Prep U -Chapter 32
Which of the following is the most common HIV-related malignancy?
Kaposi's sarcoma
Which blood test confirms the presence of antibodies to HIV?
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who is immunosuppressed. Which statement by the client indicates the need for additional teaching?
"I can eat whatever I want as long as it's low in fat."
The nurse is instructing a male client about safer sexual behaviors. Which client statement indicates a need for additional instruction?
"I will apply baby oil to lubricate the condom."
A client has discussed therapy for his HIV-positive status. What does the nurse understand is the goal of antiretroviral therapy?
Bring the viral load to a virtually undetectable level
A client with ataxia-telangiectasia is admitted to the unit. The nurse caring for the client would expect to see what included in the treatment regimen?
IV gamma globulin administration
A client with a primary immunodeficiency is undergoing genetic testing. This testing would be of least benefit in identifying which condition?
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) informs the nurse of difficulty eating and swallowing, and shows the nurse white patches in the mouth. What problem related to AIDS does the nurse understand the client has developed?
Candidiasis
A nurse is preparing to give a client an infusion of gamma globulin. The nurse knows to stop the infusion if the client experiences which symptoms? Select all that apply.
Flank pain Shaking chills Tightness in the chest
A client with severe combined immunodeficiency is to receive a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. What would the nurse expect to be started?
Immunosuppressive agents
A client with AIDS has become forgetful with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms?
AIDS dementia complex (ADC)
When assisting the patient to interpret a negative HIV test result, the nurse informs the patient that the results mean which of the following?
Antibodies to HIV are not present in his blood.
Which is usually the most important consideration in the decision to initiate antiretroviral therapy?
CD4+ counts
A healthcare worker has been exposed to the blood of an HIV-positive client and is awaiting the results of an HIV test. In the meantime, what precautions must the healthcare worker take to prevent the spread of infection?
Follow the same sexual precautions as someone who has been diagnosed with AIDS.
What test will the nurse assess to determine the client's response to antiretroviral therapy?
Viral load
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is diagnosed through
biopsy
HIV is harbored within which type of cell?
lymphocyte
The nurse administers an injection to a client with AIDS. When finished, the nurse attempts to recap the needle and sustains a needlestick to the finger. What is the priority action by the nurse?
Report the incident to the supervisor.
A client taking abacavir has developed fever and rash. What is the priority nursing action?
Report to the health care provider.
A child has just been diagnosed with a primary immune deficiency. The parents state, "Oh, no. Our child has AIDS." Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
"Although AIDS is an immune deficiency, your child's condition is different from AIDS."
A client is prescribed didanosine as part of a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Which instruction would the nurse emphasize with this client?
"Be sure to take this drug about 1/2 hour before or 2 hours after you eat."
A client is considering beginning sexual relations and wants to know the best way to be protected from a sexually transmitted infection and HIV. What is the best response by the nurse?
"Using a latex condom and spermicidal jelly is one of the most effective ways to decrease the risk of transmission of an STI and HIV."
There are major differences between primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. Select the most accurate statement the nurse would use to explain the cause of a secondary immunodeficiency.
"Your immune system was most likely affected by an underlying disease process."
The nurse is caring for a client whose most recent laboratory values reveal a neutrophil level of 21,000 mm3. When preparing to assess the client, the nurse should prioritize what assessment?
Assessing the client for signs and symptoms of infection
A public health nurse is preparing an educational campaign to address a recent local increase in the incidence of HIV infection. The nurse should prioritize what intervention?
Educational programs that focus on control and prevention