Praxis 5039 terms, 5039 - This one.2
Some evidence-based strategies for differentiation include these for things.
-graphic organizers -listing steps -sentence frames for responses and -additional time to correct errors
A second reading of a poem should be used to identify the _____, identify the _____, and identify the _____.
-identify the pauses -identify the thought units and -identify the speaker
Students should be given opportunities to respond to nonfiction texts both _____ and _____.
-in writing and -with interactive activities
Across the centuries, the prevailing themes of American literature include _____, _____, _____, and _____.
-individualism -the American dream -cultural diversity and -the search for identity.
Present participles end in _____
-ing
The Age of Sensibility and is also referred to as the Enlightenment, a title that reflects the cultural emphasis on _____, _____, and _____.
-logic -reason and -rules.
Most works fall into one of these four broad genres.
-nonfiction -fiction -drama and -poetry
Grammarians have typically defined these eight parts of speech.
-nouns -pronouns -verbs -adverbs -adjectives -conjunctions -prepositions and -interjections
What are the 7 pronoun categories?
-personal -possessive -reflexive/intensive -relative -interrogative -demonstrative and -indefinite.
Mood is created through an interplay of these 6 literary elements.
-plot -character -setting -point of view -tone and -figurative language
In planning and facilitating fiction studies, teachers should place emphasis on important literary elements like _____, _____, _____, and _____.
-plot -character -setting and -figurative language
To guide students through the process of determining a theme, effective teachers begin by providing instruction in how authors craft their ideas using these 5 literary tools.
-plot -setting -character -figurative language and -point of view
6 literary tools
-point of view -plot -setting -character -tone and -figurative language
Usually, the octave in an Italian or Petrarchan sonnet ______, ______, or ______.
-poses a question -describes a problem or -tells a story
The lines of a poem can be separated by some sort of _____, _____, and / or _____.
-punctuation -meter and/or -rhyme
The Medieval Period followed with a focus on _____, _____, _____, and _____.
-religion -romance -diversity and -chivalry
Direct instruction of nonfiction should include identifying these 5 elements.
-rhetorical strategies -format -the author's purpose -the intended audience and -the central idea or argument.
Six literary or rhetorical devices that create satire. (SIM And Extra Underwear)
-sarcasm -irony -mockery -exaggeration -understatement and -an honest narrative appalled by the object of ridicule
To introduce poetry and build interest for a poetry unit, an effective teacher might ____-, _____, and _____.
-select a forceful poem -read it dramatically and -invite students to share their responses
The Victorian Period 1832-1900 was a time of _____, _____, and _____ turmoil.
-social -religious and -economic
What are the two main structural patterns that sonnets follow?
-the Italian or Petrarchan pattern and -the English or Shakespearean pattern
Non-Western literature is from any country other than _____, _____, _____, and _____.
-the United States -Western Europe -ancient Greece and -ancient Rome.
A third reading of a poem should be used to take marginal notes on these 5 things.
-the structure of the poem -unfamiliar words -imagery -figurative language and -the meaning of lines or phrases
the 3 elements of a formal outline
-thesis statement -main and sub points -restate thesis
Objectives for genre-studies lessons should integrate all levels of Bloom's taxonomy with the goal of equipping students to _____, _____, _____, and _____ works in various genres.
-understand -interpret -discuss and -create
Adverbs can describe these 4 things.
-verb -adjectives -other adverbs and -entire sentences
When working with nonfiction texts, students should pay particular attention to _____, _____, _____, and _____, because, when taken together with context, these elements can reveal the author's purpose.
-voice -tone -text structures and -ideas
8 interrogative nouns
-who -whom -what -where -when -which -why -how
Students should experience not only reading practice in a genre, but also receive ______ and ______ to deepen their knowledge of the genre they are studying.
-writing practice and -discussion opportunities
dependent clause chart numbers for simple, compound, complex, compound-complex
0, 0, 1+, 1+
Speech or written form that debates are use a topic in a logical way.
Argument discourse
The act of giving readers specific reasons and supporting evidence as to why they should act or think a certain way.
Argumentation
Lived in Miss from 1897-1962, greatest southern literature author, The sound and the fury, as I lay dying, light in august, absalom, absalom, a rose for emily
Faulkner
Is an error in reasoning, not in grammar usage. Examples include slippery slope, red herring, and strawman which are defined in the section
Faults statements or fallacious reasoning
Is a persuasive technique that uses something fear to disliked by the intended audience to advance a solution. For example bad breath is used to persuade want to purchase gum
Fear
This author's Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship 1796 is widely considered the original Bildungsroman.
Goethe
Have a natural language used clichés or jargon use non-standard language or unparallel construction have errors in pronoun reference problems are short still did sentences that have or run-on sentence is an sentence fragments may contain a dangling modifier a passive voice and a split infinitive.
Ineffective sentences
_____ phrases begin with the word to, followed by a simple form of a verb. For example: to eat, to jump, to skip, to laugh, to sing
Infinitive
"to eat the fish" is an example of a _____ phrase
Infinitive phrase
Usually made up of To and the base form of a verb such as to order or to abandon. Can be an adjective, adverb, or noun
Infinitive phrase verbs
Use the word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its literal or expected meeting
Irony
Usually, the seste in an _____ or _____ sonnet answers octave's the question, solves octave's the problem, or comments on the octave's story.
Italian or Petrarchan
author of The Call of the Wild, a 1903 novel set in Yukon, Canada, during the 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, when strong sled dogs were in high demand. The central character of the novel is a dog named Buck.
Jack London
2 Naturalists
Jack London and Stephen Crane
Author of The Last of the Mohicans in 1757
James Fennimore Cooper- The Romantic Period
Is the specialized language of a particular per group or culture. Educational related jargon includes words and phrases such as rubric tuning protocol or deskilling
Jargon
This Metaphysical poet was known for his conceits.
John Donne
3 Metaphysical Poets
John Donne, Andrew Marvell, and George Herbert
He was one of the main figures of the second generation of Romantic poets despite his work having been in publication for only four years before his death.
John Keats
He wrote 6 odes - Ode on a grecian urn, indolence, melancholy, a nightingale, psych, autumn.
John Keats
Author of 1667 novel Paradise Lost, consisting of ten books written in blank verse
John Milton
Author of 1741's Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, a sermon
Johnathan Edwards - Colonial Period 1620-1750
3 Harlem Renaissance Writers
Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, Zora Neal Hurston
_____ tell how students will learn and/or demonstrate their mastery of materials by reading, writing, speaking, or listening.
Language objectives
what a government does to regulate what language(s) is/are spoken and where and when in a country.
Language policy
The entry on the Works Cited page in_____ format would look like the following for the in-text citation above: Lewis, C.S. The Chronicles of Narnia. New York: Harper Collins, 1994. Print.
MLA
Author last name, first and middle initial. Title italicized. City: publisher, year.type of resource.
MLA-modern language Association
Two column notes are divided into _____ and ______,
Main ideas and details
best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus. mother was the philosopher and feminist Mary Wollstonecraft. Summer of 1816.
Mary Shelley
_____ and _____, which may arouse fear or paranoia, tend to be fast-paced and outcome-driven; they also tend to focus on human behaviors or relationships and not on paranormal activity.
Mysteries and thrillers
Looks back in earlier time in history, when life was supposedly similar, better, and more desired
Nostalgia
"the large bridge" is an example of a _____ phrase
Noun phrase
Can't be a direct object, and indirect object, or an object of a preposition.
Object case nouns
The poem Beowulf, which often begins the traditional canon of English literature, is the most famous work of _____ literature.
Old English
literature written in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th century to the decades after the Norman Conquest of 1066.
Old English
The Anglo-Saxon Period is also known as the ______________
Old English Period
By this, Greeks meant only that it had a happy ending, but classical definition means main character rises to fortune. Usually average or below average morals
Old comedy
Will a student ever receive a 0 on a rubric?
No, because students should receive credit for effort
Can be the subject of a clause or the predicate noun when it follows the verb to be
Nominative case nouns
_____ literature is from any country other than the United States, Western Europe, and ancient Greece and Rome.
Non-Western
_____ language is language that does not require specialized knowledge.
Non-technical
_____ is a genre of prose writing that is defined by the use of information that is, to the best of the author's knowledge, true and accurate.
Nonfiction
_____ texts are written to inform, to reflect, and to entertain.
Nonfiction
_____ text such as an autobiography or a personal essay you storytelling elements to inform and describe, whereas informational text such as a textbook or on the website inform the reader using clear patterns of organization and different text structures
Nonfiction narrative
What is a downside of asking students to give feedback on a course?
Outlier statements are not useful
Are considered contact languages they are cocreated and change between people who speak different languages but need some way to communicate to engage in work and trade
Pidgins
There, yonder, here, backward
Place adverbs
The opposite approach of using celebrities, this technique uses real person's to endorse a product to appeal to your sense of pride, patriotism we're home. This technique is often used in truck advertisement and political campaigns to strengthen the "authentic" image of the product or person
Plain folks
The main character or hero of the written work. This word originally came from the Greek language, and in Greek drama it refers to the person who led the chorus. This character remains the key ingredient in the development of the story
Protagonist
Is a rhetorical device in which the writer or speaker speaker uses three consecutive words to express a central point or three paralleled elements. Example be sincere be brief BE seated FDR
Rule of three
A reading comrehension method named for its five steps: survey, question, read, recite, and review.
SQ3R
Established romanticism with _ when they published Lyrical ballads. Wrote influential literary criticism. Strongly influenced transcendentalists. known for rime of the ancient mariner, christabel, kubla khan, the nightingale, dejection: an ode
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Literary ballads, like "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" by _______, are distinguished by rhythmic, poetic language and stanzas.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
The use of irony or faults praise to make fun of someone or something.
Sarcasm
The use of my peers to be positive feedback or cutting witt to mock someone
Sarcasm
Any literary text that uses critical humor to reveal vice and foolishness in individuals and institutions.
Satire
Uses humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule to expose and criticize human vices or folly, usually with the purpose of improving something in society
Satire
Describe four different things time place manner and degree
Adverbs
_____ can describe verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and entire sentences.
Adverbs
_____ typically answer the questions Where? When? Why? How? How often? To what extent? Under what conditions?
Adverbs
Where do adverb modifiers go?
Adverbs can go before or after the thing they are modifying, depending on what example they are modifying: The VERY pretty girl/ He ran QUICKLY
The novel narrates main character Janie Crawford's "ripening from a vibrant, but voiceless, teenage girl into a woman with her finger on the trigger of her own destiny."
Their Eyes Were Watching God
To interpret a message using semiotic analysis, consider the following 3 questions:
Who created the message? For whom was it created? What was the context?
Goethe's _____ 1796 is widely considered the original Bildungsroman.
Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship
Author of My Antonia, a 1918 novel, the first in a trilogy, which tells the story of several immigrant families who move to rural Nebraska.
Willa Cather
an American author who achieved recognition for her novels of frontier life on the Great Plains, in works such as O Pioneers! 1913, The Song of the Lark 1915, and My Ántonia 1918. In 1923 she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for One of Ours 1922, a novel set during World War I.
Willa Cather
Author of 1918's My Antonia, the final book of a "prairie trilogy" of novels, preceded by O Pioneers! and The Song of the Lark.
Willa Cather - Regionalism - 1865-1920
2 Regionalist Writers
Willa Cather and William Faulkner
Romantic poet also known for paintings and other forms of art. Held many idiosyncratic beliefs. songs of innocence and experience, the marriage of heaven and hell. Believed to be a precursor to romantic movement.
William Blake
Author of Of Plymouth Plantation
William Bradford- Colonial Period
Author of the 1832 poem "The Prairies"
William Cullen Bryant- The Romantic Period
Late 1800s American realist novelist, literary critic, and playwright, nicknamed "The Dean of American Letters"
William Dean Howells
Author of Absalom! Absalom!, a 1936 novel Taking place before, during, and after the Civil War, it is a story about three families of the American South, with a focus on the life of Thomas Sutpen.
William Faulkner
Established romanticism with _ when they published lyrical ballads - he wrote preface describing romantic movement. Lyrical ballads includes I wondered Lonely as a Cloud and Tintern abbey. Englands poet laureate from 1843-1850.
William Wordsworth
transitional from romanticism to modernism. Works include the stolen child, the wandering of oisin, the death of cuchulain, who goes with fergus, the song of wandering anngus, Early collections include - the secret rose, the wind among the reeds. Later works include - the green helmet, responsibilities, the tower, the winding star. Most famous poem - the second coming.
William Yeats
3 Poets from the British Modern Era
William Yeats, T.S. Eliot, Dylan Thomas
The Neoclassical era, which spanned from 1660 to 1798 and included the restoration, Augustan, and Johnson ages, ended when this happened
Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads, beginning the Romantic period
In this type of writing Students must learn how to prepare resumes cover letters job applications and business letters
Workplace writing
In this type of writing, Students must learn how to prepare resumes cover letters job applications and business letters
Workplace writing
In this literary tradition, works are sometimes grouped by commonalities, as in the study of lyrical poetry, creation myths, or hero tales; other times selections are chosen to highlight how certain literary ideas have moved across cultures.
World literature
______ can refer to all national literatures, but the term usually refers to a group of important representative literary works that are circulated and studied around the globe.
World literature
Examples of this era include the epic of Gilgamesh Hebrew Scriptures teachings of Confucius Buddhist text creation miss homers the Iliad Vergils do you need Plato's the republic
World literature timeline Beginning's - 100 C.E.ancient world
A movement within contemporary composition studies that concerns itself with writing in classes outside of composition, literature, and other English courses.
Writing Across the Curriculum
1500-1660
Year range for Renaissance Period
Typical themes of _____ literature involve dealing with social issues, answering moral and ethical questions, relating to others, finding acceptance while maintaining uniqueness, and discovering one's individual identity.
Young adult
Usually, the texts found in _____ literature are fictional, problem novels, and romances; however nonfiction, poetry, graphic novels, and comics are popular as well.
Young adult
_____ literature includes texts written for adolescent readers, youth up to age twenty-five.
Young adult
a rhetorical device that places two nouns with very different meanings in the same position in a sentence. Example: "They covered themselves with dust and glory."
Zeugma
Author of Their Eyes were Watching God, a 1937 novel that explores main character Janie Crawford's "ripening from a vibrant, but voiceless, teenage girl into a woman with her finger on the trigger of her own destiny."
Zora Neal Hurston
an American author closely associated with the Harlem Renaissance, best known for her 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God.
Zora Neale Hurston
A unit of poetry.
a line
a comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification.
analogy
_____ rubrics are more useful when it comes to highlighting areas of improvement for students,
analytic
_____ rubrics break a product down so that points are assigned by component part.
analytic
a rhetorical device that is the repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of subsequent sentences. Example: My life is my purpose. My life is my goal. My life is my inspiration
anaphora
To teach students how to _____, an effective teacher may require students to make VISA annotations, making note of interesting or novel vocabulary, important inferences, helpful summaries, and brief analyses.
annotate
a note of explanation or comment added to a text or diagram.
annotation
A _____ is the word, clause, or phrase to which a pronoun refers.
antecedent
A rhetorical device wherein a speaker purports or expresses doubt or perplexity regarding a question --often feigned--, and asks the audience how he ought to proceed. The doubts may appear as rhetorical questions,
aporia
Deconstructionists believe that any text has more than one interpretation; therefore, any interpretive reading can only go to a certain point. This is known as _____ in the text.
aporia
A a reference to a historical person or event, a fictional character or event, a mythological or religious character or event, or an artist or artistic work.
allusion
By varying the types of _____ a writer uses, they can make their writing more interesting and convincing.
details
Opposing elements or characters in a plot. These include person versus person, person versus society, person versus self, person versus nature, person versus fate or Godv
conflict
The emphasis of study in a world literature course or unit is usually the _____, _____, and _____ context of the literary works.
cultural, philosophical, and historical
With _____ reasoning, an argument begins with a general statement or premise that is proven.
deductive
The _____ of a word is its meaning, the meaning that can be found in the dictionary.
denotation
the meaning of a word that can be found in the dictionary
denotation
a clause that provides an independent clause with additional information. On its own, it doesn't express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence --also called subordinate clauses
dependent clause
_____ or _____ clauses cannot and should not stand alone
dependent or subordinate
One way authors develop their characters is directly: they tell the reader explicitly what the character is like by _____ and _____.
describing traits and assigning values
Grammarians who promote _____ argue that language should be taught in a way that mirrors how it is used in a day-to-day social context—how people speak and write to be understood by others in their culture.
descriptivism
In English, these two schools of thought emerge when linguists discuss proper grammar.
descriptivism and prescriptivism
Experts view every language as a _____ of older communication form, for example, they regard romance languages such as French, Spanish, and Portuguese as _____ of Latin.
dialects
In argumentation, _____ is considered fallacious because it simplifies a complex problem to the degree that only two options are possible. Readers are led to believe that there are no other options.
dichotomous thinking
begins with thinking in pairs of opposing terms, like good and evil, true and false. This allows people to only see the extremes of a situation rather than its complexities and subtleties. It simplifies complex problems to a degree that only tow options are possible.
dichotomous thinking
the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.
diction
Deconstructionists explain that meaning in language comes from _____: people understand good as the absence of bad; that is, one thing is understood as the absence of its opposite.
differences
Most authors use a combination of _____ and _____ characterization; this ensures that readers know what they need to know while also providing opportunities for reflection and interpretation.
direct and indirect
By the late twentieth century, British novelists became interested in psychology and close observation of _____ and _____.
human behaviors and relationships
Bloom's taxonomy is a framework for understanding how _______.
humans learn
A character saying he or she is "so hungry, [he or she] could eat a horse," is an example of a _____.
hyperbole
An overstatement, an exaggeration intended to achieve a particular effect.
hyperbole
Conflicts in literature can be categorized in general terms as either _____ or _____, though most stories have a combination of both.
internal or external
rhyming two or more words in the same line of poetry
internal rhyme
When studying drama, comparing specific scenes performed by different actors stimulates interest and can be used to introduce discussion about the multiple ways a scene can be _____.
interpreted
Common _____ verbs have i as the second letter.
intransitive
A third person narrator that is _____ is unable to see into the minds of any of the characters and only able to share what can be seen and heard.
limited
the narrator described the internal thoughts, feelings, and motivations of one character, usually the main character
limited third person point of view
unit of poetry
line
The _____ verbs agree with the subject and not the subject complement.For example, "My favorite is strawberries and apples" and "My favorites are strawberries and apples."
linking
Taste, feel, smell, sound, look, appear, become, seem, grow, remain, and stay are examples of what kind of verbs?
linking or action
The formal study, analysis, and evaluation of literary texts.
literary criticism
By viewing a single text through a variety of different _______, readers gain a depth of understanding that far exceeds that which can be developed based on straightforward analysis.
literary lenses
using a set of principles or a system of ideas to interpret literature from a unique angle... a new theoretical framework or lens that gives readers new depth and understanding
literary theory
By teaching _____ instructors can highlight for students how the assumptions that people make can color their interpretation of literary works and of the world as a whole.
literary theory,
Cultural context refers to the _____, _____, and _____ movements that were going on at the time a work was written.
literary, artistic, and musical
A _____ is an error or breakdown in logical reasoning.
logical fallacy
an error or breakdown in logical reasoning
logical fallacy
Argumentation relies heavily on ______ and involves disproving or countering opposing arguments.
logical reasoning
Unlike argumentative writing, persuasive writing does not necessarily rely as heavily on _____ and _____.
logical reasoning and evidence
In rhetoric, arguments are supported using _____ --or logical appeals, pathos--or emotional appeals, and ethos--or ethical appeals.
logos
logical appeals
logos
Dramatic works, called plays, can be written in poetic or _______ or _______.
lyrical verse or regular prose
Although a line may be a unit of attention, it is usually not a unit of _____.
meaning
Examination of textual evidence is an essential part of the process of constructing _____.
meaning
"Across the pond" is a rhetorical understatement known as _____
meiosis
As concrete representations, visual aids also support _____.
memory
Also known as the monitor and clarify strategy. Readers think about what they are reading as they read it so they can recognize any confusion immediately.
metacognition
In _____, readers think about what they are thinking as they read so that they can recognize immediately any confusion or uncertainty.
metacognition
In addition to making predictions as they read, students should be using what is referred to as the monitor and clarify strategy, also known as _____.
metacognition
To encourage _____, effective teachers might have their students record personal responses to a text in a journal.
metacognition
A type of figurative language that describes something that may be unfamiliar to the reader--the topic--by referring to it as though it were something else that is more familiar to the reader--the vehicle.
metaphor
Philosophical concerns are often the subject of _____ poetry.
metaphysical
An established rhythm within a poem, in which accentuated syllables are repetitive and predictable.
meter
The _____ of a poem is often named by the type and number of feet in one line of the poem.
meter
A rhetorical device which refers to one thing by something related to it that is nevertheless not part of it. Exanple: If you referred to a king as "the crown,
metonymy,
a phrase or clause placed awkwardly in a sentence so that it appears to modify or refer to an unintended word. To avoid misplacing them, first identify the noun and its modifier.
misplaced modifier
Commonly used in _____ text paragraphs are organized by either a cause or effect first and then alternately explain the reasons why something happened to
persuasive
In studying _____, students should focus on cause and effect relationships in order to understand why the events unfold as they do.
plot
Collective nouns agree with _____ when the collective acts as individuals within the group. For example, "The band play their instruments."
plural verbs
By carefully selecting a particular _____, writers are able to control what their readers know.
point of view
The relative pronoun "whose" indicates _____.
possession
the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject
predicate
Beginning in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this movement is characterized by a self-conscious break with traditional ways of writing, in both poetry and prose fiction.
modernist literature
A noun phrase consists of a noun and its _____. Example: The big, red barn
modifiers
Participle phrases can be extracted from the sentence, and the sentence will still make sense because the participial phrase is playing only a _____ role.
modifying
Adverbs take on a _____ or _____ role.
modifying or describing
a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause
preposition
In addition to making predictions as they read, students should be using what is referred to as the _____ and _____ strategy, also known as metacognition.
monitor and clarify
In some plays, actors perform these long speeches in which the characters explain their thinking about philosophical ideas or social issues and which are directed toward another character.
monologues
Students should also be able to distinguish the author's tone from _____.
mood
The emotional atmosphere of a literary work, which shapes the reader's experience of the text.
mood
Verbs can express action, as well as state of being such as "is" or "seems", and _____.
mood
An initial reading of a poem should be used to experience the _____ and _____ of the poem.
mood and musicality
People of the Anglo-Saxon Period shared epic poems about courageous heroes, and their concern was _____ and _____.
morality and goodness
_____ phrases set out relationships in time and space: when and where. Examples: at noon time; under the porch; before breakfast; over the mountain
prepositional
A _____ is composed of a preposition along with the object of the preposition.
prepositional phrase
A preposition will always function as part of a _________.
prepositional phrase
Grammarians who promote _____ encourage language usage that observes grammatical correctness and adheres strictly to time-honored rules.
prescriptivism
Words typically used as _____ could be used as adjectives depending on usage, as in "Her [used as an adjective] dog barks until midnight."
pronouns
Names are examples of _____ nouns.
proper nouns
A written argument begins with a _____, _____, or _____ that will be defended throughout the work.
proposition, thesis, or assertion
a literary device in which the author uses a concrete object, action or character to represent an abstract idea
symbolism
A combination of epiphora and anaphora
symploce
A metaphor stands in as a _____, interchangeable with its corresponding topic.
synonym
The English or Shakespearean sonnet pattern has _____ groups of four lines called quatrains ending with a rhyming couplet.
three
When considering setting, students should identify the _____ and _____ where the story occurs as well as the cultural and social norms of the society that is being represented.
time and place
By tracing themes across _____, _____, and _____, students of literature can begin to recognize some of the common experiences that define humanity such as love, loss, power, betrayal, growing old, and coming of age.
time, location, and culture
the separation of one word into two parts, with a third word placed in between for emphasis. Example: un-effing-believable
tmesis
Infinitive phrases begin with the word _____, followed by a simple form of a verb
to
Informational texts are written for one of three purposes:
to inform, to argue, or to persuade
Informational texts are written for one of what three purposes?
to inform, to argue, or to persuade
People say "to try and" when they mean to say _____
to try to
The _____ of a literary work is created by the author's attitude toward the reader and toward the subject of the text.
tone
an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject.
tone
The mood of a text is felt by readers as they interact with the text. The tone is more a reflection of how the author feels, usually communicated through specific diction.
tone vs mood
Examination of character should involve discussion of how the characters' actions and motivations are influenced by their _____ and _____.
traits and values
A movement in the romantic tradition that it that's the idea that every individual can reach ultimate truce through spiritual intuition. Key authors include Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David thoreau
transcendentalism - 19th century - American Renaissance period
You shouldn't say "very unique" because unique is a _____ superlative
ultimate superlative
This results when a writer focuses the content of each paragraph on a single idea.
unity
these govern word choice and order
usage conventions
Once relevant concepts have been reviewed, a teacher must sharpen the focus of a new lesson by stating the objective explicitly and by establishing the ________________.
value of the new learning
"quote" is a _____ and should only be used as one
verb
A _____ phrase is composed of the main verb along with its helping verbs. Example: The chef would have created another soufflé, but the staff protested.
verb
The gerund phrase is one type of _____ phrase, a phrase that begins with a word that would normally act as a verb but is instead filling another role within the sentence.
verbal
Writing and diving are examples of _____ nouns.
verbal nouns
A _____ poem includes a refrain—two lines that repeat throughout the poem following a specific pattern.
villanelle
A _____ poem is usually nineteen lines long; it has five stanzas, each with three lines, and a final stanza of four lines.
villanelle
Dylan Thomas' "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night" is a common example of this form of poetry.
villanelle
usually a 19 line long poem with 5 stanzas- each with three lines, and a final stanza with four lines. It includes a refrain- two lines that repeat throughout the poem
villanelle
What visual tool would most effectively use pictures to enhance communication?
visual thinking map
To teach students how to annotate, an effective teacher may require students to make VISA annotations, making note of these 4 things.
vocabulary, inferences, summaries, and analyses
the author's style, the quality that makes his or her writing unique, and which conveys the author's attitude
voice
As students gain familiarity with the nonfiction genre, they should begin writing their own nonfiction pieces, applying their understanding of the author's purpose and using published texts as models for effective _____, _____, and _____.
voice, tone, and organization
Is a persons choice of specific events, words, incident, antidotes etc. which are used to make or create a narrative or scene
Selection of detail
_____ strategies help students monitor their behaviors.
Self-regulation strategies
The study of the meaning in language
Semantics
the study of signs, signals, visual messages, and gestures.
Semiotic analysis
_____ is the study of signs, signals, visual messages, and gestures.
Semiotics
This organizes paragraphs and Connor chronological order first next last then finally following before after
Sequence structure
_____ order is an arrangement of events in the order in which they occur, either in consecutive or logical order.
Sequential order
Previewing general information about a text allows an active reader to _____ for his or her reading.
Set a purpose
The geographical and chronological location of events in a story.
Setting
1564-1616 154 sonnets 38 plays
Shakespeare
Continues on old comedy definition, portage rise to fortune. comedy of errors is a farce, much ado about nothing is romantic comedy
Shakespeare comedy
Occurs when a writer puts an adverb between the two parts of the infinitive form of the verb. Example to meekly say, correct to say meekly
Split infinitive
Encompasses the way and author or orator uses words, phrases, and sentences to Kimberly ideas. In addition, is usually thought of as ways one person's work is distinguished from the works of others.
Style
guidebooks for general language usage and documentation of sources within a written document, anthology, or field of study.
Style manuals
In this type of writing activities at students right interviews, accounts, profiles or descriptions to capture the meaning of a subject being written about
Subject writing
In this type of writing, students write interviews, accounts, profiles or descriptions to capture the meaning of a subject being written about
Subject writing
_____ verbs make a statement of speculation or wish.
Subjunctive
a rhetorical device in which part of one thing is used to represent its whole. Example: If you referred to an old king as "greybeard,"
Synecdoche
The study of the structure of sentences
Syntax
Have, has, had, do, does, and did are examples of what kind of verbs?
Action or helping
_____ readers get involved with a text by making connections between what they know and what they are learning or experiencing.
Active
A technique in an argument used to counter a position using feelings or prejudice, not facts, reason, or logic.
Ad hominem
Where do adjective modifiers go?
Adjective modifiers typically go before the noun, or after a helping verb. The PRETTY girl/ The girl was PRETTY
Describe or modify nouns or pronouns. Example: big blue, old, tacky, shiny
Adjectives
_____ modify or describe, but they add to the meaning of nouns and pronouns only.
Adjectives
_____ typically answer the questions What kind? Which one? How many? How much? Whose?
Adjectives
Rhyming two or more words in the same line of poetry.
Internal rhyme
_____ strategies are those that focus on thinking about thinking.
Metacognitive strategies
_____ poets encouraged readers to see the world from anew perspective by surprising them through use of paradoxes, contradictory imagery, original syntax, combinations of religious, philosophical, and artistic images, and extended metaphors called conceits. They didn't allude to mythology or nature but to science.
Metaphysical
John Donne, Andrew Marvell, and George Herbert are part of this British Literary Period
Metaphysical Poets
Term coined by Dr. Samuel Johnson to describe 17th century lyrical poets who shared elements of content and style including Donne, Marvell, Cowley, Cleveland, Crashaw, Traherne, and Vaughan.
Metaphysics
iambs, trochees, spondees, anapests and dactyls are examples of _____.
Meter
Language used between 1066 to 1470. Saw many changing in dialect and grammar. Little English literature from this time probably because of French occupation.
Middle English
The Medieval Period is also known as the ______
Middle English Period
Though Shakespeare's sonnets were perhaps the finest examples of the English sonnet, John Milton's Italian-patterned sonnets, later known as "_____" sonnets, added several important refinements to the form, which can be seen in "When I Consider How My Light is Spent."
Miltonic
Prepositions set up relationships in _____ and _____.
space and time
A short work with a specific purpose, intended to be presented orally in front of an audience.
speech
Before introducing a poem with an extended metaphor, the teacher might review the definition of a metaphor and have students cite examples from earlier lessons before predicting what an extended metaphor might look like. This is an example of what?
spiraling a concept
_____ (x /) meter is unstressed stressed, as in contain
IAMBIC
_____ verbs state a command, as in "Play tennis!"
Imperative
A sentence that issues a command. Example:: please clear the dinner table
Imperative the sentences
What are the 5 organizational structures?
-chronological -problem-solution -cause-effect -general-specific or -compare-contrast.
Literature can be classified into genres and subgenres, categories of works that are similar in _____, _____, _____, or _____.
-format -content -tone or -length
This criticism examines the readers activity while reading the literary work.
Reader response criticism
Sentence errors fall into these 3 categories:
-fragments, -comma splices (comma fault), and -fused sentences (run-on).
_____ theory is centered on the idea that as readers read, they experience a transaction with the text.
Reader-response
3 types of conjunction are:
-coordinating conjunctions -correlative conjunctions and -subordinating conjunctions
Ballads are frequently about _____, _____, _____, or _____.
-courage -love -political disputes or -military battles
The subjunctive mood is formed with other words like the word _____. However, the verb itself does not usually change.
"that"
Early American colonists wrote about _____, _____, and _____.
-exploration -Native American relations and -life in the New World
In a traditional plot structure, the author begins by introducing these 5 elements.
-exposition -important background -setting -characters and -the state of the world
16)List all of the adjectives used in the following sentence: Her camera fell into the turbulent water, so her frantic friend quickly grabbed the damp item.
-Turbulent, frantic, and damp are typical adjectives -"her" is modifying the nouns camera and friend and "the" is always a limiting adjective—the definite article
Folklore comes in many forms including _____, _____, _____, and _____.
-fables -fairy tales -myths and -legends
17)List all of the pronouns used in the following sentence: Several of the administrators who had spoken clearly on the budget increase gave both of the opposing committee members a list of their ideas.
-"Several" is an indefinite plural pronoun -"who" is a relative pronoun introducing the adjectival clause "who had spoken clearly on the budget increase" and -"both" is an indefinite plural pronoun The word "their" however, is NOT a pronoun here because it is being used as a possessive adjective
All (450) Men (1066) Ride (1485) gold-Elephants (1558) and Neo-Rhino-Entamens (1660) Really (1798) Vigorously (1832)
-Anglo-Saxon 450 -Medieval 1066 -Renaissance 1485 ----Elizabethan -golden age- 1558 -Neoclassical 1660 ----Restoration 1660 ----Enlightenment/age of reason/sensibility 1685 -Romantic 1798 -Victorian 1832
The Realistic Period included _____, _____, and _____.
-Civil War writers -Regionalists and -Naturalists.
There are many kinds of details that a writer can use to support his or her main idea. Many writers refer to the acronym RENNS to recall these various types, which means:
-Reasons, -Examples, -Names, -Numbers, and -Senses.
Usually, the seste in an Italian or Petrarchan sonnet _______, _______, or _______.
-answers octave's the question -solves octave's the problem or -comments on the octave's story
independent clause chart numbers for simple, compound, complex, compound-complex
1, 2+, 1, 2+
The four types of text
1. Expository 2. Persuasive 3. Narrative 4. Technical
The 6 levels of Bloom's taxonomy
1. remembering 2. understanding 3. applying 4-6. analyzing, evaluating and creating
Examples of this time range the New Testament of the Bible the Koran Dantes inferno the song of Roland tale of the Genji Machiavelli's the prince Martin Luther speech at the diet of the worms and Don Cotee
100 C.E.- 1650 medieval and early modern world
Examples of this time range include: Chaucer's Canterbury tales, Mallorys le morte d'rthur, everyman, and lyrical poetry such as the cuckoo song
1066 - 1500 Middle English period
Year range for the Medieval Period
1066-1485
Year range for the the Renaissance Period
1485-1660
Year range for the Colonial Period
1620-1750
Year range for the the Restoration Period
1660-1798
Year range for the Age of Revolution
1750-1815
Year range for the the Romantic Period
1785-1830
Year range for the Romantic/Transcendental Period
1800-1865
Year range for the Victorian Period
1832-1900
Year range for the Realistic Period
1855-1910
Year range for the British Modern Era
1900-1945
Year range for the Modern Period
1900-1950
Year range for the Postmodern Period
1950-present
Examples of work in this century include: Hardees on the western circuit and the convergence of the twain, Shaws pig million, Elliot the love story of J Alfred per frock, Lawrences women in love, Yeats lapis Luzuli, Rushdie The Satanic verses, Beckett waiting for godet
20th-century
Year range of the the Anglo-Saxon Period
449-1066
subordinate such as: because when since who while which that unless (etc)
A clause is dependent/subordinate when it begins with a ________ word:
The outcome or resolution of a plot in a story
Denouement
a group of words that communicates a partial idea and lacks either a subject or a predicate.
A phrase
_____, _____, and _____ are always limiting adjectives.
A, and, and the
Examples of works written during this period include Cooper's Leatherstocking tales, the last of the Mohicans, the Pathfinder the pioneers and the Prairie, Emerson's nature and self-reliance, Irving's Rip van Winkle and legend of Sleepyhollow, Edgar Allan Poe the Raven and other tales of the grotesque.
ALT naturalist period 1828-1836
The declaration of independence, the wild honeysuckle, the Indian burial ground, and Brown's the power of sympathy the first American novel were written during this preiod
ALT revolutionary period 1760-1787
Ben Franklin's poor Richards almanac and Edwards the freedom of will were written during this period
ALT/colonial period 1630-1760
_____ (x x /) meter is unstressed unstressed stressed, as in coup de gras
ANAPESTIC
a rhetorical device that uses words with the same root in the same sentence. Example: This rhetoric is sure to somehow work on someone, somewhere, someday.
Adnomination
In-text citation in _____ format looks like the following: The general trend in the early 1900s was to consult the student, an action that had, up to that time, been looked upon as "soft pedagogy" (Tolman, 1902, p. 159).
APA
The entry on the References page in_____ format would look like the following for the in-text citation above: Tolman, A. (1902). The revival of English grammar. The School Review, 10(2), 157-165.
APA
Author last name, first first initial. Second show. Bracket year on bracket. Publication city: publisher.
APA - American psychological Association
Name an idea, condition, or feeling in other words, something that is not concrete. Example ideals, justice, America
Abstract nouns
Author of "Everyday Use"
Alice Walker
worked as a social worker, teacher and lecturer, and took part in the 1960s Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi. She won the 1983 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for her 1982 novel, The Color Purple, and is also an acclaimed poet and essayist.
Alice Walker
Occurs when there are two or more possible meanings to a word or phrase
Ambiguity
The Colonial Period The Age of Revolution Romantic Period Transcendental Anti-Transcendental Transitional Writers The Realistic Period Civil War Writers Regionalism Naturalism The Modern Period
American Literature Periods
An important movement in American literature from the 1890s until the 1920s. While it is strongly associated with realism, in the shared emphasis on depicting surface reality, it is more than a literary technique, involving as it does the philosophy of determinism.
American Naturalism
This literary era was antiromantic in emphasizing the limited ability of humans to impose will upon their own destiny, and also in devaluing the imagination's embellishment of reality. London, Chopin, Twain, Zola, Crane.
American Naturalism
1820-1860s, American "romantic" period, closely associated with transcendentalism. Classic scholarship, focusing on authors like Emerson, Hawthorne, and Whitman, identifies this period with American literature's first achievement of literary excellence and establishment of a classical American tradition in which European styles and standards were adapted to American subjects.
American Renaissance
Works written during this period inclde Emily Dickinson's poem's life love, Herman Melville's Moby Dick, Walt Whitman's oh Captain my Captain, leaves of grass and Thoreau's Walden
American Renaissance Period 1830-1860
an American writer whose works explore mother-daughter relationships and the Chinese-American experience. Her best-known work is The Joy Luck Club,
Amy Tan
A person who opposes or competes with the main character; often the villain in the story.
Antagonist
a rhetorical device that is the repetition of the word from the end of one sentence to the beginning of the next. Example: Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering."
Anadiplosis
English today contains words from many root languages including Chinese, Hebrew, and Russian, but the most common root words are of _____ descent.
Anglo-Saxon
British Literature Periods
Anglo-Saxon Period Medieval Period Renaissance Period Elizabethan Age Restoration Period Age of Sensibility The Enlightenment Metaphysical The Romantic Period The Victorian Period The Modern Era
Beowulf is part of this British Literary Period
Anglo-Saxon Period - 449-1066
Author of the Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America and other poetry
Anne Bradstreet - Colonial Period 1620-1750
VISA- noting interesting vocabulary, making important inferences, helpful summaries, brief analysis - is a useful _____.
Annotating Strategy
A rhetorical device that is the inclusion of a compliment and a critique in the same sentence.Example: You are actually doing some good work here, but I think you should involve the other people more in what you do.
Antanagoge
The noun to which the pronoun refers. Each pronoun must agree with this with its antecedent. Example: Jimmy is playing in the basketball tournament tomorrow. He hopes it will go well
Antecedent pronoun
a rhetorical device that is the misuse of one word's part of speech, such as using a noun for a verb. Example: "Facebooking" and "adulting"
Anthimeria
This may be a pretest, although there are no right or wrong answers. It provides students with the opportunity to respond to and discuss a series of open ended questions or opinion a questions that address various themes, vocabulary words, and concepts that will appear in the upcoming text
Anticipation guide
A contrast in parallel phrases or clauses
Antithesis
This type of persuasion in logic in which an expert or knowledgeable other is cited for the purpose of strengthening the argument
Appeal to authority
Is a type of argument in which the author appeal to the readers emotions fear, security, pity, flattery, to prove the argument
Appeal to emotion
_____ phrases rename the word or group of words that precedes them. Example: My dad, a clock maker, loves antiques.
Appositive
To assess writing, speaking, or listening tasks, one must choose ____________.
Assessments that match the tasks
Links a product, idea, or service was something the members of the target audience already like or desire, such as fun, security, or success
Association
The inclusion of words with the same vowel sounds within one or two lines of poetry.
Assonance
A rhetorical device wherein one eliminates conjunctions between the phrases, and in the sentence, yet maintain grammatical accuracy. Example: Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Shrunk to this little measure?
Asyndeton
Successful writers know the importance of writing for specific _____ and _____.
Audience and purpose
To determine _____ of a source, ask Is the author identifiable? If yes, what is the author's background, and what are the other sources cited? If no, what agency or organization has created this online source? What is the organization's history, political view, or purpose?
Authority
To determine _____, ask Is the author identifiable? If yes, what is the author's background, and what are the other sources cited? If no, what agency or organization has created this online source? What is the organization's history, political view, or purpose?
Authority
A verb that becomes before another verb. Example: she must have passed the Praxis English subject assessment test.
Auxiliary or helping verb
Tries to appeal to people desire not to be left out and sends the message that everyone is doing it. One technique closely associated with this is majority belief, such as American people believe..."
Bandwagon
_____ are novels of formation, education, and culture, depicting their main characters' processes of searching, learning, and coming of age.
Bildungsromans
Poetry that is written in iambic pentameter and is unrhymed.
Blank verse
Objectives for genre-studies lessons should integrate all levels of ______ with the goal of equipping students to understand, interpret, discuss, and create works in various genres.
Bloom's taxonomy
a framework for understanding how humans learn
Bloom's taxonomy
Joseph Conrad, D.H. Lawrence, and George Orwell are part of this British Literary Period
British Modern - 1900-1945
Bernard Shaw, Virginia Woolf, and Katherine Mansfield are part of this British Literary Period
British Modern Period - 1900-1945
Doris Lessing, William Yeats, T.S. Eliot, and Dylan Thomas are part of this British Literary Period
British Modern Period - 1900-1945
characterized by order, accuracy, and structure. In direct opposition to Renaissance attitudes, where man was seen as basically good, writers portrayed man as inherently flawed. They emphasized restraint, self-control, and common sense. Between renaissance and romantic era. Milton and dryden.
British Neoclassicism
Examples of this time range include; Beowulf the wife's lament, and the wonder
British literature timeline - four 50-10 66 old English Anglo-Saxon.
How can a teacher use constructivist theory in the classroom?
By designing lessons that require students both to respond to and interact with text as they read and to interact with each other through authentic discussion and debate. Activities that provide opportunities to process, share, and examine their thought about texts are essential.
A persuasive technique in which one side of an issue is advanced and the other is repressed
Card stacking
The writer shows relationships between their events and the results
Cause and effect
_____ is a text structure that shows a causal chain of events or ideas.
Cause-effect
Famous person is used to get our attention, build appealfor an idea product and gain our favor
Celebrities
Occurs when a person's leader appears firm, strong, confident and even bold. People tend to follow such leaders even though they may disagree with their positions on issues
Charisma
"father of english literature" Canterbury tales - pilgrims going to canterbury: knights, millers, reeves, cooks, man of law, wife of bath, friar, summoner, clerks, merchants, squires, franklin, physician, pardoner, nuns priest. Parlement of foules - Ciceros "dream of scipio"
Chaucer
Author of The Canterbury Tales, a series of stories written in Middle English between 1387 and 1400
Chaucer- Medieval Period
When using _____ style for documentation and research, the author of the writing task must attribute summaries, paraphrases, and quotations to the original author or group by way of footnotes indicated by superscript.
Chicago
3 Renaissance Period writers
Christopher Marlow, Edmund Spencer, and William Shakespeare
_____ order is applied when events are presented in the order in which they occurred in time.
Chronological
The writer shows order of time or the steps
Chronologically
similar sounds at the beginning of words
alliteration
The writer explains the relationships between times or concepts
Classification
Are groups of related words that have both a subject and a predicate. For example I have a tendency to procrastinate when I have a high-stakes assessment contains a clause, I have a tendency to procrastinate, and a subordinate clause clause, when I have a high-stakes assessment.
Clauses
Common sayings that lack originality but are familiar and relatable to an audience.
Clichés
The details are stated first, followed by a topic sentence
Climax
Involves reading and rereading portions of text to determine the deeper layers of meaning in it within the text. Readers create a detailed and careful analysis of the text meaning through the analysis of word choice, things, main ideas, and text organization. one may also use multiple literary theory such as feminist or Marxist to derive a deeper meaning during close reading
Close reading
Poetry that follows a given form or shape.
Closed form poetry
_____ refers to the logical progression of words, sentences, and paragraphs.
Coherence
_____ writing occurs when partners or small groups of students work together to complete segments of a writing process (or the full process) together.
Collaborative
Name a group or unit. Examples gaggle, heard, community
Collective nouns
Anne Bradstreet was a poet during which American literary period?
Colonial Period
The interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equinao, an autobiography, was written during which American literary period?
Colonial Period
Olaudah Equiano and Jonathan Edwards are from this American Literary Period
Colonial Period 1620-1750
William Bradford and Anne Bradstreet are from this American Literary Period
Colonial Period 1620-1750
Is use between two independent clauses, two separate additives to separate contrasted element or to set off appositives, two separate items a list to enclose explanatory words, to set off nonrestrictive phrases, to ensure clarity, in numbers, to enclose titles, to set off dates.
Comma
_____ should be used to negate a statement. For example, "A hockey game has periods(?) not quarters."
Commas
_____ should be used to set off non-essential information (non-restrictive information).
Commas
Do not name specific people, place your things, nouns are not capitalized. Example person animal car
Common nouns
_____ competence means being able to speak a language both appropriately in a social context as well as correctly in terms of rules and structure.
Communicative competence
The writer demonstrates similarities and differences between two or more subjects
Comparison
A sentence that has one independent clause and one or more dependent clause. Example: you will get a teaching job "independent clause", even though it will be challenging "Dependant clause".
Complex sentence
It's self, myself anybody somebody, everything
Compound pronouns
A sentence that is made up of two independent clauses the closets must be joined by a semi colon or by, and a coordinating conjunction. Example: my dog growls at the mailman, but my cat growls at her littermate.
Compound sentence
My dog and my cat growl and appear agitated.
Compound subject, compound predicate
My dog and my cat Growl.
Compound subject, single predicate
This sentence has two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. Example; I just earned my teaching degree independent clause and I plan to go and get a teaching job independent clause because I need a career D pendant clause.
Compound/complex sentence
_____ strategies help students understand and remember content. These strategies are usually broken into the subcategories of monitoring, using text structure, summarizing, elaborating, and explaining.
Comprehension strategies
In this type of writing, students play with language, express emotions, articulate stories, or develop a drama for others to enjoy
Creative writing
Name names a think that is tangible it can be seen heard felt touch smelled or tasted they are either proper or comment. Examples: dog school football
Concrete nouns
_____ sentences, which use the auxiliaries would, could, and should, use the subjunctive mood.
Conditional
A sentence that expresses wishes or conditions contrary to fact. Example: if you were to hang onto the basketball rim then you could experience the glory of every NBA player.
Conditional sentence
_____ join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.
Conjunctions
Refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to the word
Connotation
The repetition of the same consonant sounds at the end of a stressed syllable, but following different vowel sounds, in words that are fairly close together.
Consonance
_____ identify what students are supposed to learn throughout a given time period in a specific subject area.
Content area standards
_____ identify what students should be able to do at the end of a content area lesson.
Content objectives
_____ refers to both the historical and cultural time a text was written.
Context
Includes spelling grammar punctuation and capitals capitalization and paragraph it
Conventions
Uses contrasting ideas to communicate a message
Counterpoint
A stanza with two lines.
Couplet
To determine _____, ask Is the source completed or under construction? What key information is omitted.
Coverage
In this type of writing students play with language, express emotions, articulate stories, or develop a drama for others to enjoy
Creative writing
_____ involves asking questions about the quality of reasoning or the validity of a belief or an assumption.
Critical thinking
A language changes from pigeon to _____ when it is learned as a first language of a new generation of people one example of is Afrikaans which is a made up of Dutch English and bantu
Croele
________ refers to the literary, artistic, and musical movements that were going on at the time a work was written.
Cultural context
To determine _____, ask When was the source last updated or revised? This information is usually at the bottom of the homepage.
Currency
_____ (/ x x) meter is stressed unstressed unstressed, as in bicycle
DACTYLIC
A word or phrase that modifies the word not clearly stated in the sentence. For example, Stuffed with dressing and surrounded by vegetables, aunt Lydia served the Thanksgiving turkey.
Dangling modifier
Sentences that make a statement and tell about a person, place thing or idea. Example Tori is my daughter
Declarative sentences
Followers of this liteary theroy believe that we can never know the true meaning of the text because the text is not a discrete whole; rather, it contains contradictions and dear reconcilable meanings.
Deconstruction/post structuralism
_____ literary criticism focuses on dissecting and uncovering the writer's assumptions about what is true and false, good and bad.
Deconstructionist
Criticism that focuses on dissecting and uncovering the writer's assumptions about what is true and false, good and bad. Language is considered a distortion of reality.
Deconstructionist literary criticism
Followers of this literary criticism explain that meaning in language comes form differences: people understand good as the absence of bad; that is, one thing is understood as the absence of its opposite.
Deconstructionist literary criticism
_____ argue that, because of inconsistencies and ambiguities in texts, no text can be reduced to one correct meaning or interpretation.
Deconstructionists
Greatly, partly, too, incrementally
Degree adverbs
This, that, those, and these are examples of _____ pronouns.
Demonstrative
_____ pronouns point out or draw attention to something or someone, or they indicate proximity or distance.
Demonstrative
Is the literal or primary meaning of the word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas the word suggest
Denotation
Speech or written form that uses the sentences to describe something. For example novels, essays or speech about childhood recollection may contain descriptive discourse
Descriptive discourse
A variation of a language used by people who live in a particular geographical area, cultural group or time. It is a complete system of verbal and sometimes written communication with its own vocabulary and grammar
Dialect
_____ and _____ are linguistic qualities that an author might incorporate into his or her writing in order to develop characters or setting.
Dialect and slang
_____ thinking allows people to only see the extremes of a situation rather than its complexities and subtleties.
Dichotomous
_____ thinking begins with thinking in pairs of opposing terms, like good/evil, true/false.
Dichotomous
A persons choice of words based on their clarity, effectiveness and authenticity conciseness
Diction
The choice of words or phrases in writing or speech
Diction
_____ competence deals with the knowledge of how to construct smaller units of language like phrases and sentences into cohesive works like letters, speeches, conversations, and articles.
Discourse competence
Assign groups of 3 or 4 students to leveled readers. Let them read it and then provide a journal promt. After they have written their responses, form discussion groups.
Discussion model: Literature Circle
An Instructional activity in which students become the teacher in small group reading sessions. Teachers model, then help students learn to guide group discussions using four strategies- summarizing, question generating, clarifying and predicting.
Discussion model: Reciprocal teaching
A formal discussion, based on a text, in which the leader asks open-ended questions. Within the context of the discussion, students listen closely to the comments of others, thinking critically for themselves, and articulate their own thoughts and their responses to the thoughts of others.
Discussion model: Socratic seminar
A collaborative learning strategy in which students work together to solve a problem or answer a question about an assigned reading. This requires them to think individually about a topic and share ideas with classmates.
Discussion model: Think-pair-share
Author of White Noise, a 1985 novel about a college professor and his family whose small Midwestern town is evacuated after an industrial accident.
Don DiLillo- The Post Modern Period
Is language that is intended to be a basic or to conceal. Is related to euphemism but is distinguished by government, military, or business organizations. Example: downsized actually means fired or loss of a job
Double speak
in this stage of writing, Students begin writing, connecting and developing ideas.
Drafting
expressive writing that tells a story to an audience through the actions and dialogue of characters, which are brought to life by actors onstage
Drama
_____ irony occurs when the audience knows about something of which a character or characters are not aware.
Dramatic
This stage of writing involves checking for style and conventions; spelling, grammar, usage, and mechanics.
Editing
The Spenserian sonnet, invented by sixteenth century English poet _____, cribs its structure from the Shakespearean—three quatrains and a couplet—but employs a series of "couplet links" between quatrains, as revealed in the rhyme scheme: abab, bcbc, cdcd, ee.
Edmund Spenser
Have clear and concise language use imagery precise language and read them.
Effective sentences
The table of contents of an electronic text is found in the _____
Electronic menu
A poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead.
Elegy
Asides and soliloquies, and plays within a play were common during _____ drama.
Elzabethan
2 New England or Transitional Writers
Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman
This literary period began in 1485 with battle of bosworth. lasted until early 17th century. Height was elizabethan era. Major authors include Shakespeare, Marlowe, Jonson, Donne, Bacon, and wyatt.
English Renaissance
The _____ or _____ sonnet pattern has three groups of four lines called quatrains ending with a rhyming couplet.
English or Shakespearean
The quatrains in a _____ or _____ sonnet present variations on a single theme, and the couplet is a concluding remark.
English or Shakespearean
The rhyme scheme of the _____ or _____ sonnet is a-b-a-b c-d-c-d e-f-e-f g-g.
English or Shakespearean
1 of The Lost Generation Writers
Ernest Hemingway
Author of The Old Man and the Sea, A Farewell to Arms, and For Whom the Bell Tolls
Ernest Hemingway
_____research practices exist to ensure that fairness and truth are employed in the pursuit of knowledge.
Ethical
The study of language as it relates to culture; frequently associated with Minority linguistic groups within a larger culture
Ethnolinguistics
The study of the history and origin of words some words are derived from other words and other languages.
Etymology
And indirect or mild word or phrase when referring to something embarrassing or unpleasant such as pathway for died
Euphemism
Is a socially excepted word or phrase used to replace unacceptable language, such expressions are bodily functions or body parts. Are also used as substitutes for straightforward words to tactfully conceal or falsify meaning. Passed away equals died
Euphemism
a pleasant-sounding expression for words that might be unpleasant in meaning
Euphemism
words sounding pleasant because of their letter sounds
Euphony
In the stage of writing, the student looks back at his or her work and the effectiveness of the writing
Evaluating
Sentence that communicates strong feelings or ideas. Ex: That was a great shot!
Exclamatory sentence
_____ language is clear, detailed, and exact; where wording is designed to prevent confusion and ambiguity.
Explicit
Speech or written form in which one explains or describes definitions and comparative analysis of ideas are examples
Exposition discourse
Biographies, autobiographies, newspaper and magazine articles
Expository Texts
Is a metaphor a comparison of two unlike things used to go to work or over a series of lines in pros or poetry
Extended metaphor
________ occur when a character is in conflict with something or someone in the external world—the elements of nature, another character, supernatural forces, destiny, or society.
External conflicts
Is a technique that works by ignoring how complex something is an predicted outcome we hope will be true because we want to believe it
Extrapolation
_____ are based in truth and can usually be proven.
Facts
_____ literary theory involves asking questions about the degree to which a literary text perpetuates the ideas that women are inferior to and dependent on men or that the perspective of a woman is not as interesting or significant as that of a man.
Feminist
_____ is a prose genre, made up of narratives whose details are not based in truth but are instead the creation of the author.
Fiction
Expressions that are understood to have a nonliteral meaning.
Figures of speech
Is a technique in which a small subset of the class sit in a circle in the center of the class and engaged in dialogue that the rest of the class listens to and observes, while from time to time the teacher pauses to examine the discussion with the other students
Fishbowl
Praises or acknowledges so that the audience feel accepted and persuaded
Flattery
_____ is a set of beliefs and stories of a particular people, which are passed down through the generations.
Folklore
Is a technique in which the writer or speaker give hints or clues about what is to come at some later point in the piece
Foreshadowing
_____ or _____ emphasizes closely reading the text and analyzing how literary elements create meaning in it; it is unconcerned with the text's effect on the reader.
Formalism or New Criticism
emphasizes closely reading the text and analyzing how literary elements create meaning in it; it is unconcerned with the text's effect on the reader.
Formalism/ New Criticism
_____ assessments (daily work, homework, quizzes) are those assignments that are given leading up to the summative assessments, which the teacher uses to evaluate student progress and adjust instruction.
Formative
a range of formal and informal assessment procedures conducted by teachers during the learning process in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment --unlike Summartive Evaluations- judgments made about the efficacy of a program or course when it has ended
Formative Assessment
3 writers during The Enlightenment
Francis Bacon, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rosseau
Author of My Bondage and My Freedom
Frederick Douglass
Poetry without patterns of rhyme or regular meter.
Free verse
writings that are meant to help you out and solve a problem- product manual, forms, signs, public transportation schedules, etc.
Functional Texts
What is the verb tense of "I will have been studying"
Future Perfect Progressive Tense
What is the verb tense of "I will have studied."
Future Perfect Tense
What is the verb tense of "I will be studying."
Future Progressive Tense
What is the verb tense of "I will study."
Future Tense
Used to express action that will begin in the future and end in the future
Future perfect tense verbs
Used to express action that will take place in the future.
Future tense verbs
One exciting way to introduce a new text is with a _____, in which teachers place images, video clips, or quotations related to the text in stations around the room; students then walk around, studying the items and recording their impressions.
Gallery Walk
Mother sister aunt woman cow
Gender nouns feminine
Father, brother, uncle, men, bull
Gender nouns masculine
Window, shrub, door, college, car
Gender nouns neutral
Chairperson, politician, president, Professor, flight attendant, teacher
Gender nounsindefinite
Categories of works that literature can be classified into based on similar format, content, tone, or length
Genres and subgenres
Playwright of Pygmalion, a 1913 play in which, To settle a bet, phonetics professor Henry Higgins teaches a cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, that being a lady means more than just speaking like a lady.
George Bernard Shaw- The Modern Era
The most profligate and flamboyant Romantic poet. Know for narrative poems - Don Juan, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, and the short lyrical poem - she walks in beauty.
George Gordon, Lord Byron
Made up of a present participle a verb ending in ING and always functions as a noun. Example: gardening is my favorite leisure activity.
Gerund phrase verb
Use words like "justice", "freedom", and "democracy" in vague Way. Since these are positive concepts that everyone would support, this technique helps the audience except an argument
Glittering generality's
_____ refers to the structures and systems that make up a language.
Grammar
This a notetaking guide use before during or after reading a text. Examples are concept map, somatic feature analysis, matrix, venn diagram, cause-and-effect, cycle map, sequence, problem and solution, and continue them.
Graphic organizers
Monologues and costumes date back to _____ drama.
Greek
Among those artists whose works achieved recognition during this era were Langston Hughes and Claude McKay, Countee Cullen and Arna Bontemps, Zora Neale Hurston. "New Negro" demanding civil and political rights. it may have contributed to a certain relaxation of racial attitudes among young whites, perhaps its greatest impact was to reinforce race pride among blacks.
Harlem Renaissance
the cultural explosion that took place between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period Harlem was a cultural center. Many had come from the South, fleeing its oppressive caste system in order to find a place where they could freely express their talents.
Harlem Renaissance
This author was a Romantic Transcendentalist influenced by Ralph Waldo Emerson's idea of self-reliance.
Henry David Thoreau
an American author, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, and historian. A leading transcendentalist, best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings
Henry David Thoreau
his essay Resistance to Civil Government --also known as Civil Disobedience--, an argument for disobedience to an unjust state.
Henry David Thoreau
Author Walden and Civil Disobedience
Henry David Thoreau - Trancedental Period
Author of the 1851 novel Moby Dick
Herman Melville
_____ fiction relies on realistic settings and characters from an earlier time to tell new stories.
Historical
________ refers to the time the author was writing, which students must be able to distinguish from the setting of the story itself.
Historical context
This literary theory focuses is on the social, economic, political, cultural, and intellectual climate of the time. It considers to what degree western literature is privileged and how other cultures are depicted by the author, and it examines issues of colonization and imperialism. rejects underrepresented peoples as others and honors the fact that people may exist in two cultures at the same time
Historical criticism/postcolonial
_____ fiction is intended to impact the reader via the experiences of fear, paranoia, or disgust.
Horror
Often, setting can seem inseparable from plot; therefore, a helpful question for beginning the discussion of setting is what?
How would this story change if it were set in a different time or place?
Appeals to emotion that builds rapport between the speaker and listener. In addition humor is one way in order to a writer can establish Ethos a persuasive appeals between the speaker and listener
Humor
Is an exaggerated claims or statement that's not meant to be taken literally and is used to make a point, such as "I have a ton of homework".
Hyperbole
Elements of text, caption, video or graphic that allow the reader to navigate to find additional information
Hyperlinks
A symbol or picture that provides a link or shortcut for users
Icons
Expressions that are not easily understood through the middle literal meaning of the words for example it's raining cats and dogs means it's raining heavily
Idiom
The topic sentence sentence is stated and then followed by details
Illustration
Modernism/postmodernism
In this literary view, critics celebrate literary forms that use fragmentation and do not long for the past. This view requires want to discover the ironies in the text and to honor both the classics and popular which look for a mix of genres and form to analyze why the author uses fragmentation
_____ pronouns simply replace nouns to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Indefinite
I must have vicious pets from the pound in my town.
Independent clause with two phrases
_____ verbs state facts, as in "My brother plays tennis."
Indicative
The teacher divides the class into two circles facing one another, an inside circle and an outside circle. Students discuss with the person facing them and after some time the teacher asked one circle to move right or left so the students can continue the discussion with a different partner
Inside circle/outside circle
In advertisement or speeches is a persuasive technique that includes superlative's comparatives and exaggerations
Intensity
_____ pronouns are pronouns that give emphasis to their antecedents, as in "I make tea myself."
Intensive
_____ have no grammatical attachment to a sentence itself other than to add expressions of emotion.
Interjections
_______ take place inside the main character's mind; he or she might be making a difficult decision, struggling with change, or sorting out priorities.
Internal conflicts
_____ pronouns begin questions.
Interrogative
A sentence that asks a question example is that my son Jimmy?
Interrogative sentence
Require no objects or complements. Example: an airplane flew overhead
Intransitive verbs
_____ literary theorists examine how the experiences of and relationships between characters are influenced by socioeconomic class.
Marxists
The _____ or _____ sonnet pattern, which has eight lines and is called an octave, that follow an a-b-b-a a-b-b-a rhyme scheme, followed by six lines called a seste that follow either a c-d-e c-d-e or a c-d c-d c-d rhyme scheme.
Italian or Petrarchan
Usually, the octave in an _____ or _____sonnet poses a question, describes a problem, or tells a story.
Italian or Petrarchan
Author of "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" in 1741, an appeal to sinners to recognize that they will be judged by God and that this judgment will be more fearful and painful than they can comprehend.
Johnathan Edwards- Colonial Period
Author of Gulliver's Travels, a 1726 novel satirising both human nature and the "travellers' tales" literary subgenre.
Jonathan Swift- The Restoration Period
Author of the 1900 novel Lord Jim, in which, after being discredited as a coward, a 19th century seaman lives only to redeem himself; and The Heart of Darkness, 1899 story of Marlow, an ivory transporter down the Congo, who is shocked by what the European traders have done to the natives.
Joseph Conrad- The Modern Era
Places normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases next to one another to create an effective or so of surprise or wit
Juxtaposition
Instructional reading strategy that is used to guide students through a text. Students begin by brainstorming everything they Know about a topic, what the Want to know, and what they Learned after the reading.
KWL
an appeal to time.
Kairos
Author of 1899's The Awakening, about that lady in New Orleans who walked into the ocean
Kate Chopin - Naturalism - 1880-1915
_____ competence refers to knowledge of the linguistic components of a language such as syntax, semantics, and so on.
Linguistic competence
The formal study of the structures and processes of language linguistics drive to describe language acquisition and language in general
Linguistics
_____ verbs join the subject to the subject complement: for example, The dog is cute.
Linking
Verbs that connect the subject and the subject complement, and add verb and adjective, noun or noun equivalent. Example it "was" raining
Linking or connecting verbs
Am, is, are, was, were, be, being, and been are examples of what kind of verbs?
Linking or helping
_____, or _____, is a mix of expressive and informative writing that tells a true, verifiable, or documented story in a compelling, artistic way.
Literary nonfiction or creative nonfiction
____________ is using a set of principles or a system of ideas to interpret literature from a unique angle.
Literary theory
The use of language and details that are common and specific regions of the country or geographical location. Mark twain and Henry James are two authors who used local color to capture the dialect expressions and routines of people from specific regions.
Local color
Writer describes a person, place, or thing and organizes the description in a logical manner
Location
3 Civil War Writers
Mary Chestnut, Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglass
William Wordsworth was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their joint publication _____.
Lyrical Ballads
An in-text citation in _____ format looks like the following: The popularity of fantasy opened up "other worlds" to readers: "He was a faun. And when he saw Lucy he gave such a start of surprise that he dropped all of his parcels" ( Lewis 114 ).
MLA
_________________ is a valuable active reading skill because it requires readers to be constantly aware of what is going on in the story and what the author is foreshadowing through his or her specific choices.
Making predictions
Exactly, efficiently, clearly, steadfastly
Manner adverbs
born same year as shakespeare 1564 but died at 29 (or did he?). Shakespeare referenced him often
Marlowe
According to _____ theory, life cannot be understood through abstract principles or ideals but can instead be understood only in terms of the concrete, actual conditions that people experience.
Marxist
_____ theory focuses on the economic systems that structure society and the ways human behavior is motivated by a desire for economic power.
Marxist
According to this theory, life cannot be understood through abstract principles or ideals but can instead be understood only in terms of the concrete, actual conditions that people experience.
Marxist theory
rules that govern that minutia of written English: such as punctuation, capitalization, and spelling.
Mechanics
_____ refers to the impact the media has on an audience's thinking and behavior.
Media influence
_____ —like newspaper and magazine articles, television or radio broadcasts, interviews, and photographs—can be considered primary source documents, because they record events and people's reactions to those events as they occur.
Media sources
Chaucer and Sir Thomas Mallory are part of this British Literary Period
Medieval Period - 1066-1485
A witty understatement that dismisses or diminishes someone or something
Meiosis
Eudora Welty, Tennessee Williams, and Margaret Mitchell are from this American Literary Period
Modern - 1910-1945
Flannery O'Connor, Katherine Porter, and Ezra Pound are from this American Literary Period
Modern - 1910-1945
Robert Frost and E.E. Cummings are from this American Literary Period
Modern - 1910-1945
Sinclair Lewis and Edith Wharton are from this American Literary Period
Modern - 1910-1945
Examples of works written in this era include Jack London's White Fang and the call the wild, frost's nothing gold can stay and the road not taken, and stopping by the woods on a snore snowy evening, James Daisy Miller, Washington Square, and parker's enough rope, death and taxes
Modern Period 1900-1945
Authors during this era were driven by a conscious desire to overturn traditional modes of representation and express the new sensibilities of their time. T.S. Elliot, Joyce, Woolf, Yeats, and Stein.
Modernist
This era has its origins in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in Europe and North America. characterized by a self-conscious break with traditional styles of poetry and verse. experimented with literary form and expression, adhering to Ezra Pound's maxim to "Make it new".
Modernist
Our words, clauses or phrases that limit or describe other words or groups of words.
Modifiers
The study of the structure of words
Morphology
Character types in this literary theory include the caregiver, trickster, hero/heroine/villain, or thin, jester etc. Actions in stories include the villains F efforts to create a situation in which the hero must come to the rescue, the hero is tested, the villain is defeated and the hero returns
Narratilogy/ archetypal criticism
Speech or written form that includes drama, stories, and folk lore
Narration discourse
fiction, they tell a story, have themes, have a beginning, middle and end, diaries, fables, myths and legends, plays, poetry
Narrative Texts
Unlike Thoreau, this author was a Romantic Anti-Transcendentalist: he recognized the human capacity for individuality but also its capacity for darkness, sin, and evil.
Nathanial Hawthorne
Author of the 1850 novel The Scarlet Letter
Nathaniel Hawthorne
2 Anti-Transcendental Writers
Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville
Jack London, Kate Chopin, and John Steinbeck are from this American Literary Period
Naturalism - 1880-1915
Marlow, Spenser, and Shakespeare are part of the British Renaissance Period, but which part?
Neoclassical Period
in this literary criticism, the text is viewed as existing independently and a close reading of the text reveals that meaning, background knowledge, and outside sources are not used when interpreting the text.
New criticism/structuralism
"Cædmon's Hymn", composed in the 7th century according to Bede, is often considered the oldest extant poem in _____.
Old English
_____ are often stated in descriptive, subjective language that is difficult to define or prove.
Opinions
_____ occurs when a writer tries to imbue his or her work with inappropriately and awkwardly ornate language or complex, technical terms.
Overwriting
a juxtaposition of seemingly contradictory words
Oxymoron
Requires students to listen to 45 classmates or guest speakers on a specific theme or topic.
Panel
a seemingly contradictory statement
Paradox
A verb form that usually ends with ING or ED. Operates as adjectives but also maintain some characteristics of verbs you might think of it as a verbal additive. Examples include barking dog and painted fence
Participle verbs
A grammatical subject of the verb is the recipient of the action denoted by the verb. Example: the basketball was shot by the player. I'm more effective or active voice, the player shot the basketball
Passive voice
_____ is rarely used and is most frequently seen -when used properly- in math and science where the subject has limited agency in the matter at hand.
Passive voice
What is the verb tense of "I had been studying"
Past Perfect Progressive Tense
What is the verb tense of "I was studying"
Past Progressive Tense First Person Singular
What is the verb tense of "I studied"
Past Tense
Is used to express action that began and happened prior to another party action,
Past perfect tense verbs
Are used to describe what has happened in the past. Example: they attended Wakefield elementary school
Past tense verbs
Recurring elements in a text that form a design.
Patterns
one of the major English Romantic poets, and is regarded by some critics as amongst the finest lyric poets in the English language. best known for such classic poems as Ozymandias, Ode to the West Wind, To a Skylark, Music, When Soft Voices Die, The Cloud, Queen Mab, and The Masque of Anarchy.
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Used when a Acton began in the past but continues in the future.
Perfect present tense verbs
Is used at the end of the sentence, after initial or abbreviation, or as a decimal point.
Period
_____ pronouns act as subjects or objects in a sentence. For example, She received a letter; or I gave the letter to her.
Personal
In this type of writing Students can express their inner-most thoughts, feelings and responses through journal writing, autobiographies, diaries, reflective essay's, logs, blogs, personal narratives and personal essays
Personal writing
In this type of writing, Students can express their inner an inter-most thoughts, feelings and responses through variety of personal writing, including journal writing, autobiographies, diaries, reflective essay's, logs, blogs, personal narratives and personal essays
Personal writing
Author tries to convince the reader of something, takes a stand and makes claims, call to action- ads and commercials, debates, movie critiques.
Persuasive Texts
The first and most common sonnet is the _____ or _____ sonnet.
Petrarchan, or Italian
The study of the sounds of language and the physical properties
Phonetics
The analysis of how sounds function in a language or dialect
Phonology
Each other, one another
Phrasal pronouns
Are groups of related words that operate as a single part of speech, such as a verb, verbal, preposition, a positive or absolute phrases for example in the doghouse is a prepositional phrase
Phrases
The way the author arranges the events of a narrative.
Plot structure
Example books, libraries, children, bacteria, and men
Plural nouns
_____ is imaginative, expressive verse writing characterized by rhythm, unified and concentrated thought, concrete images, specialized language, and use of patterns.
Poetry
Identifies the perspective from which the pieces with first person certain person I'm limited on the camera view
Point of view
The perspective from which the action in a story is told.
Point of view
words that have been melted together such as a Ebonics -ebony and phonics
Port Maniteau
A _____ is a compilation of students writing work for evaluation.
Portfolio
Show was possession or ownership
Possessive case nouns
Authors of this era are highly skeptical of explanations which claim to be valid for all groups, cultures, traditions, or races, and instead focuses on the relative truths of each person. This literary era includes Intertextuality, Metafiction, Pastiche. Beckett, Vonnegut, Palahniuk.
Postmodernism
This literary era was a reaction to the assumed certainty of scientific, or objective, efforts to explain reality. In essence, it stems from a recognition that reality is not simply mirrored in human understanding of it, but rather, is constructed as the mind tries to understand its own particular and personal reality.
Postmodernism
The role of context in interpreting meaning
Pragmatics
Use of positive messages to recognize or influence others
Praise
Examples from this era include; Dante Gabriel Rossetti's the house of life, Christina Rossetti's the goblin market
Pre-Raphaelite 1848-1680
this stage of the writing process involves gathering and selecting ideas
Pre-writing
Stages of the writing process
Pre-writing, drafting, revising, editing, publishing, evaluating
"on the wharf" is an example of a _____ phrase
Prepositional phrase
_____ set up relationships in time --as in "after the party"-- or space --as in "under the cushions"-- within a sentence.
Prepositions
A group of American writers including Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac This generation was known for its nonconformity, experimentation with drugs, interested in eastern religions and the rejection of materialism
Present Contemporary Period - the beat generation 1950s
What is the verb tense of "I have studied."
Present Perfect Tense
What is the verb tense of "I am studying."
Present Progressive Tense
What is the verb tense of "I study."
Present Tense
Works written in the period include Arthur Miller's the crucible, and the death of the salesman; Morrison's beloved; Salinger's the catcher in the rye; Updikes rabbit, run; Sylvia Plath the bell jar and Vidals London
Present contemporary Period 1945 - current
Are used to describe situations that exist in the present time. Example I live in Orem Utah
Present tense verbs
Requires students to inform, demonstrate, explain or persuade an audience.
Presentation
________ involves taking time to identify the author, the genre, and the general subject matter of the work, as well as reading headings and chapter titles, examining related graphics, researching the author and the context of the work, and anticipating the author's purpose.
Previewing a text
_____ is an organizational structure that begins with examining the details of something and concludes by offering a possible solution to the issue.
Problem-solution
a rhetorical device in which the speaker raises an objection to their own argument and then immediately answers it. By doing so, they hope to strengthen their argument by dealing with possible counter-arguments before their audience can raise them.
Procatalepsis
_____ writing involves instructing students in the use of a clear process for writing and in the use of techniques and strategies for completing each part of the process.
Process
_____ replace nouns in a sentence or paragraph, allowing a writer to achieve a smooth flow throughout a text by avoiding unnecessary repetition.
Pronouns
They particular people, places things proper nouns are capitalized. Example: President Bush, Chicago, Mormonism
Proper nouns
The study of language as it relates to psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to learn language
Psycho linguistics
in this literary criticism, text is viewed as an expression of feelings, thoughts, and desires of the author. Examine the text for imagery or symbols of repression or expression; consider the psychological theories exhibited by the characters such as denial, guilt, morality, sexuality, obsessive-compulsive, sociopathic, etc.
Psychoanalytic criticism
This is the going public stage of writing.
Publishing
The setting of Nathaniel Hawthorne's the Scarlet letter takes place during this period
Puritan period 1625-1660
To determine _____, ask What is the motivation for the source - promotional, educational, entertainment?
Purpose
_____ theory investigates texts by asking questions about both gender and sexuality.
Queer
Is use a direct or in direct question and you show uncertainty
Question Mark
Are used as a rhetorical device to establish the writer or orator as a knowledgeable person. This is an appeal to the mind also known as logos
Quotations
his essay Nature is usually considered the moment at which transcendentalism became a major cultural movement.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Author of Self-Reliance and The American Scholar
Ralph Waldo Emerson - Transcendental Period
Centered on the idea that as readers read, they experience a transaction with the text. In the process of constructing meaning, the reader's responses blend with the author's intended meanings so that the reader ends up participating in the creative process.
Reader-response theory
This literary theory states that there is no single correct interpretation of a text and all are valid so long as they are grounded in textual evidence.
Reader-response theory
William Dean Howells and Mark Twain are from this American Literary Period
Realism - 1855 - 1900
_____ fiction includes stories that are meant to be relatable for readers.
Realistic
_____ strategies help students determine what they believe to be true or false, correct or incorrect.
Reasoning strategies
Taking place during the American Civil War, the story is about a young private of the Union Army, Henry Fleming, who flees from the field of battle. Overcome with shame, he longs for a wound, a "red badge of courage," to counteract his cowardice. When his regiment once again faces the enemy, Henry acts as standard-bearer.
Red Badge of Courage
May either be a logical fallacy or a literary device that leads the audience or reader toward faults conclusion
Red Herring
Dictionaries, encyclopedias, writers reference handbooks, books of the list, almanacs, the sources, books of quotation and so on
Reference materials
_____ pronouns intensify a noun or reflect back upon a noun. For example, I myself made the dessert, or I made the dessert myself.
Reflexive/intensive
This linguistic term is for word expressions or pronunciations preferred by people in a particular geographical area. for example, y'all vs you all
Regionalism
Willa Cather and William Faulkner are from this American Literary Period
Regionalism - 1865-1920
_____ pronouns begin dependent clauses. For example, "Charlie, who made the clocks, works in the basement," where "who" is the pronoun.
Relative
when, where, why, how are _____ adverbs
Relative Adverbs
To determine _____, ask Does the stores appear to be credible? Do most of the websites links work? Do you think that this source will still be available in the future, based on your review of the authority and courtesy of the source?
Reliability
Examples in this time range include; Milton's Paradise lost, and Herbert's the temple
Renaissance Period - Carolina age 1625-1659
Examples in this time range include: Shakespeare's the Tempest, oh fellow, king Lear, Hamlet, McBeth and his sonnets; John Dunn's songs sonnets and elegies; Bacons reports and Johnson's Volpp own and the fox
Renaissance Period - Jacobean 16 03-1625
Examples in this time range: Miltons the tenure of Kings and mastered magistrates, Hutchinson's memoirs of the life of Colonel John Hutchinson
Renaissance Period-commonwealth period 1649-1660
Examples of this time range include; Shakespeare's 12th night, much ado about nothing, and Richard the third, Marlowes Dr. Faust and the Jewett Malta, and spencers the Faerie Queene
Renaissance Preiod - Elizabeth age - 1558-1603
Of language, words, sounds or images, used with in a speech or advertisement to advance the point and make it memorable
Repetition
This stage of writing process involves re-writing. The student ensures the reader is able to understand the writing and emphasis is placed on examining sentence structure, word choice, voice, and organization of the peace
Revising
Is a question that is posed but is not intended to be answered. Instead, the purpose is to affirm or deny a point strongly
Rhetorical questioning
The arrangement of rhyming words in a stanza or poem.
Rhyme scheme
The drumbeat or heartbeat of a poem
Rhythym
Author of Black Boy, a 1945 memoir detailing his upbringing. This author describes his youth in the South: Mississippi, Arkansas and Tennessee, and his eventual move to Chicago, where he establishes his writing career and becomes involved with the Communist Party.
Richard Wright- The Modern Period
French for novel with a key, is a novel about real life, overlaid with a façade of fiction. The fictitious names in the novel represent real people, and the "key" is the relationship between the nonfiction and the fiction.
Roman a clef
Frankenstein was written during the _____ period
Romantic
Percy Shelley, Samuel Coleridge Taylor, and Mary Shelley are part of this British Literary Period
Romantic Period - 1785-1830
William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Lord Byron are part of this British Literary Period
Romantic Period - 1785-1830
Major authors during this period include; Keats, Byron Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley John Blake. Don Juan, pride and prejudice songs of the innocents and songs of experience, the vindication of the rights of women, the rhyme of the ancient mariner, she walks in beauty, when we to parted, go to a Grecian urn.
Romantic period 1785-1832
During this American literary period, writers placed an emphasis on the power of imagination, the celebration of individualism, and a love of nature in an effort to break away from British literary tradition.
Romantic/Transcendental Period 1800-1865
Height of this movement occurred in the first half of the 19th century. It gained momentum from the French revolution, against the standards of the aristocracy. Also a part of the center enlightenment, a reaction of the backlash against the Enlightenment insistence on rationalism. Championed hero, artists, freedom of expression, and the exotic.
Romanticism
_____ are assessment tools that teachers use to objectively assign scores to projects or assignments whose merits are difficult to quantify, especially writing assignments.
Rubrics
Find something or someone to blame for current issues or problems
Scapegoating
This type of writing includes essays, research papers and biographies
Scholarly writing
this type of writing includes essays, research papers and biographies
Scholarly writing
_____ is a category of fiction in which writers tell imaginative stories that are grounded in scientific and technological theories or realities.
Science fiction
Experts that offer advice and evidence to convince the target audience that there is proof to support using the product or point being made. The expert will often use charts or graphs and wear a lab coat to appealto our trust in scientist and science
Scientific experts
A type of figurative language that directly points to similarities between two things.
Simile
I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who, what
Simple pronouns
A sentence that can have a single subject or compound subject and a single predicate or a compound predicate. It may contain one or more phrases. The distinguishing factor is that a simple sentence has only one independent clause and has no dependent clauses
Simple sentence
My dog growls.
Single subject, single predicate
Example a book the library a child bacteria mom man
Singular noun
This author introduced the Petrarchan sonnet to England in the early sixteenth century.
Sir Thomas Wyatt
_____ irony occurs when something happens that contradicts what the audience expected to happen.
Situational
_____ competence means using the language in a socially appropriate way
Sociolinguistic competence
The study of language as it relates to society, including race, class, gender and age.
Sociolinguistics
_____ is the study of language and its relation to society and culture.
Sociolinguistics
This discussion structure shifts the center of the conversation from the teacher to the students. Students sit in a whole group circle and talk calmly on a topic. The teacher does not speak but asks thought-provoking questions at the beginning and end
Socratic seminar
a discussion format in which a leader (the teacher or a student, depending on the classroom culture) prompts discussion solely by asking questions and allowing the class to share and then respond to and build upon one another's ideas.
Socratic seminar
Author of the 1851 speech "Ain't I a Woman"
Sojourner Truth- The Romantic Period
_____ sequence is employed when a writer organizes information according to its position in space.
Spatial
Are supported by i institutions, such as government schools in example stare Dylex included standard American English standard Indian English and standard British English
Standard Dialects
A group of lines followed by a space.
Stanza
Author of The Red Badge of Courage, an 1895 novel Taking place during the American Civil War, and about a young private of the Union Army, Henry Fleming, who flees from the field of battle.
Stephen Crane
an American author. Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism and Impressionism. He is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation. Red Badge of Courage
Stephen Crane
_____ competence is the ability to recognize and repair instances of "communication breakdown" by strategic planning and/or redirecting.
Strategic competence
Is a common technique in argument in which the speaker or writer gives the impression of arguing against the opponent's position, while actually refuting an argument that is not suggested by the opponent opponent
Strawman
_____ should be used throughout the study of a text and in the post-reading process in order to gauge how well students understood the basic ideas of the work.
Summaries
_____ assessments are those assignments (tests and exams) that are most commonly thought of as assessments—tasks that are intended to assess a student's overall mastery of a long-term objective.
Summative
_____ (/ x) meter is stressed unstressed, as in bigger
TROCHAIC
_____ language is language related to a specific field of study, from computer technology to mechanics to engineering.
Technical
non-fiction, gives information, contains steps, no humor, specific terminology- brochures, classified ads, recipes, directions.
Technical Texts
3 playwrights from The Modern Period
Tennessee Williams, August Wilson, Eugene O'Neill
Are used in the media or in speeches to persuade us about the value or quality of the product or idea. The people sharing these are sometimes scientific experts, celebrities, or just plain books. The key to this technique success is the authenticity of the person sharing.
Testimonials
check means i know this X means not what i expected * means important ? means question ?? means really confused ! means surprised rr means reread
Text Coding
Gothic novels from were written in the Age of _____
The Age of Sensibility
This American literary period sought to portray American life as it truly was and emphasized verisimilitude or likeness to life.
The Realistic Period 1855-1910
The Elizabethan Period and the Neoclassical Period were part of this British Literary Period
The Renaissance Period
Samuel Pepys, Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson, and Jonathan Swift are part of this British Literary Period
The Restoration Period - 1660-1798
The Age of Sensibility, The Enlightenment, and the Metaphysical Poets are part of this British Literary Period
The Restoration Period - 1660-1798
Edgar Allen Poe and James Fenimore Cooper are from this American Literary Period
The Romantic Period - 1800-1865
Emily Dickinson, Nathaniel Hawthorn, and Herman Melville are from this American Literary Period
The Romantic Period - 1800-1865
Sojourner Truth and Washington Irving are from this American Literary Period
The Romantic Period - 1800-1865
John Donne, Ben Johnson, and John Milton are part of this British Literary Period
The Elizabethan Period
Francis Bacon, John Locke, and Jean Jacques Rosseau are part of this British Literary Period
The Enlightenment Restoration - 1660-1798
A clash in the 18th century between those who wanted reason and objectivity (E) and those who wanted to feel things and value emotion and imagination (R)
The Enlightenment vs Romanticism
_____ is one of the final poems written in Old English and presents a transitional text between Old and Middle English.
The Grave
Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway, T.S. Eliot, and F, Scott Fitzgerald are from this American Literary Period
The Lost Generation - 1920-1950
Nikki Giovanni, E.E. Cummings, Flannery O'Connor, Alice Walker, Amy Tan are all authors from this literary period.
The Modern Period
Robert Frost was a poet during this literary period
The Modern Period
William Hill Brown's 1789 _____ is considered the first American novel
The Power of Sympathy
Published in 1789, _____ is a classic American novel by William Hill Brown. Written in epistolary form --meaning the story unfolds through a series of written letters--, the tale follows an ill-fated relationship between two lovers and illustrates the dangers of giving in to passion. It's considered to be the first American novel, and, in order to divert Puritan concern about the novel's seedy topics of sex and incest, Brown promoted it as a morality tale.
The Power of Sympathy: the Triumph of nature
During this British literary period, the printing press was invented, and the growing middle class enjoyed the benefits of mass printing in the form of novels and magazines.
The Victorian Period 1832-1900
Elegies were popular during this British literary period.
The Victorian Period 1832-1900
This British literary period was a time of social, religious, and economic turmoil.
The Victorian Period 1832-1900
Is a misrepresentation of facts or Gross distortion used as a propaganda technique by an official body or a politician
The big Lie
A group of poets who wrote in the 1950s including Sylvia Plath, Robert Lowell, and Anne Sexton
confessional school 1950s - resent Contemporary Period
Examples in this time range include: Dryden's the conquest of Granada Alexander feast, Popes the rape of a walk, bunion pilgrims progress and John Locke's two treaties of government
The restoration and the 18th century - 1660-1785
A key difference between language and dialect is that language is made up several languages and dialect can different can be difficult to distinguish and are often differentiated with respect to status or power
The role at nature of language, dialects and diction
And expression or phrase that emphasizes an idea by describing it in restrained terms. Example mortally wounded - just a scratch
Understatement
Is a figure of speech used to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is, which is often has and Ironic effect
Understatement
Author of Return of the Native, an 1878 novel set on Egdon Heath, England. Clym Yeobright has returned to the area to become a schoolmaster after a career as a jeweler in Paris. He and his cousin Thomasin are traditional, while Thomasin's husband and Clym's wife long for the excitement of city life.
Thomas Hardy- The Victorian Period
Author of 1776's Common Sense, which challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. The plain language that Paine used spoke to the common people of America and was the first work to
Thomas Paine - Age of Revolution 1750 - 1815
Author of Common Sense and other essays
Thomas Paine- The Age of Revolution
Tomorrow, monthly, momentarily, presently
Time adverbs
Is the overall feeling created in a piece of writing or speech. The tone of the piece can be humorous, satirical, serious, or Morose
Tone
Among the core beliefs of this literary movement was the inherent goodness of both people and nature. They believe that society and its institutions ultimately corrupt the purity of the individual. They have faith that people are at their best when truly "self-reliant" and independent. It is only from such real individuals that true community could be formed.
Transcendentalism
a religious and philosophical movement that developed during the late 1820s and '30s in the Eastern region of the United States as a protest against the general state of spirituality and, in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of the Unitarian church as taught at Harvard Divinity School.
Transcendentalism
Walt Whitman, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau are from this American Literary Period
Transcendentalism - 1830-1865
_____ verbs take an object.
Transitive
Verbs that require direct objects - word or words groups that complete the meaning of a verb by naming a receiver of the action.
Transitive verb
an Internet address.
URL or Uniform resource locator
_____ guide writers and speakers more broadly in the area of word choice to ensure accuracy and agreement within a sentence.
Usage conventions
_____ irony is used when a character or narrator says something that is the opposite of what he or she means.
Verbal
A Tale of Two Cities was written during the _____ period.
Victorian
Alfred Tennyson, Robert Browning, and Elizabeth Browning
Victorian Period - 1832-1900
Rudyard Kipling, Charles Dickens, and Thomas Hardy are part of this British Literary Period
Victorian Period - 1832-1900
Authors and works from this period include; Tennyson, Dickens great expectations, and the Pickwick papers, Robert Browning's men and women, Elizabeth Barrett Browning's Orly and the sonnets from the Portuguese, Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre Emily Brontës weathering Heights, Elliotts the mill on the floss and Middlemarch, Carroll's Alice in Wonderland, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde the importance of being Earnest, the picture of Dorian Gray
Victorian age 1830-1901
1837-1901, this era overlaps with the industrial revolution. Darwin Theory of evolution. Lots of novels. tends to be idealized portraits of difficult lives in which hard work, perseverance, love, and luck win out in the end; virtue would be rewarded and wrongdoers are suitably punished. While this formula was the basis for much of earlier this era's fiction, the situation became more complex as the century progressed.
Victorian era
During this literary era, there was a struggle to conquer the flaws of human beings with great virtues. It was a principle that those who struggle to attain morality would most probably achieve positive results in the end if not tortured by natural circumstances or evil vices. Dickens, Browning, Thackeray, Bronte, Austen, George Eliot, Alfred, Lord Tennyson,
Victorian era
3 Story writers from the British Modern Era
Virginia Woolf, Katherine Mansfield, and Doris Lessing
_______ can attract, focus, and hold the attention of the reader and can help the reader develop a clearer understanding of the author's message.
Visual aids
_____ is the use of visual images to influence the thinking and choices of viewers.
Visual persuasion
Examples of this time range: The interesting narrative of the life of old Madame equine, Voltair's Candide, Jonathan Swift Gullivers travels, that shows the narrow road of the interior
WLT - 16 50-1800
Examples of this time range include Russo's confession go to Faust Hugos oats and ballads Tolstoy award peace and Anna Karenina
WLT - 19th century
Examples of this time range include; things fall apart, 100 years of solitude, North, the god of small things, Dubliners, the metamorphosis, diary of a mad man, the ghost sonata,
WLT - 20th century
A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse. His work was very controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality.
Walt Whitman
Author of the 1855 poem "Song of Myself" and the 1865 poem "Oh Captain! My Captain!"
Walt Whitman
Is a technique that appeals to emotions and uses sentimental images or pleasant words and boys to evoke feelings of comfort
Warm and fuzzy
Author of "The Devil and Tom Walker" an 1824 short story akin to Marlowe's Faust
Washington Irving- The Romantic Period
The rhyme scheme of the English or Shakespearean sonnet is ________________.
a-b-a-b c-d-c-d e-f-e-f g-g
The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet pattern, which has eight lines called an octave that follow an _____ rhyme scheme, followed by six lines called a seste that follow either a c-d-e c-d-e or a c-d c-d c-d rhyme scheme.
a-b-b-a a-b-b-a
The _____ phrase usually follows a very simple pattern—noun plus participle—in which a participle follows the noun that it modifies. For Example: "Her eyes closing, Sandra laid her head down on the pillow.," where the _____ phrase is "her eyes closing."
absolute phrase
Love, intelligence, and sadness are examples of _____nouns.
abstract nouns
Effective teachers may begin a context-based lesson by first having students __________________, revisiting any previous English or history lessons that might contribute to their understanding of the text.
activate prior knowledge
A logical fallacy of relevance where someone rejects or criticizes another person's view on the basis of personal characteristics or other features irrelevant to the argument at issue. It's an insult used as if it were an argument or evidence in support of a conclusion.
ad hominem
In the sentence "The student packed the special albums to sort later on," the infinitive phrase "to sort" is acting as a _____, modifying the word "albums."
adjective
_____ clauses play a describing or modifying role by following—and providing more information about—a noun or pronoun in the sentence. For example, "My dad, who built clocks, came from Sweden" where the _____ clause "who built clocks" is modifying the noun "dad."
adjective
good is always a _____
adjective
A, an, and the are always limiting _____.
adjectives
A preposition acts as an _____ when it provides more information about a verb: For example, Several days ago, we took the turkey bones outside because of the smelly garbage. Here, the preposition explains where the bones were taken.
adverb
An absolute phrase modifies the entire clause to which it is attached, so the phrase acts as a _____, usually answering the question under what conditions? For example, "We sprinted enthusiastically through the finish line, our goal accomplished" where the absolute phrase is "our goals accomplished."
adverb
If a word that usually acts as a preposition is standing alone in a sentence, the word is likely functioning as a _____ --as in "She hid underneath."
adverb
In the sentence, "To enjoy the multi-berry pie in the evening, she refused dessert at noon," the infinitive phrase "to enjoy" is acting as a _____, modifying the word "refused."
adverb
The following is a list of words that commonly begin _____ clauses: after, although, as, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order that, once, provided that, since, so, so that, than, that, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever
adverb
well is always a _____ except in cases of health.
adverb
Dependent clauses can be grouped by type: _____, _____, and _____.
adverb, noun, and adjective
prefixes and suffixes types of _____
affixes
After a written argument begins with a proposition, thesis, or assertion, a set of _____ may then be established.
assumptions
In all cases, students should be aware that writers of informative texts have a heightened awareness of their _____, as this awareness allows them to shape their writing to be most effective for their intended purposes.
audience
The principles that guide rhetorical practice rely heavily on a writer's understanding of his or her _____.
audience
Teachers must model and provide explicit instruction about how to access the more complex ideas in a text. This involves instructing students in how to identify, analyze, and evaluate the author's broad and narrow choices, often referred to collectively as _____.
author's craft
The _____ is a guiding question in successful English classrooms, where the study of nonfiction is dedicated, at least in part, to helping students recognize and understand bias in literature.
author's purpose
Students should be encouraged to seek deeper meanings in a text by paying careful attention to the author's choices and by incorporating their own knowledge in order to draw inferences about the _____ and _____.
author's purpose and theme
An account of an individual's life, told by the individual him- or herself.
autobiography
A short narrative song about an event that is considered important.
ballad
Historically and currently used in songs and poems. popular in 14th century france. often rhymed and metered and cover subjects like love, death, murder, or religious topics.
ballad
short narrative song about an event that is considered important
ballad
_____, _____, and _____ true linking verbs are always linking verbs.
become, seem, and and form or tense of "be"
Phrases have general groupings usually depending on the word that _____
begins the phrase
In semiotics, a sign system is a set of _____ or _____ which are analyzed as if they are symbols that represent ideas.
behaviors or things
among is used for a group of more than two people; , while _____ is reserved to distinguish two people or groups.
between
The author's purpose is a guiding question in successful English classrooms, where the study of nonfiction is dedicated, at least in part, to helping students recognize and understand _____ in literature.
bias
An education novel: also used to describe apprenticeship. coming of age stories. Examples include David Copeprfield, catcher in the rye, and lord of the flies
bildungsroman
A detailed, creative textual representation of a person's life.
biography
Many English dramas, including Shakespeare's plays and Milton's Paradise Lost are written in _____.
blank verse
poetry that is written in iambic pentameter and is unrhymed
blank verse
Writing strategy wherein writers list ideas related to a specific topic
brainstorming
How can teachers encourage meta-cognition?
by having their students record personal responses to a text in a journal
Like argumentation, writers who write to _____ also attempt to convince the reader to act or think a certain way.
persuade
The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet pattern, which has eight lines called an octave that follow an a-b-b-a a-b-b-a rhyme scheme, followed by six lines called a seste that follow either a _____ or _____rhyme scheme.
c-d-e c-d-e or c-d c-d c-d
In studying plot, students should be encouraged to focus on _____ relationships between events in the story and on the conflict and its resolution.
cause and effect
In studying plot, students should focus on _____________ relationships in order to understand why the events unfold as they do.
cause and effect
In a conventional plot structure, the story is structured around a ______
central conflict.
The process an author uses to create characters that are complex and, to some degree, believable.
character development
how a resource is used effectively without overwhelming the writer's own voice and ideas.
source integration
Generally, the literature of Great Britain reflects changes in culture and thinking over time and is, therefore, usually studied _____.
chronologically
American literature is usually studied _____ or _____.
chronologically or thematically
A stanza with five lines.
cinquain
a syntactic construction containing a subject and predicate and forming part of a sentence or constituting a whole simple sentence.
clause
All _____ contain both a subject and a verb, even if the subject is implied.
clauses
As a story progresses, the conflict becomes more complicated and tension increases, moving the story toward a _____ or turning point, in which the conflict reaches a crisis point.
climax
In order to equip students to engage with texts critically and meaningfully, teachers must place emphasis on the _____ and _____ skills that make this kind of authentic inquiry possible.
close reading and text analysis
In conjunction with analyzing poems, students should have opportunity to present their original poetry in classroom _________.
coffee houses
writing strategy wherein writers consult with others during the writing process
collaborative
Is used after a statement that introduces an example, a series, or an explanation
colon
The _____ is used to show a relationship between two clauses and, moreover, to highlight the information contained in the second clause—usually a list, definition, or clarification.
colon
While the clause preceding a _____ must be an independent clause, the clause that follows doesn't have to be.
colon
A _____ occurs when two independent clauses are joined together in a paragraph with only a comma
comma splice (comma fault)
One type of information that does not need to be cited is _____.
common knowledge
Chair, car, and house are examples of _____ nouns.
common nouns
T do this, descriptive and prescriptive grammar usage in tandem will communicate both professionalism and sensitivity to the intended audiences.
communicate to a broad audience
The _____ sentence will have only one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
complex
has at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause.
complex sentence
The _____ sentence will have two or more independent clauses and no dependent clauses.
compound
Brother-in-law and rollercoaster are examples of _____ nouns.
compound nouns
According to, as of, as well as, and aside from are all examples of _____.
compound prepositions
consists of two or more independent clauses
compound sentence
The _____ sentence will have two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent.
compound-complex
Students who struggle with _____ may leave out important ideas or leave in unnecessary information in their summaries.
comprehension
A kind of metaphor that compares two very unlike things in a surprising and clever way and often dominate an entire passage or poem.
conceit
The quatrains in an English or Shakespearean sonnet present variations on a single theme, and the couplet is a _____.
concluding remark
A _____ leaves the reader with a sense of closure by reiterating the author's thesis and sometimes even providing a summary of his or her main points.
conclusion
Paper clip, bread, and person are examples of _____ nouns.
concrete nouns
When using the semi-colon with a _____ to join two independent clauses, the pattern is as follows: independent clause, semi-colon, comma, independent clause. Example: She may not have to take the course this year; however, she eventually will have to sign up for that specific course.
conjunctive adverb
The _____ of a word can be positive or negative, based on the emotional associations of the word.
connotation
The _____ of a word is its suggested or implied meaning.
connotation
the suggested or implied meaning of a word
connotation
repetition of the same consonant sound at the end of a stressed syllable, but following different vowel sounds, in words that are fairly close together. This creates a lyrical effect.
consonance
a theory that states as readers become involved with a text, they construct meaning through an active process of integrating what they are reading with their own reactions, knowledge, beliefs, and ideas
constructivism
how the social and cultural backgrounds of readers influence how they understand and experience a text
constructivism places emphasis on:
Effective teachers frame the study of a literary work with information about its _____.
context
This term refers to both the historical and cultural time a text was written
context
What is the verb tense of "I will be giving her a gift at dinner."
continuous future
What is the verb tense of "I was giving her a gift when you got here."
continuous past
What is the verb tense of "I am giving her a gift" or "come in!"
continuous present
The present _____ verb tense is formed by the simple present-tense form of "to be" followed by the -ing verb form, often called a present participle
continuous/progressive
In a _____ plot structure, the story is structured around a central conflict, a struggle between two opposing forces.
conventional
And, but, or, for, nor, yet, and so are examples of _____ conjunctions.
coordinating conjunctions
Whether/or, either/or, neither/nor, both/and, not only/but, and also) are examples of _____ conjunctions.
correlative conjunctions
Dollars and cubes are examples of _____ nouns.
countable nouns
the rhyming last two lines in a sonnet
couplet
To make sure a source is _____ check for evidence of bias, conflict of interest or other agendas, , accuracy, and if your source peer-reviewed or aided by others?
credible
By asking students to analyze the author's purpose using specific details, effective teachers push students to make connections, read closely, and improve their critical _____ and _____ skills.
critical reading and thinking skills.
At the high school level, the goal of reading instruction is to equip students to engage with texts both _____ and _____.
critically and meaningfully
When considering setting, students should identify the time and place where the story occurs as well as the _____ and _____ of the society that is being represented.
cultural and social norms
This term refers to the literary, artistic, and musical movements that were going on at the time a work was written
cultural context
It is important to note a website's _____ such as dot EDU, dot COM, dot net and dot org to check the reliability and accuracy of information
domain extension
Expressive writing that tells a story to an audience through the actions and dialogue of characters, which are brought to life by actors who play the roles onstage.
drama
Originally developed from religious ritual. Mystery plays were written in verse, by the renaissance playwrights mixed in prose, rhymed verse, and blank verse.
drama
To engage students in writing activities when studying _____, a teacher may have students write their own scripts or write a research reports on the play's context, author, characters, or subject matter.
drama
This type of comedy is farce, romantic, or satirical/black
dramatic comedy
Ballads are characterized by a ________, focusing on one crucial situation or action that often leads to a catastrophe.
dramatic immediacy
Readers do this when they use their own knowledge in combination with details from the text to understand the meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or passage.
draw inferences
A subcategory of science fiction is _______, in which authors explore social, cultural, and political structures in the context of a futuristic world.
dystopian fiction
American literature is usually studied chronologically or thematically, beginning with texts from the _____.
early colonists
Marxist theory focuses on the economic systems that structure society and the ways human behavior is motivated by a desire for _______.
economic power
The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet pattern, which has _____ lines called an octave that follow an a-b-b-a a-b-b-a rhyme scheme, followed by six lines called a seste that follow either a c-d-e c-de- or a c-d c-d c-d rhyme scheme.
eight
Use a _____ to indicate an abrupt break in a sentence and emphasize the words within
em dash
Use a _____ to indicate a range of dates
en dash
long poem recounting heroic deeds, using very stylized language
epic poem
A pithy saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way.
epigram
A rhetorical device that is the repetition of words at the end of sentences.
epiphora
written and read as letters
epistolary
Novel written in the form of letter written by their characters. Richardson was best known with his novels pamela and clarissa
epistolary novel
A short work about a particular topic or idea.
essay
a short piece of writing on a particular subject
essay
In rhetoric, arguments are supported using logos--or logical appeals, pathos--or emotional appeals, and _____ --or ethical appeals.
ethos
ethical appeals
ethos
Students must be able to _____, _____, and _____ being used in a given piece of informative writing.
evaluate evidence, identify errors in reasoning, and recognize rhetoric
Students must learn how to evaluate arguments based on the _____ and _____ made in support of those arguments.
evidence and claims
While students may be tempted to reflect only on their own experiences of a text, an effective teacher will push them to constantly return to that text for ______________.
evidence to support their claims
clear, detailed and exact
explicit language
Short stories intended to teach moral lessons.
fables
Indicative verbs state _____, as in "My brother plays tennis."
facts
Stories that involve magical creatures such as elves and fairies.
fairy tales
The meter of a poem is often named by the type and number of _____ in one line of the poem.
feet
The unique aspect of the pronoun as a part of speech is that the list of pronouns is _____: while there are innumerable nouns in the English language, the list of pronouns is rather limited in contrast.
finite
A group of pellets from Boston including Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Albright Wendell Holmes, and others. Their poems were often read by the fireside for family entertainment and were memorized by students at school
fireside poets - 19th century - American Renaissance period
subjective singular: I objective singular: me possessive case: my, mine subjective plural: we objective plural: us possessive plural: our and ours
first person pronouns
A villanelle poem is usually nineteen lines long; it has _____ stanzas, each with three lines, and a final stanza of four lines.
five
Though the language of _______ is plain, usually without descriptive and figurative qualities, the emotional effect of the forceful language is nevertheless impactful.
folk ballads
These are represented in a variety of ways example bold, italics, color, highlighted, under light for a purpose such as to call attention or distinguish chapter titles headings subheadings an important terms
fonts
Each unit of a meter, called a _____, has stressed and unstressed syllables.
foot
Authors use _____ to hint at the events that are going to unfold in a story.
foreshadowing
In general, all assessments fall into one of these 2 categories:
formative or summative
A villanelle poem is usually nineteen lines long; it has five stanzas, each with three lines, and a final stanza of _____ lines.
four
The English or Shakespearean sonnet pattern has three groups of _____ lines called quatrains ending with a rhyming couplet.
four
poetry without patters of rhyme or regular meter
free verse
writing strategy wherein writers write non-stop for a designated period of time about anything that comes to mind
freewriting
A third person narrator that is _____ is able to see into the minds of the characters and share what they are thinking and feeling.
fully omniscient
Feminists maintain that as students are confronted by feminist criticism, they will begin to recognize biases in their own thinking and in popular culture, making them more equipped to evaluate and challenge traditional _______.
gender roles
Literature can be classified into _____ and _____, categories of works that are similar in format, content, tone, or length.
genres and subgenres
The _____ phrase is one type of verbal phrase, a phrase that begins with a word that would normally act as a verb but is instead filling another role within the sentence.
gerund
a verb ending in -ing and acting as a noun
gerund
In the sentence, "She remembers enjoying the sounds of the loons on the Maine lake," the phrase "enjoying the sounds" is a _____ phrase.
gerund phrase. Here, the gerund phrase is acting as the direct object of the verb "remembers."
In the sentence "Writing numerous Christmas cards occupies her aunt's time each year," the phrase "Writing numerous Christmas cards" is an example of a _____ phrase
gerund phrase. Here, the gerund phrase is acting as the subject of the verb "occupies."
A literary movement that began in 1764 that was an offset of the Romanticist movement. Themes include creepy locale, crazy and evil villains, damsels, unique heroes, hellish creatures, suspenseful and offensive emotional appeals.
gothic literature
A _____ is a short poem format, created in Japan, that consists of three lines and seventeen syllables divided into five, seven, and five between the lines.
haiku
an individual comes to a conclusion without enough evidence, based on prior experiences or assumptions
hasty generalization
Shall, will, should, would, may, might, must, can, and could are examples of what kind of verbs?
helping
Context refers to both the _____ and _____ a text was written.
historical and cultural time
This term refers to the time the author was writing, which student must be able to distinguish from the setting of the story itself
historical context
Some rubrics, called _____ rubrics, provide a grade based on the overall effectiveness of the product;
holistic
_____ rubrics are more efficient as grading tools and more reflective of how writing is assessed and evaluated in the real world.
holistic
a rhetorical device in which a writer raises a question, and then immediately provides an answer to that question.
hypophora
A familiar poetic foot is an _____, which occurs when an unaccented syllable is followed by an accented one, as in the word contain.
iamb
A a line that contains five iambs--ten syllables, beginning with an unstressed syllable and alternating for the rest of the line-- is written in __________.
iambic pentameter
Hyperbole can create humor or add emphasis to a text by drawing the reader's attention to a particular _____.
idea
Teachers must model and provide explicit instruction about how to access the more complex ideas in a text. This involves instructing students in how to _____, _____, and _____ the author's broad and narrow choices, often referred to collectively as author's craft.
identify, analyze, and evaluate
Vivid description that appeals to the reader's sense of sight, sound, smell, taste, or touch.
imagery
If the writer hopes to change a reader's behavior, he or she might use _____ language with the hope of leading readers to their own conclusions of how they should change.
implicit
With _____ language, meanings are implied, so the reader is left more to his or her own conclusions.
implicit
meanings are implied but the reader must come up with their own conclusion
implicit language
The purpose of satire is to _____ the individual or institution being ridiculed.
improve
Following the exposition, an ____________ introduces the antagonist and establishes the conflict.
inciting incident
each either neither one everyone no one someone anyone everybody nobody somebody anybody everything nothing something anything another both few several many some any none all most and more are all examples of _____ pronouns.
indefinite
a clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone--aka: a sentence
independent clause
what type of clauses should be used when writing formal outlines?
independent clauses
An author might also consider whether to write explicitly or implicitly about the subject based on the degree to which he or she wants the reader to think _____ about the subject.
independently
Authors can develop their characters in this way by revealing their actions and interactions with others, sometimes including what one character says or thinks about another and allowing the reader to draw his or her own conclusions.
indirectly
To signify _____ possession, add 's to each noun, as in John's and Mary's houses
individual
With _____ reasoning, facts are gathered and conclusions are drawn from these facts.
inductive
Readers make _____ by using the information from the text in combination with their own experiential knowledge to fill in explanations for what is not stated explicitly in the text.
inferences
When analyzing or evaluating author's craft, students will likely need to make _____.
inferences
these are drawn by readers when they use their own knowledge in combination with details from the text to understand the meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or passage
inferences
implied is something a speaker does, while _____ is something the listener does after assessing the speaker's message.
inferred
The _____ phrase is a verbal phrase that may act as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb.
infinitive
When writing to _____, an author sets out simply to communicate information to his or her audience.
inform
the most common purpose for a writing task is to _____
inform
Nonfiction texts are written to _____, _____, or _____.
inform, reflect, or entertain
The key difference is that print text have static sequential layouts where digital text have a _____ layout
interactive
Ouch is an example of a _____
interjection
In evaluating evidence, students should ask questions about its _____ and its _____.
its relevancy and its reliability
A strategy that emphasizes cooperative learning by providing students an opportunity to actively help each other build comprehension. Use this technique to assign student to reading groups composed of varying skill level.
jigsaw strategy
To signify _____ possession, add 's only to the last noun, as in John and Mary's house
joint
A writer may use parallel sentence construction to accentuate the _____ of an issue.
key facets
A learning style in which learning takes place by the students carrying out physical activities, rather than listening to a lecture or watching demonstrations.
kinesthetic learning
Deconstructionists begin by examining _____, which they consider a distortion of reality.
language
Students should be encouraged to consider how the author uses _____ to communicate tone.
language
laying and laid are conjugations of _____.
lay
To put something down.
lay or set
Unverifiable stories that seem to have a degree of realism about them.
legends
fewer is used with a countable noun, while _____ is used with a non-countable noun.
less
Lying, lay, and lain are all conjugations of _____.
lie
To recline.
lie
Effective teachers integrate into the study of a literary work some ________ that would make the study of the text more personally meaningful to students.
life question
two line of iambic trimeter, two lines of iambic dimeter, and one line iambic trimeter. usually bawdy.
limericks
To interpret informational texts, students benefit from making connections between texts; thus, an effective teacher might assign ____________________________ and ask students to make comparisons
multiple articles on the same subject
Stories, often involving gods or demigods, that attempt to explain certain practices or phenomena.
myths
In order to produce meaningful work, a writer must first have a clear understanding of its purpose. Purpose usually falls into one of these 3 modes:
narrative, informative, or argumentative.
Teachers should recognize that close reading and analysis skills are not __________ and therefore must be instilled through rigorous practice and meaningful discussions.
natural abilities
A literary movement that claims to the show life exactly as if it were being examined through a scientist microscope. Writers include Theodore Dreiser Jack London and John Steinbeck.
naturalism - early 20th century - Modern period
A short recounting of a particular story.
news article
A villanelle poem is usually _____ lines long; it has five stanzas, each with three lines, and a final stanza of four lines.
nineteen
Is a website that ends in .org always reliable?
no
Money and water are examples of _____ nouns.
non-countable nouns
When a relative clause refers to a _____, that or which is used.
non-human
What type of writing is journaling?
nonfiction
The main four broad genres
nonfiction, fiction, drama, poetry
A _____ modifying clause (or nonessential clause) is an adjective clause that adds extra or nonessential information to a sentence. For example, "Estelle, our newly elected chairperson, will be in attendance."
nonrestrictive
In the sentence, "I wanted to see the Christmas lights on each home," the infinitive phrase "to see" is acting as a _____ and is the direct object of "wanted."
noun
In the sentence, "When she will move has not been determined," the _____ clause "When she will move out" is acting as the subject of the verb "has."
noun
_____ clauses play a vital role in the sentence by filling the position of subject, object of a preposition, or direct object.
noun clauses
What is the pattern of an absolute phrase?
noun plus participle
Most often, _____ fill the position of subject or object within a sentence.
nouns
fiction stories that observe and explore the social behaviors of a specific time and place. Austen, waugh's a handful of dust, and his sword of honour trilogy are examples
novel of manners
Fiction is typically written in the form of _____ and _____.
novels and short stories
amount is used for non-countable sums, while _____ is used with countable nouns.
number
A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with the _____.
object of the preposition
the narrator knows or reveals nothing about the character's internal thoughts, feelings, and motivations, but sticks to the external facts of the story --Think Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter
objective third person point of view
The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet pattern, which has eight lines called an _____ that follow an a-b-b-a a-b-b-a rhyme scheme, followed by six lines called a seste that follow either a c-d-e c-de- or a c-d c-d c-d rhyme scheme.
octave
Usually, the _____ in an Italian or Petrarchan sonnet poses a question, describes a problem, or tells a story.
octave
These evolved from early poems with music to romantic poems expressing strong feelings
ode
the narrator knows and at least partially reveals the internal thoughts, feelings, and motivations of the characters
omniscient third person point of view
Compound subjects joined by and typically take a plural verb unless considered _____. For example "Macaroni and cheese makes a great snack for children."
one item
The poets of _____ poetry create unique arrangements of words and lines that flow naturally or communicate a particular feeling, often using the lengths of the lines to emphasize ideas.
open form
A _____ is a judgment, belief, or viewpoint that is not based on evidence.
opinion
In an argument, _____ are often mentioned and countered.
opposing arguments
One goal of feminist theory is to challenge the view that being female is the ___________.
opposite of being male
One kind of pattern is text _____, which refers to how the details of a text are arranged.
organization
Often, horror fiction involves _____ or _____ content.
paranormal or psychological
Deconstructed meaning is called a _____ meaning and is made possible by the relations to a word or other words within the base networks of structures that is language
paretic
A third person narrator that is _____ is able to see into the minds of just one or a few characters.
partially omniscient
The _____ phrase is a type of verbal phrase that acts as an adjective. For example, Jon, known for his golf expertise, played in a Vero Beach tournament last month.
participial phrase.
idealize nature and country living
pastoral
In rhetoric, arguments are supported using logos--or logical appeals, _____ --or emotional appeals, and ethos--or ethical appeals.
pathos
emotional appeals
pathos
What is the verb tense of "I will have been giving her gifts on holidays for ten years next year."
perfect continuous furture
What is the verb tense of "Her friends had been giving her gifts all night when I arrived."
perfect continuous past
What is the verb tense of "I have been giving her gifts every year for nine years."
perfect continuous present
What is the verb tense of "I will have given her a gift by midnight."
perfect future
What is the verb tense of "I had given her a gift before you got there."
perfect past
What is the verb tense of "I have given her a gift already."
perfect present
The _____ is the most common terminal punctuation mark
period
Verbs are conjugated to indicate _____ and _____.
person POV and number plurality
A type of figurative language in which human characteristics are attributed to objects, abstract ideas, natural forces, or animals.
personification
A _____ is a person's point of view, frame of reference, position, or attitude towards an idea or occurrence.
perspective
To most effectively appeal to a particular audience, a writer must understand the audience's _____ and be able to appeal to them in ways that will be most appropriate for their unique circumstances.
perspective
The narrator in a ballad tends to be the _____ voice, speaking without personal judgment until it is interrupted by dialogue.
public
Authors choose the organizational structure of their text according to their _____.
purpose
By considering an author's specific choices, students can likely identify the author's audience and, subsequently, his or her ______.
purpose in writing
A stanza with four lines.
quatrain
The English or Shakespearean sonnet pattern has three groups of four lines called _____ ending with a rhyming couplet.
quatrains
the three groups of four in a sonnet
quatrains
To lift something.
raise
reaction against the romanticism movement. focus on immediacy of time and place, specific actions. addresses various ethical issues, historically concentrated on middle class.
realism
Authors of this style include include Mark twain and Stephen Crane
realism - 19th century - American Renaissance period
Satire shows a subject to be ludicrous or wrong; at the same time, satire is an appeal to the reader's _____ and _____.
reason and sense of virtue
Ballads are intended to be _____.
recited
distracting information is introduced, moving the focus away from the most important points of the argument
red herring
"reason why" is a _____ expression— so use one or the other.
redundant
A _____ pronoun is a pronoun that follows its antecedent within the same clause, as in "I make myself tea."
reflexive
A villanelle poem includes a _____—two lines that repeat throughout the poem following a specific pattern.
refrain
In linguistics, the _____ is defined as the way a speaker uses language differently in different circumstances. They are determined by such factors as social occasion, context, purpose, and audience.
register
Noun clauses and adjective clauses are introduced by _____ and _____.
relative pronouns and relative adverbs
Evidence _____ depends on how closely the evidence is related to the argument and how recently the information was established.
relevancy
The first level of Bloom's taxonomy is _____, the most basic skill a student can be asked to practice.
remembering
Evidence must be _____, meaning that it speaks directly to the situation or claim being discussed.
representative
In an argument, _____ and _____ should be presented in an organized way.
research and evidence
A _____ modifying clause (or essential clause) is an adjective clause that is essential to the meaning of a sentence because it limits the thing it refers to. For example: All students who do their work should pass easily.
restrictive
In _____, a deliberate effort is made to show the connection between points, to relate each point to the central idea, and to use words that will elicit a response from an audience.
rhetoric
In _____, arguments are supported using logos--logical appeals, pathos--emotional appeals, and ethos--ethical appeals.
rhetoric
Persuasive writing relies on _____, which is language chosen specifically for its effect, to influence the minds of readers.
rhetoric
To provide _____ is to support generalizations, claims, and arguments with examples, details, and other evidence.
rhetorical support
supports generalizations, claims and arguments with examples, details, and other evidence
rhetorical support
The English or Shakespearean sonnet pattern has three groups of four lines called quatrains ending with a _______.
rhyming couplet
To go or get up.
rise
uses sarcasm, irony, and humor as social criticism. deliberately exaggerated Examples in clude popes rape of the lock , swifts a modest proposal and gullivers travels
satire
cognitive connections that are molded in an individual's mind over time and shape the persons worldview.
schemas
subjective singular and plural: you objective singular and plural: you possessive singular and plural: your/yours
second person pronouns
The _____ is used to show a general relationship between two independent clauses
semi-colon
Is used to separate groups that include commas and you set off independent clauses
semicolon
To analyze a poet's specific choices about the clothing their female subject wears in the poems is doing a ________ analysis of the poem.
semiotic
In _____, a sign system is a set of behaviors or things which are analyzed as if they are symbols that represent ideas.
semiotics
a set of words with no independent clause
sentence fragment
Novels riginated in the movement of romanticism, depicting emotion rather than just physical love.
sentimental novel
The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet pattern, which has eight lines called an octave that follow an a-b-b-a a-b-b-a rhyme scheme, followed by six lines called a _____ that follow either a c-d-e c-d-e or a c-d c-d c-d rhyme scheme.
seste
Usually, the _____ in an Italian or Petrarchan sonnet answers octave's the question, solves octave's the problem, or comments on the octave's story.
seste
To help students do this, an effective teacher might introduce each new text with a guiding question--like What does it mean to be evil?--or hypothetical situation that pushes students to examine their own value systems
set a purpose for reading texts
When considering _____, students should examine how characters interact with their surroundings, how they are influenced by the societal expectations of that time and place, and how the location and time period impact the development of the story.
setting
When considering _____, students should identify the time and place where the story occurs as well as the cultural and social norms of the society that is being represented.
setting
Unlike a metaphor, a _____ does not replace the object with a figurative description; it compares the vehicle and topic using "like," "as," or similar words.
simile
The _____ sentence will have only one independent clause and no dependent clauses.
simple
What is the verb tense of "I will give her a gift on her birthday."
simple future
What is the verb tense of "I gave her a gift yesterday."
simple past
What is the verb tense of "I give her a gift every day."
simple present
consists of only one clause
simple sentence
List all of the parts of speech following each word for all of the words in the following sentence: Since we like cheesecake, we will not have regular cake at our reception.
since --subordinating conjunction, we --pronoun, like --verb, cheesecake --noun, we --pronoun, will --verb, not --adverb, have --verb, regular --adjective, cake --noun, at --preposition, our --adjective, reception --noun
All single, indefinite pronouns agree with _____. For example "Neither of the students is happy about the play" and "Each of the many cars is on the grass."
single verbs
Collective nouns agree with _____ when the collective acts as one unit. For example, "The band plans a party."
singular verbs
1605-1682, writing style was extraordinary and varied widely. invented over 100 new words. and was a very influential English physician and author, best known for his book of reflections, Religio Medici.
sir Thomas browne
To be seated.
sit
According to this theory, the choices humans make—including the choices an author makes about his or her work—must be understood in light of the circumstances that frame them.
situated cognition
The critical emphasis on context is based on the theory of _________, which suggests that human activity is socially situated, unavoidably influenced by its social and cultural surroundings.
situated cognition
The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet pattern, which has eight lines called an octave that follow an a-b-b-a a-b-b-a rhyme scheme, followed by _____ lines called a seste that follow either a c-d-e c-de- or a c-d c-d c-d rhyme scheme.
six
Technically, _____ rhyme is not true rhyme.
slant
In _____, the poet substitutes assonance or consonance for real rhyme.
slant rhyme
not a true rhyme- the poet substitutes assonance or consonance for a real rhyme
slant rhyme
the main argument is based on the assumption that if one particular thing happens, a series of other specific things will follow
slippery slope
According to the theory of situated cognition, to truly understand a text, students must be aware of the _____ and _____ influences that were acting on the author as he or she wrote.
social and cultural
constructivists believe most learning and understanding occurs in a _____ context.
social context. Readers are better able to construct interpretations of and find meaning in a text when they have opportunities to engage in dialogue with others about a text.
The slang he or she uses may be an indication of _____, _____, or _____ status.
social, economic, or educational status.
The critical emphasis on context is based on the theory of situated cognition, which suggests that human activity is _________, unavoidably influenced by its social and cultural surroundings.
socially situated
In some plays, actors perform these long speeches in which the characters explain their thinking about philosophical ideas or social issues and which delivered as if there were nobody listening.
soliloquies
Shakespeare's famous "To be or not to be" speech from Hamlet is an example of a _____ because it is delivered as if there were nobody listening.
soliloquy
A _____ is a lyrical poem composed of fourteen lines, usually written in iambic pentameter.
sonnet
Evidence can then be evaluated based on its _____.
source
When a teacher regularly revisits or reviews a concept, which is highly recommended for the most essential skills, he or she is doing what with that concept throughout his or her instruction?
spiraling the concept
a group of lines followed by a space in poetry
stanza
Verbs can express action, as well as _____ such as "is" or "seems", and mood.
state of being
In this logical fallacy, someone attacks a position the opponent doesn't really hold.
straw man fallacy
All clauses contain both a subject and a verb, even if the _____ is implied
subject
Compound subjects joined by or or nor agree with the nearer or nearest _____. For exmple "Neither I nor my friends are looking forward to our final exams" and "Neither my friends nor I am looking forward to our final exams."
subject
In the sentence, "Charlie, who made the clocks, works in the basement," who is in the _____ case because it is performing the action.
subject
All clauses contain both a _____ and _____
subject and a verb
A fragment occurs when a group of words does not have both a _____ and a _____ as needed to construct a complete sentence or thought.
subject and verb
A _____ is the adjective, noun, or pronoun that follows a linking verb.
subject complement
A singular subject agrees with a singular verb, a plural subject agrees with a plural verb. For example, "Your patience and consideration IS appreciated" should be "your patience and consideration ARE appreciated"
subject-verb agreement
In the sentence, "I wish that I had a dog," the verb "wish" is an example of a _____ verb.
subjunctive
Adverb clauses are introduced by _____; they modify the independent clauses to which they are attached by answering adverb questions. Because she loves pizza, we took her to the Pizza Palace," where "Because she loves pizza" is a dependent adverb clause.
subordinating conjunctions
After, as, as long as, as soon as, before, since, until, when, whenever, and while are examples of _____ related to time.
subordinating conjunctions
Although, as long as, even if, even though, if, provided that, though, unless, and while are examples of _____ related to condition.
subordinating conjunctions
As and than are _____ related to comparison.
subordinating conjunctions
As, as if, and as though are examples of _____ related to manner.
subordinating conjunctions
Because is a _____ related to cause.
subordinating conjunctions
In order that, so that, and that are examples of _____ related to purpose.
subordinating conjunctions
_____ conjunctions join dependent clauses --typically adverbial clauses-- to the independent clauses to which they are related.
subordinating conjunctions
a morpheme added at the end of a word to form a derivative
suffix
A reading strategy that requires readers to determine what is important in the text.
summarization
a reading strategy that requires readers to determine what is important in the text. Using their own words, readers reduce a text or section of the text to its main points or central ideas.
summarization
One of the most efficient ways of having students evaluate the reliability of an article is to have them explore how well the writer ____________.
supported his or her ideas
A movement in art and literature that started in Europe to replace conventional realism with the full expression of the unconscious mind. The poet T.S.Elliott was influenced by this movement
surrealism - 1920s - modern period
A literary device in which the author uses a concrete object, action, or character to represent an abstract idea.
symbolism
Verb _____ indicates the time of the action.
tense
A stanza with three lines.
tercet
A _____ is a statement about the quality or value of a person, idea, or thing.
testimonial
There is no single correct interpretation of a text; any individual's understanding will be unique to him or her. However, all interpretations must still be grounded in ______.
text evidence
This American literary period centered on the colonies' quest for independence.
the Age of Revolution 1750-1815
People of this era in British literature shared epic poems about courageous heroes, and their concern was morality and goodness.
the Anglo-Saxon Period 449-1066
The first period of recorded texts in British literature.
the Anglo-Saxon Period 449-1066
Some novelists during this British literary period played with style by writing in a stream of consciousness.
the British Modern Era 1900-1945
Writers of this British literary period preferred novels related to social issues in which characters experienced epiphanies.
the British Modern Era 1900-1945
Morality plays and folk ballads were popular during this British literary period.
the Medieval Period 1066-1485
This British literary period followed with a focus on religion, romance, diversity, and chivalry.
the Medieval Period 1066-1485
In this American literary Period, writers wrote about the World Wars, alienation, the Roaring Twenties, the Depression, and the changing world.
the Modern Period 1900-1950
Writers of the Harlem Renaissance were also considered part of this American literary period.
the Modern Period 1900-1950
Writers of the this American literary period have challenged traditional values and structures and shown heightened concern for social issues.
the Postmodern Period 1950-present
During this British literary period, people were interested in love and in the nature of human beings.
the Renaissance Period 1485-1660
This British literary period included the Elizabethan Age of great English drama and public theatres.
the Renaissance Period 1485-1660
During this British literary period, comedies of manners, essays, and satires were popular.
the Restoration Period 1660-1798
This British literary period included the Age of Sensibility and is also referred to as the Enlightenment, a title that reflects the cultural emphasis on logic, reason, and rules.
the Restoration Period 1660-1798
During this British literary period, many poems and lyrical ballads were written, as well as imaginative gothic horror novels.
the Romantic Period 1785-1830
During this British literary period, people believed truth was found in nature and unrestrained imaginative experience.
the Romantic Period 1785-1830
This British literary period began as a reaction to the emphasis on rational thought brought about by the Enlightenment period.
the Romantic Period 1785-1830
A logical fallacy in which the argument is simply restated repeatedly with no inclusion of new evidence.
the circular argument
the argument is simply restated repeatedly with no inclusion of new evidence
the circular argument
The Age of Revolution is centered on _____________________.
the colonies' quest for independence
A logical fallacy in which an individual comes to a conclusion without enough evidence, based on prior experiences or assumptions.
the hasty generalization
A logical fallacy in which distracting information is introduced, moving the focus away from the most important points of the argument.
the red herring
What writing element directs the entire research process for a writer?
the research question
what creates the musical qualities of poetry?
the rhythm and sound devices
A logical fallacy in which the main argument is based on the assumption that if one particular thing happens, a series of other specific things will follow.
the slippery slope
Often, science fiction writing explores ideas involving the future of humanity and its relationship with _____ or _____.
the universe or technology
Readers make inferences by using the information from the text in combination with ________________ to fill in explanations for what is not stated explicitly in the text.
their own experiential knowledge
A fourth reading of a poem should be used to formulate ____________________________.
thematic ideas drawn from the details
By analyzing how the author chooses to resolve the conflict, the reader can gain a better understanding of the story's _____.
theme
Examining mood can help reveal a work's _____.
theme
Examining tone can help reveal a work's _____.
theme
Rhe universal message that the author hopes to communicate through his or her artistic choices.
theme
The quatrains in an English or Shakespearean sonnet present variations on a single _____, and the couplet is a concluding remark.
theme
subjective singular: he/she/it objective singular: him/her/it possessive singular: his/his, her/hers, its/its subjective plural: they objective plural: them possessive plural: their/theirs
third person pronouns
A villanelle poem is usually nineteen lines long; it has five stanzas, each with _____ lines, and a final stanza of four lines.
three
To jog their interest, especially in linguistically complex dramas like those of Shakespeare, effective teachers might have students do this.
watch video clips of actual performances
A character's dialect may reveal this about a character.
where he or she is from
In cases where a person is the object of a relative clause, the writer would use the relative pronoun _____.
whom
Conditional sentences, which use the auxiliaries _____, _____, and _____, use the subjunctive mood.
would, could, and should
in teaching fiction, teachers should also make time for students to __________.
write fiction
