PSY 101 - Quiz 7 (Ch. 7.1, 7.2, 7.5)

If you read a sentence, and then rehearse it to yourself for the next 20 seconds, you are holding the sentence in:

short-term memory

In Elizabeth Loftus's "lost in the mall" study, approximately what percentage of people distinctly remembered being lost in a shopping mall after being told that this had happened to them, even though it did not really happen?

25

__________ stores a record of auditory stimuli for up to 5 or 10 seconds.

Echoic memory

Which of the following would be an example of episodic memory?

Remembering where you ate lunch yesterday.

The "Magic Number" of short-term memory is:

Seven plus or minus two

An important source of false memories may come from:

Source Monitoring Confusion

Which of the following describes the term "schema"?

an organized knowledge structure or mental model that we have stored in memory

What memory technique can be used to get around Short-Term Memory's limited capacity and can permit you to hold greater quantities of information in mind?

chunking

Unintentional plagiarism has been attributed to __________, which occurs when someone says they forgot having been exposed to the plagiarized material earlier and thought they had created it themselves.

cryptomnesia

The two primary reasons why short-term memories fade are __________ and __________.

decay; interference

Learning is best when a person adopts which of the following study or practice schedules?

distributed practice

There are various techniques available to help people improve their ability to recall material. For example, when you remember something new by connecting it mentally to something you already know, you are using __________.

elaborative rehearsal

Supposed you chew gum every day in class, and every time you study. You reason, therefore, you should chew gum for the test too, in order to recreate a retrieval enviornment that is as similar as possible to your learning environment. If so, you are attempting to make use of:

encoding specificity

More than 300 convicted prisoners to date have been released because DNA evidence showed they were innocent, despite confident testimony from __________.

eyewitnesses

Emotional memories recalled with extremely vivid detail are called:

flashbulb memories

Dave has to remember 4 items that he needs at the corner market, so he visualizes the path he will take to get there. He imagines a bar of soap hanging from a large tree, envisions a roll of paper towels next to a stoplight, "sees" a packet of gum on the newspaper rack, and imagines the fire hydrant spurting out soda. Which memory strategy is Dave relying on?

method of loci

When we have encountered a stimulus before, we are able to identify it more quickly and easily. The term for this subtype of implicit memory is __________.

priming

Psychologists measure people's memory abilities by assessing three capacities: __________.

recall, recognition, and relearning

Zhenya knows that St. Paul is the capital of Minnesota. Which form of memory is is Zhenya demonstrating?

semantic

The brief storage of perceptual information before it is passed to short-term memory is called ________ memory.

sensory