POLS
89. Trade policy, economic aid or penalties are considered tools of what type of policy.
Diplomacy,trade/economic policies,military options
The Federal Reserve presides over what type of economic policy
monetary policy
What foreign policy doctrine was adopted in 1823
monroe doctrine
Who files suit in cases dealing with criminal law
national or state government who's law was violated acting as prosecutor or plantiff
Who shares power in appointing all federal judges
nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate
What did the first Earth Day of 1970 bring awareness about
protecting the quality of air, water, and land
What is it called when a country takes military action to oust another country's leader
regime change
What type of capitalist economy does the United States have
regulatory capitalism suggests that the operation maintenance and development of the global political economy increasingly depends on administrative rules outside the legislatures and the courts.
What type of energy is biomass (renewable or non-renewable)
renewable
88. What type of energy is Biomass
renewable energy
100. What is the job description for the California Attorney General
represents the People of California in civil and criminal matters before trial courts, appellate courts and the supreme courts of California and the United States.
98. What is the largest source of state revenue
sale & gross receipts
Since 1960, what governmental job has served as the primary training ground for Presidents
state governor
What type of court is known as a court of last resort
supreme court's
Define progressive tax
tax that imposes a higher percentage of taxation on persons with higher incomes
Define regressive tax
tax that imposes a higher percentage rate of taxation on low incomes than on high incomes
What tools are available to the government in fiscal policy actions
taxing and spending/expenditures
What is deficit spending
the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time
Define Policy Adoption
the approval of a policy by legislation, people with requisite authority is the third phase of the policy process in which policies are adopted by government bodies for future implementation.
What is the foremost federal agency in foreign policy formulation
the department of state
What agencies are known for taking the long term and short term approach in foreign policy actions
the department of state(long term) and national security council(short term)
Define Policy Formulation in the policy making process
the development of strategies for dealing with the problems on the official policy agenda
What courts are courts of "original jurisdiction"
the jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. These courts determine the facts of a case.
What is fiscal policy
the means by which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nation's economy
Define Home Rule
the power of a constituent part (administrative division) of a state to exercise such of the state's powers of governance within its own administrative area that have been decentralized to it by the central government.
Define the term national debt
the total deficit from the first presidency down to the present the total amount of money that a country's government has borrowed
U.S. Supreme Court is generally considered to be the most "activist" in Court history
times when the political system has undergone profound and lasting changes.
What factors are evidence of a healthy economy
low unemployment,
What is the role of Chief Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court
1) Task Leader (plan what to do at conferences - allocate time) 2) Social Leader ( able to smooth over differences among colleagues) The Chief Justice, as head of the United States Supreme Court, presides over the court during all private and public conferences and sessions. He or she sets the agenda for the court case "discuss list." Only those on the list will be considered. However, other justices can ask to have a court case included.
What are the 3 direct democracy terms in California
1.Recall 2.Referendum 3.Initiative
What are the names of the three court tiers in California
1.Supreme Court 2.Courts of Appeal 3. Superior Courts
93. What is the minimum age to run for elective office in California
18
How many terms can the Governor in California serve
2 terms 4-year
How many members are in the California Senate
40
How many justices are there on the California Supreme Court
7
How many members are in the California Assembly
80
How many judges are on the U.S. Supreme Court
9
What does stare decisis mean
A Latin phrase meaning "let the decision stand." Most cases reaching appellate courts are settled on this principle
What is a certiorari petition
A formal request by one or more parties in a legal case for a the Supreme Court to grant a writ of certiorari(a request for the Supreme Court to order up records from a lower court to review the case), or to agree to hear the appeal.
When was the Federal Reserve System (the Fed) created
December 23, 1913 President Woodrow Wilson signed the Federal Reserve Act into law on .
What is Senatorial Courtesy regarding judicial appointments
A tradition under which the Senate will defer to the judgment of a senator of the president's party when determining the suitability of candidates for federal judgeships from the senator's state
Who was the author of Wealth of Nations
Adam Smith
What early 19th century French visitor observed: all political questions are eventually settled in the courts in the United States
Alexis De Tocqueville
95. Define initiative
Allows voters to petition to propose legislation &then submit it for a vote by qualified voters
What do the U.S. Court of Appeals do
Appeals courts consist of three judges and do not use a jury. A court of appeals hears challenges to district court decisions from courts located within its circuit, as well as appeals from decisions of federal administrative agencies.
What does the "rule of four" mean
At least four justices of the Supreme Court must vote to consider a case before it can be heard
What is the second most powerful State executive position in California
Attorney General
Who funds the unemployment system
Benefits are generally paid by state governments, funded in large part by state and federal payroll taxes levied against employers, to workers who have become unemployed through no fault of their own.
What state has the largest number of public colleges and universities
California
91. What military conflict led to the War Powers Act
During Korean and Vietnam War,Law passed by Congress in 1973 in which it reestablish some limits on executive power. The act required the president to inform Congress of any commitment of troops broad within 48 hours, and to withdraw them in 60 to 90 days, unless Congress explicitly approved the troop commitment.
What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 do
In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures.
10. What type of trial has the higher burden of proof (civil or criminal)
In a criminal case, the prosecutor has the burden of proof; which has two parts. First, the "burden of production of evidence" means the prosecution must produce any tangible evidence and testimony that prove the elements of the crime the defendant allegedly committed. Second, the "burden of persuasion" means the prosecutor must persuade the jury beyond any reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime. In a civil case, the plaintiff has the burden of proof. The burden of persuasion requires only that the claim be supported by a preponderance of the evidence (more likely to be true than not). The defendant does not have to prove anything (p. 173).
92. What country's pursuit of nuclear weapons led to the Obama administration imposing economic sanctions and a recent agreement between the two countries to reduce these sanctions.
Iran
What British economist argued that the government should increase spending to get out of a recession
John Maynard Keynes
What is the term describing a court's ability to determine the constitutionality of an action
Judicial Review
83. What branch of government has the "power of the purse"
Legislative Branch
What president is credited with the "Great Society" program
Lyndon B. Johnson
What case established judicial review for the Supreme Court
Marbury V. Madison 1803
What early landmark case granted the Supreme Court judicial review
Marbury vs. Madison 1803
What state has a unicameral legislature
Nebraska
What type of jurisdiction does the U.S. Supreme Court generally have
Original Jurisdiction
90. What country has seen a rapid rise in foreign policy aid from the U.S. after 9/11
Pakistan
What country was Osama bin Laden killed in
Pakistan
85. What does an "entitlement program" mean
Payments made to people meeting eligibility requirements, such as Social Security
What president declared an energy crisis and promoted conservation and energy efficiency
President Jimmy Carter
84. What president approved the creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913
President Woodrow Wilson
What President introduced the U.S. foreign policy doctrine of "preemptive war or strike"
Richard Nixon 1969
97. What state first adopted direct democracy procedures in 1898
South Dakota
What is the highest form of law
Supremacy Clause
What is the supreme law of the land (U.S.)
The Constitution
Under the U.S. constitution, what entity was given the power to establish federal district courts
The Constitution and the Judiciary Act of 1789
What event led to the end of balanced budgets in the United States
The Great Depression
86. What did Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring discuss
The book discussed the misuse of pesticides and the negative affects on the environment.
What does diversity of citizenship mean
The condition that exists when the parties to a lawsuit are citizens of different states, or when the parties are citizens of a U.S. state and citizens or the government of a foreign country. Diversity of citizenship can provide a basis for federal jurisdiction.
What are the three tiers of federal courts called
The federal court system consists of 3 tiers: 1. At the top is the Supreme Court. 2. In the middle are the federal appeals courts, also known as the circuit courts of appeal. 3. At the bottom are the federal district courts, also called trial courts.
What happens if a Supreme Court decision results in a tie
The lower court decision is left standing
Define Agenda Building in the policy making process
The process through which problems become matters of public concern and government action
Identify the most powerful position in the California Assembly
The speaker of the assembly
What President introduced the world to the United States as a police power
Theodore Roosevelt
Define referendum
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.
What is the compilation of all the laws passed by the U.S. Congress known as
US Code
What is a tort
a civil wrong
What is a recall
a progressive reform allowing voters to remove elected officials by petition and majority vote
Define tariff
a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.
94. Do state laws typically offer broader or narrower protections of fundamental rights than the U.S. Constitution
broader
87. What are some of the national issues fall into the category of domestic policy
business, education, energy, health care, law enforcement, money and taxes, natural resources, social welfare, and personal rights and freedom
What does federal question mean regarding Federal courts?
cases concerning the Constitution, federal law, or treaties over which the federal courts have jurisdiction as described in the Constitution
When a country penalizes another country economically these actions are called
economic sanctions
What impact did the Gold Rush have on California
generated population increase
The government uses its power of tax expenditures to provide financial support to what groups
government financial supports that allow individuals and corporations to pay reduced taxes
Under Keynesian economics, what should the government do to get out of a recession
in periods of recession the government creates deficit budgets, and the Fed expands the money supply to increase economic activity and decrease the rate of unemployment
What does a progressive tax do
income redistribution
96. What do local governments spend the largest portion of their budges on
income security programs.
What are the tools of monetary policy as discussed in class
interest rates and reserves
What role does government have in a pure capitalist economy
is an economic system in which individuals own productive resources, and those individuals can use resources in whatever manner they choose, subject to common productive legal restrictions.
Define litigate
is when people go to court in order to get a positive ruling for their cause. If there is a law that hurts a certain group of people, they can go to court and say that it is unlawful, and that it impinges on their rights. Civil rights groups like the NAACP use litigation to force lawmakers to bring forth fair regulations as guaranteed in the constitution.
George Washington embraced what type of foreign policy approach
isolationism, a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries
82. Define GDP
total market value of all final goods & services that are newly produced within boundaries of an economy during a specific amount of time.
Identify the countries that have nuclear weapons
united states russia united kingdom france china india pakistan israel
