PSYC-101 Quiz 9

When it comes to research findings on interpersonal relationships, including romantic connections, which phrase is the most accurate?

"Birds of a feather flock together."

Why does proximity seem to promote relationships between people?

Because proximity promotes familiarity.

According to noted sociologist Emile Durkheim, achieving a state of personal well-being requires what?

Being socially connected

When being considered for a job opening, people being interviewed often mirror the interviewer's behavior. This can be explained by what concept?

Chameleon effect

Which of the following is an example of the planning fallacy?

Gerard believes he can complete a term paper within a one-week time frame. He is surprised when he cannot complete the project as quickly as he anticipated.

What is the difference between stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination?

Stereotypes are based on beliefs, prejudice is based on emotions, and discrimination is based on behavior.

Researchers have studied whether being left out of a group can cause the same neural responses as physical pain. Through fMRI studies, they found that two areas of the brain - the dorsal anterior cingulate and the ________ showed heightened activity when a person experienced social ostracism. This suggests that social pain can be as problematic as physical pain!

anterior insula

The ________ heuristic is one in which the frequency or likelihood of an event is evaluated based on how easily examples come to mind.

availability

Brandon does not believe he is prejudiced. However, he got very nervous when told he was randomly assigned to room with a man from Costa Rica for his first year in college. He plans to spend as little time as possible in his room because of this reason. Brandon is probably experiencing which of the following?

aversive racism

According to social psychologists Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary, human beings have a fundamental psychological need to ________.

belong

While walking out of a convenience store, Nicholas openly mocks the clerk's accent to his friend. Nicholas's open expression of his rude opinion and his lack of embarrassment suggests that this is a(n) ________ bias.

blatant

LaTonya has been given an award by her company and makes a speech at an awards banquet. Her entire speech focuses on the contributions of her work group, her family, and her friends. At no time does she note her own work or her personal achievements. LaTonya seems to emphasize the cultural value of ________.

collectivism

When Simon travels to Japan for a business meeting with a potential customer, he spends a lot of time reading about appropriate behaviors. He wants to learn how he is supposed to act when meeting a stranger so that he does not unintentionally offend anyone. Simon is learning about:

cultural scripts.

There are three friends - Masako, Elida, and Renata - who notice that one of the boys in their class looks very sad one morning and is holding back tears. Each of the girls thinks the others will ask him what is wrong and be supportive and so none of them say a word. This failure to act because they thought others would is called ________.

diffusion of responsibility

"In order to want to help other people, you must first imagine yourself in their situation and try to understand things from their point of view." This statement summarizes the ________ model of prosocial behavior.

empathy-altruism

Using the analogy of a bank account, experts suggest that people who want to increase the positive nature of their relationships should:

make more positive relationship deposits.

The ________ component of love, according to Sternberg's theory, is comprised of physiological and emotional arousal. It can include physical attraction, emotional responses that promote physiological changes, and sexual arousal.

passion

Engaging in actions that benefit another person is called ________ behavior.

prosocial

According to ________ theory, people tend to categorize each other into groups and then show favoritism to their own group.

social identity

Geri thinks the guy who cut her off on the freeway is a jerk. When she needs to exit she cuts off the driver next to her as she switches lanes. She does not believe that she, herself, is a jerk; instead, she thinks the situation led to her behavior. This is an example of __________.

the fundamental attribution error