Protein synthesis

5'-AGU

The tRNA shown in the diagram will be able to form a base-pair interaction with which mRNA?

C

Compare the sample results from each athlete with the control results. There are two controls: 1. Positive control: contains rhEPO only.2. Negative control: only includes urine. No rhEPO in this control.Which athlete is using rhEPO? Use the buttons on the computer screen to analyze the graphs.

CHO

Glycosylation sites are marked with a diagram of glycan. Based on the mass spectrometry results, rhEPO is glycosylated in which expression system?

Bottom

Have a look at this simplified depiction of a DNA strand using the VIEW IMAGE button. Which strand is the template strand?

Y, Z, then X.

If X, Y, and Z prefer to the parts of a mass spectrometer that perform different processes such that: X detects the number of different ions. Y is where ion production from the sample takes place. Z separates ions with different mass-to-charge ratios. In which order do X, Y, and Z occur?

II, III, and IV

In mass spectrometry protein molecules are separated based on their mass to charge ratio. The data is recorded in a histogram for analysis. Which of these histograms are NOT coherent with the mass spectrometry principle?

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization.

MALDI is an abbreviation for what?

Mass and charge

Mass spectrometry identifies molecules based on what?

Ensures ionization of protein molecules.

Protein samples are mixed with a matrix prior to analysis. What is the function of a matrix in MALDI MS analysis?

P

Protein synthesis is performed by an RNA-protein complex called the ribosome. As you can see in the image, a ribosome is composed of 3 sites called E, P, and A. To which site does tRNA add its amino acid to the polypeptide chain

Golgi apparatus

Recombinant proteins produced by E. coli cells are not glycosylated. This is because E. coli cells do not possess which organelle?

The personnel, the experiment, and the environment

The biosafety cabinet is important for physical containment. In this lab we will use a biosafety cabinet class II. Who or what does a level II biosafety cabinet protect?

582

The erythropoietin protein is 193 amino acids long. With this information, how many nucleic acids are there in the mRNA including the initiator and terminator codons

4

The glycosylation site are marked with glycan diagram. Drag the blue box on the top right graph to view all the glycan diagrams.Based on the mass spectrometry results, how many glycosylation sites exist in rhEPO-CHO.

C

The mRNA strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction. The circles in the image indicate the chemical group to which the next base is attached. Which image has the circle in the correct position?

Predict the identity of an unknown protein.

The macromolecule ionization method, such as MALDI MS, allows us to obtain a peptide mass fingerprint, or PMF, that can be used to do what?

tRNA, mRNA, rRNA

Three types of RNA cooperate to perform translation. A: Read codons and deliver the amino acids. B: Carry the genetic information from DNA. C: Catalyze the assembly of polypeptide chains. Which type of RNA matches the A, B, and C descriptions, respectively?

5'-AGU

Three types of RNA cooperate to perform translations NA?

B and A

Two basic types of protein secondary structures are alpha- helix and beta-sheet. The alpha helix is a right-handed coil. The beta sheet can be formed by two or more segments of the polypeptide chain lying side by side. The entire folded protein 3D structure is known as tertiary structure. The main two secondary structures of proteins are alpha helix and beta sheet which are represented respectively by which two letters in the image?

MGVHECP

What is the correct amino acid translated from the resulting mRNA.

Codon

What is the name of each sequence of three nitrogen- containing bases of RNA that codes for one amino acid?

Ribosomes, 2

Where do eukaryotic cells synthesize proteins and which number represents this organelle in the image?

5' - AUU ACA AUG GGG GUG CAC GAA UGU CCU - 3'

Which is the correct mRNA sequence resulting from the EPO gene transcription process?

Secondary structure

Which level of protein structure is formed by the weak bonds between oxygen and hydrogen atoms within the polypeptide backbone?

DNA has no hydroxyl group on the second carbon.

You can observe the main differences between DNA and RNA. Which statement is true?

Red blood cells

EPO can increase production of energy (ATP) by increasing production of what?

primary structure

A sequence of amino acids, or a polypeptide, grows from the N- terminus to the C-terminus. This polypeptide chain represents the primary structure of a protein. The linear sequence of amino acids within a protein is considered the... structure of the protein

peptide bonds

Amino acids are linked by a specific type of covalent bond. The reaction of this bond produces one water molecule. This bond links multiple amino acids acids together, what is it called?

TGDR

An EPO gene is 582 bp long. This is the downstream section of the coding sequence for the erythropoietin mRNA: '5 - ACA GGG GAC AGA UGA -3' Downstream means near the 3' end, so notice that the first codon is not methionine. What is the correct amino acid sequence?

yes, erythropoietin is best expressed in mammalian cells.

Are mammalian espression systems better than bacterial systems for the production of biologically active and stable erythropoietin?

Bacteria lack the machinery for making post-translational modifications.

Bacterial cells often cannot produce recombinant proteins that are identical to their wild type. Why is this?

12 kDa

Based on the mass spectrometer result, what is the mass difference between rhEOO expressed in CHO and E.coli?

40%

Based on the mass spectrometry result, the masses of rhEPO expressed in CHO and E. coli are 30 kDa and 18 kDa, respectively. We also know that the EPO preoteins expressed in mammalian cells are glycosylated. Therefore, we can say that what weight percentage of rhEPO expressed in CHO are polysaccharides.

The position of a carbon atom in the sugar backbone

DNA and mRNA synthesis proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction. What do 5' and 3' refer to?

'A' is transcription and 'B' is translation.

DNA is the molecule of heredity that contains instructions to build proteins. In 1958, Francis Crick described the central dogma of molecular biology explaining the process of gene expression. What do A and B represent in the image?