Principles of Interviewing Exam
What are the best strategies to answering strategically in an interview?
1. Avoid defensiveness or hostility 2. Share control of the interview 3. Explain what you are doing and why 4. Take advantage of question pitfalls 5. Avoid common question traps 6. Support your answers 7. Open your answers positively rather than negatively.
What are the four approaches to listening?
1. Listening for Comprehension 2. Listening for Empathy 3. Listening for Evaluation 4. Listening for Resolution
What are the four perceptions of self?
1. Self-Concept 2. Self- Identity 3. Self- Esteem 4. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
What percentage of people prefer face-to-face interviews
76%
What percent of interviewers claim they would videoconference?
88%
The first step in preparing for an interview is to determine what?
A CLEAR PURPOSE
What is an interview?
An interactional communication process between two parties, at least one of whom has the predetermined and serious purpose, that involved asking and answering of questions
What are some positive aspects of the videoconference interview?
Enables interview parties to interact visually in long distance, at multiple points, is faster, and less expensive.
Advantages to Recording Advantages
Enables you to concentrate to answers and allows for probing questions You can go back and find things you missed during the interview.
Nudging Probes
If silence fails, start to judge! Common words or phrases are: I see, and, go on, so, yes, why?
Interviews consist of which two distinct parties?
Interviewer and Interviewee Party.
What are the essential functions to opening up an interview?
Setting the mood, Establishing Rapport, and Orienting the other party
Nondirective Approach
The interviewee has significant control over the subject matter, length of answers, interview climate and formality. questions are open ended and neutral Tend to be journalistic, oral history, investigations, counseling, performance review. allows for greater flexibility and adaptability.
The Don't Ask, Don't Tell
These delve into information and emotions that respondents may be incapable of addressing because of social, psychological, or situational contstraints.
Interview Guide
a carefully structured outline of topics and substopics to be covered, not a list of questions
the four types of Interview Schedules
a nonscheduled interview, a moderately scheduled interview, a highly scheduled interview, a highly scheduled standardized interview.
The Tunnel Sequence (string of beads)
a similarly phrased string of open or closed questions, where each question may cover a specific topic, ask for a specific piece of information, or identify an attitude or feeling. Is most common in polls, surveys, journalistic interviews, and medical interviews deigned to elicit information, attitudes, and intentions.
Politeness Theory
accounts for the redressing of affronts to a person's threatening acts.
What is the role of questions in an interview?
asking and answering questions is the most important part and use it in all types of interviews. Designed to gain and clarify information and to change the way someone else thinks, feels, or behaves.
The Funnel Sequence
begins with broad, open ended questions, and processes with more restricted question. Most appropriate when respondents are familiar with a topic and are encouraged to talk freely about it
The Inverted Funnel Sequence
begins with close questions and proceeds toward open questions. It is most useful when you need to motivate an interviewee to respond.
The Hourglass Sequence
begins with open questions, procceeds to closed questions, and ends with open questions.
Learning for Empathy
communicates genuine concern, understanding and involvement. Ability to put one's self in another person's position
A Moderately Scheduled Interview
consists of all major questions with possible probing questions under each. The sentences and phrases in a guide become questions
Self-Concept
emerges from experiences, activities, attitudes, accomplishments, failures, interactions, and the superior and subordinate role
Neutral Questions
encourage honest answers, allows respondents to answer without direction or pressure. open: respondent determines length, detail, and nature of answer closed: allowed to choose between equal choices
Clearhousing Probes
essential tools for discovering whether a series of questions has uncovered everything of importance on a topic or issue ("Is there anything else you would like me to know?")
Loaded Questions
essentially extreme leading questions. Characterized by, strong direction and visual dictation of correct answer. Which can include name calling and emotionally charged words, potential to lead to strong interview bias Example: "According to the law..." "As we all know.."
Self-Esteem
how we perceive our self worth.
Perception of Other Party
how you perceive others affects how you approach the interview and react during. may be influenced by age, gender, race, ethnic group, size
Closing the Interview
if you want to make both parties make closing successful you should really care about what you do and what you say. Take your time and be tactful in what you say . It is a dialogue not a monologue, courage, be sincere and honest, and recall the last thing said or done in the interview. Offer to answer questions
The Diamond Sequence
interviewers begin with closed questions, proceed to open questions and end with closed questions
What does interactional mean?
interviews include sharing and exchanging of roles, responsibilities, feelings, beliefs, motives, and information. (each party has the opportunity to change how things are going at any time)
Self-Identity
is constantly changing through interaction and adaption
Quintamensional Design Sequence
is effective at asserting attitudes and beliefs. THe five step approach proceeds from an interviewee's awareness of the issue to attitudes influenced by the interviewer, specific attitudes, reasons for these attitudes, and intensity of these attitudes.
A Nonscheduled Interview
is most appropriate when interviews will be brief, interviewers and information levels differ significantly, interviewees are reluctant to respond or have poor memories, or there is little preparation time.
Informational Interview
is the most common of interviews because you participate in informational interviews everyday (police officers, counslers, professors). Used to obtain or transmit facts, opinions, attitudes, feelings and observations
A Highly Scheduled Standardized Interview
is the most planned and structured. All questions ans answer options are stated in identical words to each interviewee who then picks answers from those provided.
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
is when we fail or succeed based on convincing ourselves that we will
What are some disadvantages to telephone interviews
lack of "presence of parties, no body language, interviewees lack of commitment (poor word choice, speaking manner, causal dress)
Positives to Email Interviewing
meets the definition of an interview, large number of people use it to make inquries, send and receive info, and discussion problems any time of day.
Closed Questions
narrow in focus and restrict the interviewee's freedom to determine the amount and kind of information to provide
Interview Bias
questions laced can influence respondents in such a way that is distorts the outcome of the interview.
Informational Probes
questions that are used to get additional information or explanations, able to pry open vague, superficial or suggestive answers ("what specially did she say")
Bipolar Questions
questions that limit respondents to two polar choices, most common are yes or no questions ( are you going to the review session after class?)
Reflective Probes
reflects the answer just recieved to verify or clarify it so you know you have interpreted it as the respondent intended.
Open Questions
respondents have considerable freedom to determine the amount of information to give.
Restatement Probes
restate the question with more emphasis on certain words or try and get across exactly what you are looking for.
Jargon
special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and others to understand.
Powerless Speech
style is defined as the use of linguistic features the negative effects on how the speaker is perceived. features analyzed can include intensifiers, hedges, and hesitations
Leading questions
suggest answer expected or desired, direct interviewee to a specific answer example: you're going to the meeting, aren't you?
Mirror Probes
summarizes a series of answers or interchanges to ensure accurate understanding and retention
What does the interviewer have to do before the informational interview?
the beginning of the interview is the most important part! Conduct a solid opening: create a bond, be genuine and cautious with small talk.
The Directive Approach
the interviewer establishes the purpose of the interview and attempts to control the direction of the interview questions likely to be closed with brief, direct answers. Tend to be information giving, surveys, opinion polls, employee recruiting. Easy to learn, takes less time.
Establishing Rapport
the process of establishing and maintaining a relationship between the interviewer and the interviewee. Can be accomplished through simple nonverbal cues like firm handshakes, nods, eyecontact. Can also include small talk about the weather, mutual friends, etc.
Orienting the Other Party
this is the time to explain the purpose or nature of the interview being conducted. The interviewer may explain how or what they plan on using the information for.
The Double-Barrelled Inquisition
this occurs when you're asking two or more questions at the same time instead of one.
What is the purpose of an Informational Interview
to obtain relevant and timely information as accurately and completely as possible in the shortest amount of time.
Listening for Comprehension
to receive, understand and remember a conversation as accurately as possible by concentrating on a question, answer or reaction and remain objective. Essential in the initial minutes of an interviewing when giving information.
Silent Probing
to use if the respondent gives an incomplete answer or seems hesitant. Can be eye contact, a head nod, or gesture or silence.
A Highly Scheduled Interview
unlike those in a moderate schedule, all questions in a highly scheduled interview are asked exactly in the order they are listen and worded in the schedule. It permits no unplanned probing, word changes. Questions may be closed so interviewees can give brief, specific answers
Limitations with Videoconferencing
visual cues limited to top half of faces, fewer nonverbal cues, more difficult to interact freely and naturally, associated with negative evaluations.
What is the purpose of interviewing?
with a predetermined a serious purpose. Require a degree of planning and structure.
Ability Criteria
you meet 3 out of the 10 criteria listed below in requirements for your field
What to do in the beginning of the interview?
- Identify yourself - Identify positon - Identify what organization you represent - Explain what you wish to discuss and why - Reveal how information will be employed and how long interview will take
Learning for Evaluation
-Critical Listening: ready to judge after comprehensing the verbal and nonverbal interactions
Listening for Resolution
-Dialogic listening believes that the agenda for resolving a problem or task supresedes the individual.
Limitations to Email
-frequent false starts -establish rapport with interviewees -determining emotional reactions -difficulty in translating unusual symbols and acronyms
