Plants and People Midterm
When should hands be washed?
- Anytime the hands are potentially contaminated with chemical or microorganisms - Prior to the lab exercise - Following the lab exercise
What items should be washed in the sink after use?
- Beaker used for steaming during a staining specimen - Forceps and probe used in dissection of a preserved specimen
Why is a good experimental design more important than a true hypothesis?
- Because we do not set out with bias to specifically prove or disprove the hypothesis is true or false - Because a good experiment yields information even when the hypothesis is disproved
Which of the following items in the staining exercise are potentially harmful?
- Bunsen burner - Microbial culture - Nigrosin and crystal violet
Which structures are found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
- Central vacuole - Cell wall - Chloroplast
What do you do in the Smart Lab experiment phase?
- Collect measurement in the notebook - Carry out strategy chosen in the hypothesis phase
Suppose you study how speed affects the breaking distance of a car. Match each part of the hypothesis phase with its output.
- Formulate the hypothesis ---- "Breaking distance grows proportionally with speed/" - Chose a scope ------ "We will focus on how braking distance depends on speed." - Make a strategy for testing the hypothesis------ "We will brake at various speeds but keep the car and other factors constant
The major approaches to characterizing microorganisms included which four of the following?
- Genetic - Microscopic - Macroscopic - Biochemical
Your lab partner had the following items out on the bench. What should you kindly suggest he remove before you begin your lab exercise?
- Granola bar - Drinking water
What are examples of eukaryotic cells?
- Green algae - Leaf cell from a rose plant
Which of the following should you do when using a choice chamber to observe pillbug behavior?
- Have a test substance on one side of a choice chamber - Hava control substance on one side of a choice chamber - Place only one test substance in the test side of the chamber
What is required of a scientific result?
- It must be open tor revision in the light of new data - It has been tested using the scientific method
What do you do in the analysis phase?
- Make calculations based on the raw measurements - Graph the results
What would be natural to do in the experiment phase if your hypothesis is: "The ball's distance grows linearly with speed.
- Measure the distance covered while braking - Record the braking distance at different speeds - Accelerate the car to different speeds in multiple trials
Which of the following organelles are found in both animal and plant cells?
- Mitochondrion - Endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus
What items must be placed into a hard-sides sharps container rather than a biohazard bag or regular trash can?
- Needles/syringes - Used scalpel blades - Pasteur pipettes (glass) - Used glass slides
Which of the following items can be correctly discarded into biohazard bags or biohazard bin?
- Plastic agar plate with bacterial culture - Long plastic serological pipettes - Discarded discretion tissue - Gloves used to work with infectious materials
What types of shoes are appropriate in the lab?
- Sneakers - Boots
Scientific results have undergone tests that are
- Systematic - Reproducible
Which characteristics are common to all cells at some point in development?
- The cell membrane - Ribosomes - Cytoplasm - DNA
Select statements that correctly describe the process of bringing an object into focus with the 100X objective lens.
- The intensity of light may need to be adjusted to optimize illumination - A drop of immersion oil must be placed between the specimen on the slide and the 100x lens - The object should be first focused under low power, the high power prior to using the 100X objective lens
What is a towel used for during the hand washing process?
- To turn off the faucet - To dry your hands after throughly scrubbing and rinsing them
What items must be placed into a hard-sided sharps container rather than a biohazard bag or regular trash can?
- Used glass slides - Needles/syringes - Used scalpel blades - Pasteur pipettes (glass)
If possible, what should be removed before beginning the hand washing process?
- Watch - Gloves - Hand or wrist jewelry
When is it critical to wear gloves in the laboratory?
- You must wear gloves when performing dissection experiments - You must wear gloves when working with sterile mammalian cell structures - You must wear gloves when working with toxic chemicals
Which of the following is equivalent to 1 ml?
1 cm3
What is heavier, one gram or one pound?
1 pound
Rank the following biological materials in terms of size, beginning with the smallest to the larges.
1.) Average protein 2.) Virus 3.) Staphylococcus (bacteria) 4.) Amoeba
What is the order of the scientific method?
1.) Hypothesis 2.) Experiment 3.) Analysis 4.) Report
What does the prefix milli mean?
1/1000
A milliter is
1/1000 of a liter
The interconversions between standard units and derived units in the metric system are based on a factor of __________.
10
How many milliners of said are in 1 liter bottle?
1000
Which of the following is equivalent to 1 liter?
1000 cm3
Of a specimen was being viewed using a 100X objective and 10X oculars, what would be the total magnification?
1000X
Which lens will show the smallest area of the slide in the field of view?
100X
Which lenses require the use of immersion oil when viewing a specimen on a slide?
100X
Approximately how many quarts of soda are in a 2 liter bottle?
2
If 1 gram is equal to 0.0022 lbs, how many pounds are there per kilogram?
2.2 lbs per kilogram
After applying soap, you should wash your hands under water for a minimum of __________ seconds.
20
A block of wood is measuring 2cm X 4cm X 3cm. Calculate the volume of the block.
24 cm3
1 cup corresponds to approximately ___________ ml.
240 ml
1 ounces corresponds to approximately ___________ ml.
30 ml
Convert 4 cubic meters to liters.
4000 L
What objective lens was likely to be used to obtain image A?
40X
A wooden block weighs 5103 mg and therefore it weighs ________ grams.
5.103
Carbohydrates like glycogen and cellulose are polymers. What is a polymer?
A chain of similar building blocks called subunits, or monomers
Why is the testing strategy important in the design of an experiment?
A good strategy will produce. accurate results
What should your hypothesis represent?
A possible explanation for a problem or observation
What should your hypothesis represent?
A possible explanation to a problem or observation
Single celled organisms carry on all life functions within the confines of a single cell. Multicellular organisms have individuals cell types that are specialized for specific functions. Keeping this in mind, which cell would you expect to have have many different types of organelles.
A single-celled eukaryotic organism
What quick adjustment would increase the viewing quality of the specimen on the slide?
Adjust the distance between the oculars
____________ living organisms are made up of cells.
All
When measuring the volume of a liquid in a graduated cylinder, at which point should the measurement be taken?
At the meniscus
When you are finished with the dissection try and forceps used in dissection for a preserved specimen, what should you do with the specimen?
Autoclave for 15 minutes
Which arrow is pointing at the cell wall?
B
Examples of prokaryotic cells include
Bacteria, Archaea
Suppose your hypothesis is " braking distance grows linearly with speed/" What is the dependent variable?
Braking distance
Which arrow is pointing at the centrioles?
C
Prokaryotes and plant cells have which structure in common?
Cell wall
Based on organelles present, which plant, or plant structure, is most likely not photosynthetic?
Cells of onion bulb
Which structure is the arrow pointing at?
Central vacuole
Which structure is found in animals cells but not plant cells?
Centrioles
Which of the following is only found in plants cells?
Chloroplasts
Which structures are characteristics of plant cells but not animal cells?
Chloroplasts, cell wall
Besides rubbing your hands together, what step is an important part of thorough hand washing?
Cleaning under the fingernails with a stick or brush
What part of the microscope will be used first to adjust the focus when starting with the lowest power lens?
Coarse focus adjustment knob
Among which of the following lab activities it is most important to tie back long hair and secure loose clothing?
Conducting an ascetic transfer of bacteria using the Bunsen burner
Based upon this image, which component of microscopy could be altered to improve the visualization of this specimen?
Contrast
What is the name of the fluid substance contained within the cell?
Cytoplasm
The weight to volume ratio of a substance describes which physical property?
Density
If you did not know that Elodea is a plant, how would you know you are looking at plant cells?
Due to the chloroplasts
What cell type contains a nucleus?
Eukaryote
True or False: Due to their small size, all plans and animal cells must be visualized using electron microscopy.
False
True or False: You should apply soap onto dry hands first, and then, lather and scrub them under water
False
What do you do in the LabSmart's hypothesis phase?
Formulate a tentative explanation to your question or observation
Which organelle is involved in the packaging of proteins for secretion?
Golgi apparatus
In general, all photosynthetic structures of a plant body will be which color?
Green
Which image depicts the best illumination of the elodea slide?
Image B
Which image depicts the proper way to hold and transport a microscope?
Image C
Which image represents the most clearly focused image of elodea cells?
Image C
Why is the image blurred when the 100X objective is used?
Immersion oil has not been added to the slides
How does a pillbug react when confronted with a noxious (unpleasant substance)?
It moves away
What is the largest unit of weight?
Kilogram
To protect your skin and clothing from hazards such as chemicals and infectious organisms, what should be worn at all times in the lab?
Lab coat
Are lipids soluble or insoluble in water?
Lipids are insoluble in water
When measuring volume, which system of measurement is the most accurate?
Metric system
What structure is the arrow pointing to?
Mitochondrian
What would likely be the best adjustment to make to the microscope in order to better see the elodea cell structures?
Move to an area of the slide where there is nothing blocking the cells
In this exercise, you measured the number of drops in aml. Will this be a standard volume for all droppers.
No because the volume of a drop differs with the size of the dropper
In certain plants, the green color is lacking in specific parts, For example, onion bulbs are yellow or white, but not green, What does this suggest?
Photosynthesis does not occur in these plants parts
As you look at cells from an unknown source under a microscope, you notice many chloroplasts within them, This indicates that these cells are:
Photosynthetic
Suppose that you have speed on the x-axis and braking distance on the y-axis. Which graph would confirm the hypothesis: Braking distance is proportional to speed?
Points on a. straight line through (0,0) progressing upward and to the right
Most prokaryotes are single celled organisms, while many eukaryotes are multicellular. What does this suggest about these cell types?
Prokaryotes carry out all like functions within a single cells, while in multicellular eukaryotic organisms there is division of the labor between cells
The linking of amino acids is used to build which macromolecule?
Proteins, polypeptides
What structure is the arrow pointing to?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
If leaving an objective lens over the stage when storing the microscope, which objective lens should be placed over the stage?
Scanning (4x)
Where can you perform the experiment of the scientific method?
Scientific experimentation can occur anywhere, depending upon the problem being examined
Where should you dispose of glass slides, syringes, used scalpel blades, and glass Pasteur pipettes?
Sharps container
What structure is the arrow pointing to?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Suppose your hypothesis is: "braking distance grows linearly with speed." What is the independent variable?
Speed
The hypothesis is " "The braking distance grows linearly with speed." What is commonly graphed on the x-axis on the graph?
Speed
You are viewing this slide of elodea under the 10X objective lens. What part of the microscope should be used before shifting to the 40X objective lens?
Stage adjustment knobs
In a plant cell, where is the cell membrane located?
Surrounding the cytoplasm
How do central vacuoles help plant cell stay rigid?
The fluid in them exerts turgor pressure
Human skin, maple leaves, mushrooms, and bacteria all share one characteristic. which?
They are all composed of one or more cells
Which best describes the walking legs of the pillbug?
They are all the same in basic structure and function
What is the function of the chloroplast?
To produce carbohydrates (sugars)
True or False: All three factors affecting the quality of a microscopic image can be controlled by manipulating the actual microscope.
True
What is the best way to ensure that you have completely cleaned underneath your fingernails?
Use a hand brush and a wooden stick to get under the nails.
When turning off running water, it is important to remember to ____________.
Use a towel when touching the faucet handle
Which question can you ask yourself to determine the dependent variable of an experiment?
Which will I measure in the experiment?
In a plant cell, where is the central vacuole located?
Within the cytoplasm
You have successfully focused an object with the high power objective..... What is the most likely explanation?
You are suing the coarse focus adjustment knob
After viewing a slide under oil immersion, what could happen if you rotated the nosepiece in the wrong direction before removing the slide?
You could drag the 40X objective lens through the oil, making it dirty
When attempting to observe a stained smear, you should place the 100X objective lens in position but forgot to add the immersion oil. What is a likely outcome?
You will not be able to obtain a sharp image
What would be natural to do in the experiment phase if the hypothesis is" "The heavier the ball, the faster it falls."
_ Measure the weight and the falling times of different balls - Drop different balls from a fixed height
The arrow is pointing to
an objective lens
After they are used, reusable instruments or glassware that require sterilization should be placed in the ________________.
autoclave
The cell is known as the ________ unit of life.
basic
Dissection specimens and bacterial culture plates should be discarded into a ___________ bin when you are finished with them.
biohazard
Even when magnification and resolution are adequate, it may be difficult to distinguish cells from the surrounding medium. The ability to distinguish an object from the background is referred to as _____________.
contrast
The image on the right illustrates improved ___________ compared to the image on the left.
contrast
Based on the presence or absence of a nucleus, cells are broadly classified as either ___________ or __________.
eukaryotes or prokaryotes
When using the higher magnification lenses (40X and 100X) only the _______ focus adjustment knob should be used.
fine
Carbs serve as __________ and _________ energy storage molecules.
fuel, energy
The basic unit of weight in the metric system is the
gram
Which of the following indicates a positive response from the pillbug?
it moves toward a substance
What should be used to clean the slide and lens after viewing under oil immersion?
lens paper
The basic unit of fluid volume in the metric system is the
liter
Microscopes make microorganisms appear larger than they are. This parent increase in size is known as
magnification
The gram is the basic metric unit for
mass
The metric unit for length is the
meter
Polysaccahrides such as starch and cellulose are composed of subunits called ______________.
monosaccharides
To conver a larger derived unit of measure to a smaller one (grams to milligrams for example) you would _____________
multiply by a factor
The ____________ lenses further magnify the image produced by the objective lens.
ocular
The arrows are pointing to the
ocular lense
Information on the hazards posed by a chemical used in the laboratory can consistently be found ____________________________.
on the Material Safety Data Sheet for the chemical, soon to be replaced with Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
The three basic types of molecules used for building cells are ___________, _____________, and ____________.
proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids
Old lab notes, paper towels, and lens paper should be discarded into a _____________.
regular trash can
The ability to distinguish fine detail in a cell is
resolution
Carbs also serve as ____________ in some organisms.
structural molecules
Carbs are
sugar molecules or polymers of sugar molecules
In order to be of scientific value, it is important that a hypothesis should be
testable
What is the smallest living unit of which your body is composed?
the cell
The total magnification of an image is determined by _____________ and _______________.
the magnification for he ocular lens and the magnification of the objective lens used
Higher animals have skeleton that provide rigid support to the body. Plant cells use
turbo pressure and cell walls