments are part of the __________ environment of organizations. A) unplanned B) task C) general D) internal E) sociocultural
task
1. The extent to which tasks are routine, unambiguous, and easily understood is called A) job design. B) task identity. C) task structure. D) position power. E) task maturity.
task structure
4. A _______ is defined as a small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves accountable. A) group B) team C) unit D) self-managing work team E) quality circle
team
9. Which of the following is a characteristic of a self-managed team? A) advice team B) voluntary membership C) team bonuses are used D) no empowerment E) outside the organizational structure
team bonuses are used - "individual bonuses must give way to team bonuses"
1. Differentiation arises because of ____________ and ____________. A) culture; leadership B) stability; instability C) technical specialization; division of labor D) structure; uncertainty E) structure; culture
technical specialization and division of labor
1. Woodward's model stresses the important influence of _________ on ___________. A) culture; organizational design B) technology; organizational design C) environmental stability; organizational design D) technology; organizational culture E) environmental stability; organizational culture
technology; organizational design
1. High-definition videoconference systems that simulate face-to-face meetings between users are called __________ technology. A) telepresence B) telecommuting C) televideo D) intranet E) netconference
telepresence technology - system simulates presence
21. The idea that management should pay more attention to employees came out of A) Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management. B) Fayol's Administrative Management. C) the Hawthorne studies. D) operations research. E) Theory Y.
the Hawthorne study
8. Which of the following is a question that should be answered by a company's mission statement? A) Does it inspire enthusiasm and encourage commitment? B) Does it set standards of excellence? C) Is it appropriate for the organization? D) Is it well articulated? E) What is our basic technology?
what is our basic technology?
1. The question that individuals ask during the storming stage of group development is A) How do I fit in? B) What's next? C) How can I best perform my role? D) What do the others expect me to do? E) What's my role here?
whats my role here? (INDIVIDUAL QUESTION)
7. An organization must stay ahead of their competitors in all of the following areas except A) being responsive to customers. B) innovation. C) quality. D) white-collar organization. E) efficiency.
white collar organization
14. The question the group is asking during the forming stage of group development is A) Why are we here? B) What's next? C) Can we do the job properly? D) Who's in charge? E) Can we agree on roles and work as a team?
why are we here?
10. Who are typical members of quality circles? A) workers and supervisors B) supervisors and managers C) managers only D) outside vendors only E) customers and vendors
workers and supervisors
17. The average speaker communicates __________ words per minute. A) 80 B) 125 C) 175 D) 225 E) 300
125
Fayol
Coordinating
11. A survey of 4,559 corporate managers in 36 industries found that U.S. executives thought their own companies gave innovation short shrift—only ______ percent felt their organizations could be respected for their leadership in this area. A) 4 B) 10 C) 15 D) 25 E) 30
4%
6. How many steps are in the strategic-management process? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
5
18. People can mentally process about __________ words per minute. A) 200 B) 350 C) 500 D) 650 E) 800
500
4. ArcCo Electric is a mid-sized company that prides itself on offering the best salaries and benefits, and treating everyone who works there with equal respect. The caring attitude everyone displays is truly part of its organizational culture and because of it everyone in the organization is truly involved. ArcCo is most likely an example of a __________ culture. A) clan B) adhocracy C) market D) hierarchy E) espoused
Clan - internal focus and flexible values rather than stability and control
1. XYZ Company scans its environment regularly. However, it does not tend to seek opportunities outside its present markets. This company would most likely be a (n) A) reactor. B) prospector. C) analyzer. D) defender. E) executor.
Defender
4. A person who is oriented toward task and technical concerns and has a low tolerance for ambiguity is __________ in his decision-making style. A) analytical B) behavioral C) conceptual D) directive E) heuristic
Directive
1. ___________ power results from one's specialized information. A) Legitimate B) Referent C) Reward D) Punishment E) Expert
Expert
(T/F) decreased wasted time is an effect of using email
FALSE people waste a lot of time checking e mail
22. Which of the following is a contingency approach to leadership? A) Michigan model B) Fiedler's model C) Kouzes & Posner's model D) Ohio State model E) Greenleaf's model
Fiedler's model
26. Which of the following is an example of an interpersonal role? A) Negotiator B) Spokesperson C) Entrepreneur D) Figurehead E) Monitor
Figurehead
8. What cultural perspective assumes that an organization's culture must align with its business or strategic context? A) strength perspective B) fit perspective C) strategic perspective D) conditional perspective E) adaptive perspective
Fit perspective - culture must "fit" the business/strategy
11. Which of the following theories is an example of the trait approach to leadership? A) Ohio State model B) Fiedler's model C) Michigan model D) leadership lessons from the GLOBE project E) Greenleaf's model
GLOBE - (L is leadership?)
28. The tendency of group members to agree for the sake of UNANIMITY is called A) goal displacement. B) satisficing. C) groupthink. D) heuristics. E) self-selection.
GROUPTHINK
18. Why did Peter Drucker compare knowledge workers to concert musicians? A) He loved classical music and enjoyed making these comparisons. B) He felt the workplace of the future may resemble a symphony orchestra with employees the musicians and managers as conductors. C) He believed music in the workplace would eventually help workers to achieve their very best work. D) He believed both concert musicians and knowledge workers need to be creative to succeed. E) All of the above are reasons Peter Drucker compared knowledge workers to concert musicians.
He felt the workplace of the future may resemble a symphony orchestra with employees the musicians and managers as conductors.
18. Which of the following is one of the phases in the development of the behavioral viewpoint? A) human resource management B) human relations C) operations management D) administrative theory E) operations research
Human Relations
14. When Thailand's currency dropped precipitously in value in the 1990s, the __________ helped by loaning money to various Asian countries. A) World Bank B) IMF C) WTO D) EU E) ASEAN
IMF
14. The principal organization that was designed to assist in smoothing the flow of money between nations is called the A) World Bank. B) WTO. C) IMF. D) GATT. E) EU.
IMF (Money Flow)
9. Maria, an OD consultant, has summarized the results of a survey of employee attitudes, and is leading a meeting with a group of employees and managers to tell them what was said and engage them in problem solving. Maria is in the ________ stage of OD. A) intervention B) diagnosis C) evaluation D) technostructural E) adaptation
INTERVENTION
40. The __________ model of leadership emphasizes that leaders have different sorts of relationships with different subordinates. A) Fiedler B) House C) Michigan D) LMX E) Ohio State
LMX dif relation w dif sub
10. Which of the following laws/regulations is related to labor relations? A) Privacy Act B) ERISA C) HIPPA D) COBRA E) ADEA
Privacy Act
45. The idea that decision makers find the notion of an actual loss more painful than giving up the possibility of a gain is called A) a heuristic. B) availability bias. C) representativeness bias. D) prospect theory. E) satisficing.
Prospect theory
37. A subordinate who is unable to do the job, but who is willing or confident, is classified in the Hersey-Blanchard model as A) R1 B) R2 C) R3 D) R4 E) R5
R2 (D2)
33. Managers need to do a __________ as a starting point in developing a grand strategy. A) SWOT analysis B) forecasting model C) contingency plan D) trend analysis E) planning analysis
SWOT analysis
8. Which of the following protects employees who raise accusations of fraud to a federal agency? A) Civil Rights Act B) COBRA C) Immigration Reform & Control Act D) ERISA E) Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
40. The term "learning organization" was coined by A) Deming. B) Juran. C) Maslow. D) Senge. E) Mayo.
Senge
12. Determining what is actually happening versus what is desirable is associated with which stage of the rational decision-making model? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) This does not occur in the rational decision-making model.
Stage 1
13. A diagnosis is used during __________ of the rational decision-making model in order to analyze underlying causes. A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) This is not used in the rational decision-making model.
Stage 1
14. In which stage in the rational decision-making model are alternative solutions thought up? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) This is not part of the rational decision-making model.
Stage 2
