Practice Test 1- PSY456

Which country will show the greatest absolute increase in the numbers of people 80 years and older by the year 2100?

China

Which of the following might account for the fact that the people who live to old age are the "survivors"?

Their families provided a strong support network.

The ________ principle of adult development and aging proposes that changes build on themselves over life in a cumulative fashion.

continuity

People in later life who are most likely to suffer negative consequences of heart disease typically have high levels of which component in the blood?

low-density lipoprotein

The life-span perspective in development emphasizes ________.

understanding development as continuous from childhood to old age

Researchers studying the effects of videogame training on the cognitive abilities of older adults expose separate groups of male and female participants to a training condition and two other groups to a no-training condition in performance on a cognitive test. They then conduct a similar comparison involving male and female younger adults. In this study, the only true independent variable is ________.

videogame training

The HAROLD model of plasticity and brain aging proposes that older adults show which pattern when completing cognitive tasks compared to younger adults?

Activation of the opposite hemisphere

Highly developed countries that have nearly equal birth and death rates have an age-sex structure that resembles which shape?

Rectangle

The ________ principle of adult development and aging proposes that changes build on themselves over life in a cumulative fashion.

Becoming a grandparent.

Individuals who are in the period of emerging adulthood are likely to show which qualities?

Transition to responsible family and work roles.

The selective optimization with compensation model proposes that older adults engage in what type of behavior when faced with loss?

Try to put more energy into the abilities which they care about the most.

Changes due to normal aging include which type of processes?

Universal and progressive

One of the primary causes of aging of the respiratory system involves changes in the air sacs known as the ________.

alveoli

The ethical principle of ________ cannot be maintained in longitudinal study, where researchers must keep track of the names of their participants.

anonymity

Researchers studying the volume of the hippocampus within the brain showed the importance of examining individual differences in aging by finding that ________.

at least some older adults studied had equal or higher brain volume than some young adults

The ________ refers to the approach that combines the three sequential designs

Most Efficient Design

According to the World Health Organization, which is one of the stereotypes about aging?

Older people are helpless and unable to care for themselves

A psychologist consulting in a nursing home, after observing daily routine tasks performed by staff, finds that few engage in behavioral treatment for incontinence among patients. Such treatment might include which measures?

Teaching residents to strengthen their pelvic muscles

Because the state of ________ has such a high percentage of adults 65 and older, political candidates put heavy emphasis into making promises about Medicare and Social Security when they campaign there

Florida

The ________ curve illustrates the relationship between death rate and age for different species.

Gompertz

People who are readily able to establish long-lasting, mutually satisfying, close relationships would be considered, in Erikson's theory, to be high on which specific quality?

Intimacy

Age cannot be used as an independent variable in developmental research because ________.

It cannot be manipulated by the experimenter

Although always a problem in research on aging, the issue of selective attrition most clearly affects what type of study?

Longitudinal

A 75-year-old woman is finding that she tends to get short of breath more easily than she used to when she climbs a flight of stairs, and her ability to see well at night is becoming slightly worse. Rather than becoming upset about this, she adapts by taking her time when she has to go upstairs and by being careful when she's outside in the evening. She still feels okay about herself and her age. This case is an example of which identity process?

balance

Classifying groups of people studied in developmental research based on when they were born involves distinctions based on which type of categorization?

cohort

Changes with age in the dermis layer of the skin are associated with age-related alterations in which protein, also found in connective tissue throughout the body?

collagen

The telomere theory proposes that the cause of aging is due to ________.

cross-linking of long ends of proteins

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of development, the macrosystem includes ________.

culture, nationality, and the economic structure

In epidemiological studies, researchers obtain prevalence statistics when they want to investigate the percent of people who ________.

ever had a given disease

Age-related changes in working memory are most likely to be associated with less than optimal functioning in which area of the brain?

hippocampus

A 66-year-old woman, well past her menopause, is considering treatment to help offset cardiovascular changes and weakening of her bones. Which of the following is the most controversial of available approaches she might try in terms of overall health risks?

hormone replacement therapy

In a large-scale study investigating the relationship between intelligence and lifestyle, researchers administer a set of 10 intelligence tests which they then convert into one underlying factor. They relate this underlying factor, in turn, to various lifestyle variables such as exercise, diet, and leisure activity participation. The converted intelligence factor is known, in structural equation modeling terms, as a(n) ________.

latent variable

When demographers talk about the "aging" of the population, they are referring to the increase in the number and percentage of older adults due to an increase in what statistical estimate?

life expectancy

To evaluate the relationship between gender and psychological well-being, a researcher examines a set of 45 studies that all include similar types of measures. The researcher then is able to provide a measure of "effect size" to indicate the strength of the relationship. This type of approach is called a(n) ________.

meta-analysis

The idea that older adults who are subject to more than one type of discrimination in addition to ageism are particularly disadvantaged is known as the ________ hypothesis.

multiple jeopardy

According to the ________ principle in development, individuals can positively alter the course of their own development by engaging in high levels of physical and intellectual exercise.

plasticity

Tests that produce consistent results are said to be psychometrically ________.

reliable

Your friend's great aunt shares with you the fact that she seems to be less able to lift weight than she could when in her 40s. She is experiencing which normal age-related change?

sarcopenia

Carla suffers from a condition that affects the sleep of older adults in which they awaken because they are temporarily unable to breathe. Her condition is known as ________.

sleep apnea

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is controlled by which set of hormones in the endocrine system?

thyroid