PrepU Fluid and Electrolytes
Which set of arterial blood gas (ABG) results requires further investigation?
pH 7.49, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, PaO2 89 mm Hg, and HCO3- 18 mEq/L
A client is to receive hypotonic IV solution in order to provide free water replacement. Which solution does the nurse anticipate administering?
0.45% NaCl
Which solution is hypotonic?
0.45% NaCl
Which is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia?
Alcoholism
A nurse reviews the results of an electrocardiogram (ECG) for a patient who is being assessed for hypokalemia. Which of the following would the nurse notice as the most significant diagnostic indicator?
Elevated U wave
A patient with mild fluid volume excess is prescribed a diuretic that blocks sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule. Which diuretic does the nurse anticipate administering to this patient?
HydroDiuril
Oral intake is controlled by the thirst center, located in which of the following cerebral areas?
Hypothalamus
Your client has a diagnosis of hypervolemia. What would be an important intervention that you would initiate?
Limit sodium and water intake.
A priority nursing intervention for a client with hypervolemia involves which of the following?
Monitoring respiratory status for signs and symptoms of pulmonary complications.
A 64-year-old client is brought in to the clinic feeling thirsty with dry, sticky mucous membranes; decreased urine output; fever; a rough tongue; and is lethargic. Serum sodium level is above 145 mEq/l (145 mmol/L). Should the nurse start salt tablets when caring for this client?
No, sodium intake should be restricted.
Which is a correct route of administration for potassium?
Oral
A client with pancreatic cancer has the following blood chemistry profile: Glucose, fasting: 204 mg/dl; blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 12 mg/dl; Creatinine: 0.9 mg/dl; Sodium: 136 mEq/L; Potassium: 2.2 mEq/L; Chloride: 99 mEq/L; CO2: 33 mEq/L. Which result should the nurse identify as critical and report immediately?
Potassium
A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas (ABG) values of a client admitted with pneumonia: pH, 7.51; PaCO2, 28 mm Hg; PaO2, 70 mm Hg; and HCO3--, 24 mEq/L. What do these values indicate?
Respiratory alkalosis
A patient is diagnosed with hypocalcemia. The nurse advises the patient and his family to immediately report the most characteristic manifestation. What is the most characteristic manifestation?
Tingling or twitching sensation in the fingers
Fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of translocation. What specific process allows water to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area?
osmosis
Which is an insensible mechanism of fluid loss?
Breathing
Clients diagnosed with hypervolemia should avoid sweet or dry food because it
increases the client's desire to consume fluid.
The nurse has been assigned to care for various clients. Which client is at the highest risk for a fluid and electrolyte imbalance?
An 82-year-old client who receives all nutrition via tube feedings and whose medications include carvedilol and torsemide.
What foods can the nurse recommend for the patient with hypokalemia?
Fruits such as bananas and apricots
A client admitted with acute anxiety has the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: pH, 7.55; partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), 90 mm Hg; partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), 27 mm Hg; and bicarbonate (HCO3-), 24 mEq/L. Based on these values, the nurse suspects:
respiratory alkalosis.
