PSYC: 14-16

formal operational stage

- (age 11 to 15) - can think abstractly (about space & time) - can think hypothetically ("what if")

preoperational stage

- (age 2 to 7) - object permanence - thinking is egocentric - lack concept of conservation

concrete operational stage

- (age 7 to 11) - classify things into sets - reasoning about concrete objects - understand conservation - don't understand abstract concepts

sensorimotor stage

- (birth to age 2) - coordinating sensory experiences w/ motor actions - lack object permanence (until 8 months)

Conventional Level (Kohlberg)

- abiding by parental/societal standards - obedience without question

2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Erikson)

- age 1.5 to 3 - developing sense of independence

5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Erikson)

- age 12 to 20ish - develop sense of who your are and what your purpose is OR feel lost in the world - less reliance on adults, more on peers

3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson)

- age 3 to 5 - assuming more responsibility for self - encouraged to act more independently

4. Competency/Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson)

- age 6 to 12/puberty - mastering knowledge & intellectual skills - developing positive social interactions

Post-conventional Level (Kohlberg)

- developing a personal moral code based on personal moral values - live in accordance with out principles rather than the law of the land

6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson)

- early adulthood - forming healthy & intimate relationships or loneliness

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)

- first 18 months - needs must be met: nourishment, attachment, attention

8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Erikson)

- late adulthood - looking back and evaluating life - feel satisfaction or regret

7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Erikson)

- middle adulthood - helping younger generations develop usefulness - might feel insignificant

Cognitive development

- physical & motor development matters - Major pioneers: Jean Piaget (stages), Lev Vygotsky (social interaction)

Pre-conventional Level (Kohlberg)

- reward vs punishment - doing things for self interest

Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory

- rule of social interaction - role of play - symbolic: evidence for more advanced cognition - cooperative: linked to later understanding of other people's feelings, beliefs, etc.

Erikson's Theory (socio-emotional development)

- theory of lifespan development - 8 stages represent developmental tasks to master - two outcomes: increase in personal competence, or increase in weakness and vulnerability

Evaluation of Piaget's Theory

- underestimate infants - over estimate adolescents & adults - lack of emphasis on roles of culture & education

early adulthood

20s and 30s

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

4 stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

middle adulthood

40-65 years

late adulthood

65+

35-39

A single act of intercourse is half as likely to produce a pregnancy for a woman between the ages of ___________ as it is in women aged 19 to 26.

Beryl and Callie

Allan is 35. Beryl is 50. Callie is 63. Which of these individuals is middle-aged?

Try not to worry too much. Children and younger adults are more susceptible to short-term ailments due to older adults having more antibodies in their system.

Bill is 65 years old and is worried about the upcoming winter months. He is very worried that he will catch a cold that would escalate to something worse due to his age. What would you tell Bill?

Menarche (first menstrual period)

Chanice is 12 years old. When she woke up this morning she noticed blood on her bed. This has never happened before. Chanice is experiencing:

trust

Erik Erikson used the phrase basic _____ to refer to a child's fundamental sense that the world is reliable and predictable.

neural networks sprouting in her frontal lobes.

Five-year-old Ling is beginning to show signs of being able to plan ahead in a somewhat rational manner. At her age, this development is likely due to:

75

For the first time in her life, Margaret has little sexual desire. She is not alarmed as this is common in others who are also _____ or older.

3; 6; frontal

From age ______to age______, the brain's neural network is sprouting most rapidly in the _______ lobes.

myelin

In adolescence the growth of _____, the fatty tissue that forms around axons and speeds neurotransmission, enables better communication with other brain regions.

25 million

In the womb, the developing brain of the fetus forms around _____ nerve cells per minute.

This is actually rare as most babies are walking by the time they are 15 months of age.

Kendra is a 20-month-old baby who is still crawling. She has not started to walk yet. What would her pediatrician likely say to her mother?

Chastity

Leanne is 5 months old. Chastity is 8 months old. Dominique is 25 months old. Which infant should show the MOST evidence of stranger anxiety?

Harlow's Monkeys: attachment doesn't derive from an association with nourishment

Nadine hears a television talk show guest remark that "A baby's mother provides it with food, and that's the basis for attachment." Nadine immediately realizes that this statement is false, because she is familiar with:

recognize the words

Seventy-year-old Barbara has been asked to memorize a series of 30 words. She is likely to perform similar to a young adult if she is asked to:

theory of mind

Shelly's brother hid her favorite stuffed bear in a cabinet after Shelly had originally put the bear in her own toy chest. When she returns she is able to find the bear in the cabinet where her brother had put it. This illustrates Shelly's development of:

association

The __________ areas of the cortex are the last brain areas to develop.

5

Up to age 95, the incidence of mental disintegration doubles every ___ years.

No. Only 50% of babies in the US are walking within a week of their 1st birthday

Yun Hee is concerned about her daughter, who will be 1 year old next week. Her baby is not walking yet, and Yun Hee's family is starting to comment on this. Should she be worried?

authoritative parenting

parenting style characterized by emotional warmth, high standards for behavior, explanation and consistent enforcement of rules, and inclusion of children in decision making. confrontative

Moral Development (Kohlberg)

preconventional, conventional, postconventional

prospective memory

remembering to do things in the future

authoritarian parenting

style of parenting in which parent is rigid and overly strict, showing little warmth to the child. coercive

permissive parenting

style of parenting in which parent makes few, if any demands on a child's behavior

Development

the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout life

habitual memory

well rehearsed, unconscious, behavioral routines